Nola (Campania)

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Nola
No coat of arms available.
Nola (Italy)
Nola
Country Italy
region Campania
Metropolitan city Naples  (NA)
Local name Nola
Coordinates 40 ° 56 '  N , 14 ° 32'  E Coordinates: 40 ° 55 '34 "  N , 14 ° 31' 39"  E
surface 39 km²
Residents 34,450 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 883 inhabitants / km²
Factions Piazzolla, Polvica
Post Code 80035 (capoluogo e Polvica), 80037 (Piazzolla)
prefix 081
ISTAT number 063050
Popular name Nolani
Patron saint San Felice
Website Nola
The cathedral of Nola
The cathedral of Nola

Nola is a southern Italian city ​​with 34,450 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019).

Location and traffic

Nola is located 35 km northeast of Naples at the foot of Mount Vesuvius . The city is connected to the Salerno – Caserta railway line . Nola is at the junction of the A16 and A30 , there is an exit Nola on the A30.

history

At the site of today's Nola there was a village in the Bronze Age that was destroyed during the so-called Avellino eruption of the Vesuvius volcano between 1935 and 1880 BC. Was buried. The remains in excellent condition under the volcanic ash were found and examined from 2001 onwards.

Allegedly Greek colonists from Chalkis founded the ancient Nola as well as the neighboring Abella . Towards the end of the 6th century BC According to Hekataios , the oldest known author who mentions the city, it was inhabited by Ausonians (see Aurunker ). From around 471 BC. According to Cato , it was under the rule of the Etruscans and fell to the Samnites , who called it Novla , at the end of the 5th century .

The pre-Roman necropolis was apparently extensive and delivered to the antique collectors in the 18th and 19th centuries. Century a large number of Greek and especially Attic vases . A special form of Attic red-figure neck amphora was named Nolan amphora after this location .

Coin from Nola (ΝΩΛΑΙΩΝ)

In contrast to Naples , Nola did not have a large Greek population during the Samnite period, but according to Dionysius of Halicarnassus , she was still very fond of the Greeks and their institutions. The city maintained good relations with Naples and not only minted coins that were similar to the Neapolitan currency in type and weight, but also sent coins in 327 BC. Shortly before the outbreak of the Second Samnite War, 2000 auxiliary troops to support Naples in its fight against Rome . 313 BC After a short resistance, Nola was conquered by the Romans.

During the Second Punic War , the Nola plebs tended to decline in 216 BC. To the apostasy from the Romans and connection to Hannibal after he had brought Capua under his control. The senate and the nobles of the city remained loyal to Rome and sent messengers to the praetor Marcus Claudius Marcellus , who managed to bypass the area occupied by the enemy and to get to Nola with a considerable force. According to the very unreliable Roman historical tradition, especially in the case of Titus Livius and Plutarch , Marcellus is said to have made a happy failure in the same year and thus forced Hannibal to give up his intentions on Nola. In the following two years, 215 and 214 BC The Roman general allegedly won two more victories over Hannibal at Nola. The more credible Polybios , on the other hand, reports that Hannibal did not suffer any defeat as long as he was in Italy. So it should be Marcellus 216 BC. Chr. By the timely occupation of Nola only managed to withdraw the city from Hannibal's grasp and to maintain it in the following period. However, this modest Roman success rebuilt the moral resistance of the Romans after their numerous defeats in the initial phase of the Second Punic War and was therefore later repeatedly spent as Hannibal's first defeat.

When the alliance war broke out in 90 BC As an important place because of its proximity to the Samnite border, Nola received a Roman garrison of 2,000 men under the command of the praetor Lucius Postumius . However, the city was betrayed to the Samnite leader Gaius Papius Mutilus and has since been an important fortress of the Samnites in Campania . 89 BC Nola granted refuge to the remains of the army of the Italian leader Lucius Cluentius, which had been defeated by Sulla . Even after most of the allies made peace with Rome, Nola continued to resist. A Roman army was still besieging the city when the first civil war broke out between Gaius Marius and Sulla. The Samnites defending Nola joined the party of Marius and Cinna . Only after Sulla's final triumph and the complete destruction of Samnite power was the dictator Nola able to manage 80 BC. To conquer. The city was probably punished severely; Sulla divided their fertile territory among his victorious soldiers. 73 BC It was sacked by the men of Spartacus .

A second colony was given to Nola by the first Roman emperor Augustus . He died here on August 19, 14 AD on a family estate after his return from Benevento , where he had accompanied Tiberius . Tiberius converted the house of death into a temple in his memory. The emperors Vespasian and Nerva also settled veterans in Nola.

In the early 5th century, the priest and later bishop Paulinus von Nola worked in the city, which has been the bishopric since the 2nd century (see also: List of Bishops of Nola ). 410 AD Nola was devastated by the Goths under Alaric . However, it apparently remained rich until the Vandal King Geiserich completely destroyed it in 455 and had its inhabitants sold into captivity.

On July 7th, 1460, Johann von Anjou , Duke of Calabria, won over Ferdinand of Aragon at Nola . In 1548 the philosopher Giordano Bruno was born in Nola.

economy

The city lives mainly from the food industry , services and trade. Of particular importance is the industrial area CIS Interporto-Vulcano Buono and Alstom - repair shop . Nola is one of the locations in and around Naples for the Italian aircraft industry . Leonardo builds aircraft components in Nola and Pomigliano d'Arco . The airports of Naples-Capodichino and Capua are also important in this context .

sons and daughters of the town

literature

Web links

Commons : Nola  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ↑ archemail: Chronology of the excavations ( Memento of the original from November 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Italian) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.archemail.it
  3. ↑ Iustinus , Epitoma historiarum Philippicarum Pompei Trogi 20, 1, 13; Silius Italicus , Punica 12, 161.
  4. ↑ Hekataios, FGrH 1, F 61 with Stephanos of Byzantium , Ethnika , s. Nola .
  5. ↑ Cato, fragment from Origines , Book 3 in Velleius Paterculus , Historia Romana 1, 7, 3.
  6. ↑ Lawrence Richardson Jr .:  Nola . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
  7. ↑ Richardson speaks of systematic looting of the graves: Lawrence Richardson Jr .:  Nola . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
  8. ^ Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Antiquitates Romanae 15, 5.
  9. ↑ Titus Livius , Ab urbe condita 8, 23, 1; Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Antiquitates Romanae 15, 5.
  10. ↑ Livy, Ab urbe condita 9, 28, 3-6; Diodor , Bibliothḗkē historikḗ 19, 101.
  11. ↑ Livy, Ab urbe condita 23, 14-17; Plutarch, Marcellus 10 f.
  12. ↑ Livy, Ab urbe condita 23, 42–46 and 24, 17; Plutarch, Marcellus 12.
  13. ↑ Polybios, Historíai 15, 11, 7 and 15, 16, 5.
  14. ^ Friedrich Münzer : Claudius 220. In: Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswwissenschaft (RE). Volume III, 2, Stuttgart 1899, Col. 2741.
  15. ^ Livius, Ab urbe condita , Periocha to Book 73; Appian , Civil Wars 1, 42.
  16. ^ Appian, Civil Wars 1:50 .
  17. ↑ Velleius Paterculus, Historia Romana 2, 17 f.
  18. ↑ Livy, Ab urbe condita , Periocha to Book 89.
  19. ↑ Florus , Epitoma de Tito Livio 2, 8, 5.
  20. ↑ Suetonius , Augustus 98, 5 and 100, 2; Suetonius, Tiberius 40; Velleius Paterculus, Historia Romana 2, 123, 2; Tacitus , Annals 1, 5; Cassius Dio , Roman History 56, 29, 2.
  21. ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History 56, 46, 3.
  22. ^ Augustine , De civitate Dei 1, 10.
  23. ↑ Lo stabilimento Alenia Aermacchi di Nola si Rinnova. analisidifesa.it, July 23, 2013