Horní Litvínov

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Horní Litvínov
Horní Litvínov does not have a coat of arms
Horní Litvínov (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Ústecký kraj
District : Must
Municipality : Litvínov
Area : 596.8341 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 37 '  N , 13 ° 38'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 36 '42 "  N , 13 ° 37' 33"  E
Height: 320  m nm
Residents : 15,673 (2011)
Postal code : 436 01
License plate : U
traffic
Street: Most - Dubí
Railway connection: Most – Moldava
Děčín – Litvínov

Horní Litvínov ( German  Ober Leutensdorf , also Oberleutensdorf ) is a district and the main town of Litvínov in the Czech Republic .

geography

location

Náměstí Míru (Market Square)

Horní Litvínov is ten kilometers north of Most at the foot of the southern slope of the Ore Mountains . The location is on a hill between the Bílý potok (raft , formerly gold river ) and Divoký potok (torrent) on the edge of the North Bohemian basin . To the north rise the Studenec ( Höllberg , 878 m), the Strelná ( Hohe Schuß , 868 m), the Loučná ( Wieselstein , 956 m) and the Markův kopec ( Horteberg , 662 m), to the west the Lounický kopec (442 m) and in the northwest of the Lounický vrch (535 m) and the Holubí vrch ( Nitschenberg , 716 m). Road I / 27 between Dubí and Most runs through Horní Litvínov . Horní Litvínov is also connected to the city of Most by a tram . The railway line Most – Moldava runs on the southern outskirts , in Horní Litvínov the Děčín – Litvínov ends .

Neighboring towns are Meziboří the north, Dlouhá Louka , Litvínov Osada, Horní Lom and Loučná in the Northeast, Lom in the east, Louka u Litvínova the southeast, Dolní Litvínov and Záluží in the south, Dolní Jiřetín and Horní Jiřetín in the southwest, Chudeřín and Písečná in the west and Horní Ves and Šumná in the northwest.

Local division

The settlements Litvínov Osada and Koldům also belong to the Horní Litvínov cadastral district.

history

The first written mention of the parish village Lutwyni villa took place in 1352 in the papal tithe register Registrum decimarum . The first known owners were the Gablencz brothers in 1357. In other mentions from the end of the 14th century, the place was referred to as Lutwinow , Luthwhiniuvilla and Litwinow . In 1391 one part of the village belonged to Thimo von Colditz , the other part of the giant castle . Because of over-indebtedness, the Borso d. Ä. and Borso d. J. von Riesenburg in 1398 sell the rule Riesenburg to Margrave Wilhelm I of Meissen . The villages Leutmansdorf and Niderleutmansdorf were also mentioned , the latter belonging to Peter and Hans Groß as a fiefdom.

Rynart Rabicar was the owner of the Lutmersdorf farm between 1409 and 1411. In the Treaty of Eger from 1459, by which the rule Riesenburg back part was the Kingdom of Bohemia, both Nedir Leutnnansdorf and Leutmannsdorf listed. Both feudal estates were then handed over by King George of Podiebrad to people whose name has not been passed down. 1505 was otherwise mentioned in Oberlautmansdorff Swrchni Litwinow a festival with a court; At the same time, a consistent distinction between the two villages began with the prefixes upper and lower . In 1509 Kaspar von Jahn sold the Oberlautmansdorff fortress with all its accessories to Sigismund von Dubany. The following owners were from 1532 Mikuláš Velemyšlský of Velemyšleves, then Nikolaus von Knobelshof and from 1542 again the knights of Jahn. The latter sold the estate in 1589 to the owner of the Dux estate , Wenzel Popel von Lobkowicz . In 1608 he united the goods Niedergeorgenthal , Niederleutensdorf and Oberleutensdorf into one rule and joined this to the rule Dux. From the Berní rula of 1654 it can be seen that the rule consisted only of relatively small villages. Oberleutensdorf consisted of 20 farmers and four Chalupners, Lindau of 14 farmers, Rosenthal of three farmers and eleven Chalupners, and Niederleutensdorf of 17 farmers and four Chalupners. The widow and heiress of Franz Joseph Popel von Lobkowicz, Polyxena Marie von Talmberg , married Maximilian von Waldstein , who inherited her extensive property in 1642. In 1680 Johann Friedrich von Waldstein raised the lordships of Dux and Oberleutensdorf to a family affide . At the end of the 17th century, the Counts of Waldstein had a manor house built in place of the old fortress based on plans by Giovanni Domenico Canevalle.

Horní Litvínov Castle

In 1715 Johann Josef von Waldstein had the cloth, Casimir and Circas manufactory set up and brought in specialists from England and Holland to run them. On May 7, 1715, Ober-Leitensdorf was raised to a market town by King Charles II and was given the right to seal and coat of arms. The success of the wool weaving manufactory led not only to the economic boom and growth of the place, but also of the surrounding area. From 1732 Franz Josef von Waldstein had the manor house replaced by a baroque palace. In 1775, Emanuel Philibert von Waldstein-Wartenberg had an orphanage built in his last will at the textile factory, to which the twelve orphanages of the Dux hospital were also transferred.

Franz Adam von Waldstein-Wartenberg took Ferdinand Römheld in 1818 as a partner of the k. k. priv. Counts Waldsteinschen Feintuchfabrik zu Oberleutensdorf. Römheld modernized and managed the company.

In 1831 Ober-Leitensdorf consisted of 260 houses with 2146 German-speaking residents, including a Jewish family. At the beginning of 1832, 808 people were active in trade and commerce. Four annual fairs were held at which in 106 stalls and 15 stalls by 134 domestic sellers mainly silk, cotton and haberdashery goods, canvas, cloth, lace, ribbons, stocking goods, hats, leather, shoemaker's, saddler's, furrier's and Belt work as well as steel, iron, sheet metal and pottery were offered for sale. Lignite was mined by the lordship near Ober-Leitensdorf by means of an inheritance tunnel and driving shaft . In the village there was the stately castle, the parish church of St. Michael, a school, an orphanage, the stately cloth and casimir factory, the turning goods factory Müller & Tribler with 60 employees, a cloth and fulled stocking mill, a brewery, a brandy distillery, a shepherd's farm, the alum factory, whose tunnel water was used as a mineral bath , as well as a grinder. Ober-Leitensdorf was the parish for Nieder-Leitensdorf , Wiesa , Sandel , Bettelgrüna , Oberdorf , Rauschengrund , Zettel , Schönbach , Rascha , Göhra and Launitz . The place was the seat of a qualified mining court substitute who exercised jurisdiction over the entire mining industry of the Dux rule with Ober-Leitensdorf and Maltheuer . Economically, Ober-Leitensdorf was the most important place of the Dux rule. Until the middle of the 19th century, Ober-Leitensdorf remained subordinate to the Fideikommissherrschaft Dux .

After the lifting of patrimonial formed upper Leitendorf 1850 with the districts Wiesa, Schönenbach, Bettelgrüna, Hammer , Oberdorf, noise floor, Sandl, Zettl and Rascha a town in Leitmeritzer circuit and jurisdiction Brüx. On August 5, 1852 Oberleutensdorf was raised to the city. In the middle of the 19th century, the worsted spinning and weaving mill Römheld & Co had over 200 employees. In 1860 the city had 3,181 inhabitants. From 1868 Oberleutensdorf belonged to the Brüx district . In 1872, the Dux-Bodenbacher Eisenbahn took up rail traffic on the Bodenbach – Komotau line . At the end of the 19th century, advancing industrialization and prospering lignite mining led to a population explosion in the North Bohemian Basin . From 1884, the Prague-Duxer Railway operated rail traffic on the Brüx – Ossegg line . In 1898 Wiesa broke up and formed its own community. On August 5, 1901, the electric tram service between Brüx and Johnsdorf was started. In 1905 Bettelgrün and Hammer became independent. On January 4, 1905, the city became the seat of the newly established judicial district of Oberleutensdorf and was awarded a district court and tax office. From 1913 on, Schönbach and Rauschengrund (with Oberdorf and Sandl) also formed their own communities. In 1930 there were 9810 people in Oberleutensdorf, including 2302 Czechs. As a result of the Munich Agreement , the city was added to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the district of Brüx until 1945 . In 1939 Oberleutensdorf had 8,284 inhabitants. In 1941 Maltheuern and Niederleutensdorf were incorporated with Lindau , and in 1943 Bergesgrün was added again. After the end of World War II, Dolní Litvínov broke away from Horní Litvínov. Due to the Beneš decrees , the German population was largely expropriated and expelled from May 1945 . In 1947 Dolní Litvínov and Šumná were again incorporated. In 1949 the city was named Litvínov ; the core village Horní Litvínov became the district Litvínov I and Litvínov Osada became the district Litvínov VI .

In 1971 the rail traffic between Horní Litvínov and Jirkov was stopped because of an open- cast brown coal mine.

Development of the population

year population
1869 3225
1880 3813
1890 5167
1900 8810
1910 9842
year population
1921 9429
1930 9810
1950 14042
1961 17409
1970 20470
year population
1980 20643
1991 17841
2001 16767
2011 15673

Attractions

new town hall
  • Horní Litvínov chateau ; the four-wing baroque building was built between 1732 and 1743 according to plans by Franz Maximilian Kaňka for Franz Josef von Waldstein.
  • Baroque deanery church of St. Michael; it was built between 1684 and 1695 at the instigation of Archbishop Johann Friedrich von Waldstein according to plans by Jean Baptiste Mathey instead of an older predecessor. The altarpiece is a work by Karel Škréta for 3,000 guilders . In the adjoining cemetery is the Gräflich Waldstein Chapel of the Dead, built in Empire style for Franz Adam von Waldstein-Wartenberg in 1823, with a memorial to the deceased by the Dresden sculptor Franz Pettrich .
  • Bílý sloup , a 3.50 m high historical landmark , was in Chudeřín until 1925 and was demolished for the construction of house no. Two of the three segments were later erected as bollards on the road to Klíny, the third is missing. In 2005 the original location could be determined.
  • Old town hall, built in 1789
  • New town hall, built in the mid-1930s
  • Dean's office, baroque building from the 18th century
  • Baroque Trinity column and statue of Samson in the Voigt Gardens, created in the 18th century
  • Mansion; the rococo building was last used as a polyclinic
  • Secession style houses at ul. Smetanova and ul. Tržní
  • Osada residential district; The settlement was built during the German occupation on behalf of the Reichswerke Hermann Göring in the Rimpl construction office according to plans by Günther Marschall and represents an ensemble of housing development from this period that is interesting in terms of urban planning.
  • Koldům (Kolektivní dům) ; the residential complex between Osada and Horní Lom was built between 1949 and 1958 according to plans by Václav Hilský and Evžen Linhart. It is considered to be one of the most important avant-garde buildings in Czechoslovak post-war architecture and has been declared a technical monument.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

Lived and worked in the place

Honorary citizen

  • 1925, Franz Xaver Klausnitzer, former mayor

literature

  • Ludwig Schlesinger: To the history of the industry in Oberleutensdorf . In: Communications from the Association for the History of Germans in Bohemia . Volume 3, Prague 1865, pp. 87-92 and pp. 133-148 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/686042/Horni-Litvinov
  2. ↑ a b Historický lexikon obcí České republiky - 1869–2015. (PDF) Český statistický úřad, December 18, 2015, accessed on February 17, 2016 (Czech).
  3. ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer: The Kingdom of Bohemia, Vol. 1: Leitmeritzer circle. 1833, pp. 143-144.
  4. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Brüx (Czech. Most). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  5. ↑ http://litvinov.sator.eu/ategorie/litvinov/v-castech-obce/chuderin/detektivka-kolem-bileho-sloupu