Prießnitz (Elbe)
| Priessnitz | ||
 The Prießnitz in the Albertstadt district of Dresden |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 537196 | |
| location | Saxony | |
| River system | Elbe | |
| Drain over | Elbe → North Sea | |
| source | at Rossendorf 51 ° 3 ′ 39 ″ N , 13 ° 56 ′ 40 ″ E |
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| Source height | 281 m above sea level NN | |
| muzzle | in the Dresden district of Äußere Neustadt in the Elbe Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 42 ″ N , 13 ° 45 ′ 45 ″ E 51 ° 3 ′ 42 ″ N , 13 ° 45 ′ 45 ″ E |
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| Mouth height | 105 m above sea level NN | |
| Height difference | 176 m | |
| Bottom slope | 6.9 ‰ | |
| length | 25.4 km | |
| Catchment area | 51 km² | |
| Big cities | Dresden | |
| Small towns | Radeberg | |
The Prießnitz is a right tributary of the Elbe in Saxony . With the exception of a short stretch of its upper course, the 25.4 km long Prießnitz lies in the area of the city of Dresden , in whose district it rises and also flows into the Elbe. A large part of the course of the river lies in the landscape protection area Dresdner Heide , only about 500 meters are piped shortly before the mouth in the inner-city settlement area.
course
The Prießnitz rises at a height of 281 m above sea level. NN in the vicinity of the research center on the corridors of Rossendorf , part of the town of Schönfeld-Weißig in the extreme east of Dresden , and initially flows roughly to the northwest for more than the first half of its course within the Radeberger Land , i.e. parallel to the Elbe. Immediately after the source, it feeds the Rossendorfer pond , and then briefly runs into the Ullersdorf area. On the following three kilometers it forms the city limit to Radeberg and occurs at the Todmühle near Weißig at 240 m above sea level. NN finally to the Dresden city area. Now the Prießnitz flows through the Dresden Heath, which belongs to the Loschwitz district , and passes the Heidemühle on its way . From here on, the river is accompanied on its further course through the heath by a paved forest path, the Prießnitztalstraße .
In the northwest of the forest area, just before Klotzsche , it turns to 159 m above sea level. NN sharp to the south and strives from here towards the Elbe. A longer section of their valley forms the eastern border of the industrial site , which already belongs to the Neustadt district or the suburb of the same name. Past the barracks of the Army Officers' School and the Military History Museum in Albertstadt , the Prießnitz reaches the densely built-up area of New Town, which it flows through on the last two kilometers of its course.
First of all, it follows the street An der Prießnitz , then bends briefly to the left and runs under the western section of Jägerstraße in a tunnel. From the Kraszewski Museum , it flows roughly southwards parallel to Prießnitzstraße and forms the border between the Radeberger Vorstadt and the Outer Neustadt . After the Prießnitz has flowed around the peninsula on which the Prießnitzaue street is located, it reaches its second subterranean canal section on Bautzner Straße opposite the Diakonissenhauskirche. The confluence of the Prießnitz in the Elbe is, shortly after it comes to the surface again, at the deaconess hospital at 105 m above sea level. NN . It overcomes a height difference of 175 meters over a length of approx. 25 kilometers.
geomorphology
Pre-glacial Urprießnitz
According to a theory by geologists at the Bergakademie Freiberg , the Elbe flowed further north via Dresden-Klotzsche and Ottendorf-Okrilla , where there are abundant deposits of fluvial Elbe sands, before the Lusatian Fault began to form at the end of the Cretaceous period . The confluence of the Urprießnitz in this pre-glacial Senftenberg Elbe run must have been located around today's Prießnitzknick east of Klotzsche .
Postglacial Prießnitz
Valley shapes
First of all, today's Prießnitz flows in a flat Mulde valley . This is bounded in the upper part of its course by Hempelsberg and Hutberg . In the Dresdner Heide the situation does not change for the time being. Just below the Breite Furt , however, the Prießnitz forms a valley , the Prießnitzgrund , which is initially quite narrow, but quickly gaining depth . At the Heidemühle , it then begins to meander again , which is why impact and sliding slopes are now well developed. Here the valley is only 15 meters deep. In the area around Klotzsche, the Prießnitzgrund reaches a depth of 30 meters, at the exit from the Lausitzer Platte even 40 meters. In the Albertstadt area, the valley quickly becomes flatter and wider again. Here you leave the Heidesand terrace and reach the Elbe Valley. The Prießnitz is now approaching the Elbe in a shallow depression.
Underground
Determining the current course of the Prießnitz is the backfilling of the alluvial fan of the Dresdner Heide by the meltwater south of the glacier edge of the Elster Ice Age . It dug itself into the sandy soil of the entire heather area. The Lusatian granodiorite below appears briefly in the bed of the Prießnitz near Klotzsche and creates the small Prießnitz waterfall on a fault line . About 8 kilometers above its mouth, it crosses the Lusatian Fault , leaving its previous subsoil, the Lusatian plate , to enter the Elbe valley . Initially, the Prießnitz runs through a narrow strip between the two with the central terrace, which is why the Prießnitzgrund is still characterized by sandy slopes. In the Elbe valley itself, it moves on its own or fluvial deposits of the Elbe.
River tapping and formation of the Prießnitz waterfall
The strange course of today's Prießnitz is probably due to the rare geomorphological process of river tapping . The north-west facing upper course on the Lusatian granite slab was probably continued several 10,000 years ago in what is now the Promnitz Valley and was thus tributary to the Großer Röder . As a river of the plateau, the upper course had only a moderate gradient and little erosion force. In contrast, today's Prießnitzunterlauf, which was already heading for the nearby, deep-lying Elbe, worked its way into the sandy soil much more vigorously. Due to the rearward erosion, he cut the high-lying Röder tributary sideways at today's Prießnitzknick east of Klotzsche and diverted it south to the Elbe. As a result, the gradient and erosion of the upper course increased, which consequently created a uniform valley until it encountered the granodiorite fault described in the subsurface section and exposed it. Therefore, the erosion slowed down again in the upper reaches, but it continued unhindered in the lower reaches. As a result of these processes, a step up to several meters high, which is now known as the Prießnitz waterfall , arose at the interface at the fault .
Creation of the Neustädter alluvial cone
The long erosion processes meant that the Prießnitz brought large amounts of material into the Elbe Valley. This was mainly deposited on the right bank of the Elbe below the Prießnitz estuary. This gradually created the alluvial cone in the form of the Elbe arch around the Neustadt, on which Sorbian settlers founded the later town of Altendresden in the Middle Ages . Seen in this way, the activities of the Prießnitz were decisive for the layout of the city of Dresden.
Nature of the Prießnitzgrund
Floors
In the notched valley valleys of the Prießnitz and its tributaries in the northeast, there are wet floodplain soils that are close to the groundwater and are rich in humus and alluvial material. In the oxbow lakes of the Prießnitz, peat-rich, very nutrient-rich bog soils develop, some of which are under pressure from the swelling due to the infiltration process on the sandy soils above the valleys.
flora
In the valley of the Prießnitz there is a very extensive and changeable vegetation in all forest layers, which also changes in the course of the valley. In the vicinity of the waterfall, where the valley has no substantial bottom, canyon forests grow on south-facing slopes that start on the bank. In addition to the spruce, the sycamore maple is also represented there . This is otherwise mainly represented in up to high-montane locations in the low mountain ranges in Germany. Fir trees were originally widespread.
Where a bed with partly moor-like areas has formed next to the river, you can find black alder, silver birch , ash , alder , red oak and at the edge of the bed at the transition to the surrounding forest communities red beech, pine, sycamore and spruce in the tree- and shrub layer. The tree layer is partially interrupted by bog-like spring areas and the bodies of water, and so there are also species that need light, such as aspen, growing in exposed areas.
The herb layer there is particularly rich in species with protected species such as marsh marigold , round-leaved sundew , marsh iris , water feathers and others. Sunny places on a slope or on the ground favor the occurrence of the great balsam . In the side valleys, the herb layer also contains more montane plant species such as black loosestrife or mountain speedwell .
fauna
In the Prießnitz, which is used by the DAV as angling waters, you can find brown trout as part of the ichthyofauna, as well as the endangered fish species the brook lamprey and bullhead . Low domestic water Pets amphipods (amphipods) and flatworms (turbellaria). Birds also have their habitat on or in the river. Thus, mallards , wagtails , kingfishers , Gimpel and wrens found. Rare is the dippers .
protection
The Prießnitz flows over a length of more than 15 kilometers, the existing since 1969 conservation area Dresdner Heide. Several individual sections of the river within the heather are also under protection. These are the Dresden natural monuments old arms of the Prießnitz (ND 4) and Prießnitz waterfall and bank slopes (ND 6, since 1967). A right tributary of the Prießnitz, the Ullersdorfer Dorfwasser , is also designated as an area natural monument (ND 3).
The Prießnitzgrund with its special locations is designated as a European Fauna-Flora-Habitat Area (FFH). This area runs through the entire Dresdner Heide from the east in the arch of the river to the Prießnitz valley viaduct (formerly Carolabrücke ) of the Stauffenbergallee in the southwest. It records the river, the valley floor and the differently pronounced slopes and parts of the side valleys. Protection objectives there are the preservation of near-natural river sections, the swamp forests, peat bog gullies and herbaceous vegetation as well as the preservation of habitats for endangered species of fauna. In relation to the river in particular, measures of near-natural bank design, slowing down and permeability go hand in hand. In the surrounding area, monocultural forest areas are being redesigned to be closer to nature. The grassland areas must be maintained through extensive cultivation (mowing alternating annually as a countermeasure against accumulation). In relation to the recreational function of the Dresdner Heide, avoiding further recreational use of the area is mentioned as a protective measure.
Water flow
The normal water flow of the Prießnitz is a little more than 30 liters per second even in dry periods on its lower reaches. This is due to the constant entry of their tributaries. It must be noted that some of the water seeps into the sandy subsoil. The Prießnitz is also the only heather river that neither rises in this forest area nor flows into another body of water in its area. It is also by far the longest and richest body of water that flows through the forest. Both points are mutually dependent. The Prießnitz is an absolute exception because of its high flow rate compared to other heathland brooks in that its water cannot completely seep into the heather sand.
Nevertheless, as a result of heavy rain events, floods occur again and again, in which the river can carry more than one cubic meter of water per second. Severe damage in the Prießnitzgrund is known from the years 1854, 1876, 1897 and 1926. Particularly remembered is the flood in August 2002 , when parts of the Neustadt were flooded, which was partly due to the backflow of the Prießnitz water, which hit the high Elbe level.
In the summers of 2015, 2018 and 2020, the Prießnitz fell dry in some parts of its course due to persistent dry periods .
Tributaries
The Prießnitz has about 35 smaller tributaries. Some of these bodies of water only carry water temporarily or very rarely reach the Prießnitz, as they usually seep into the water-permeable heather sand beforehand . The following list contains a selection.
Backwaters from the right
- Kleinerkmannsdorfer water
- Ullersdorfer village water
- Schwarzwasser with Brillebach
- Metzenborn River
- Hellborn
- Stone groundwater
- Black-picture-water
- Flour rivers
- Nesselgrundbach
- Kretzschelgrundbach
Backwaters from the left
- Weißiger Dorfbach
- Haarweidenbach
- Augustusborn
- Dreibörnerbach
- Bad hole water
- Saugartenbach
- Kaltenborn
- Schwedenschluchtbach
- Melzerquelle
- Push source
- Sand Gorge Stream
- Basement river
- Lindigt River
history
Surname
The name Prießnitz is derived from West Slavic * -breza = "birch" and * -nica = "place". Loosely translated it is the “Bach am Birkenort”. The river was mentioned in 1441 as Breßynicz and in 1527 as Brißenitz .
See also names with a similar origin: Briesnitz , Brießnitz , Briese , Briesen , Priesen , Großpriesen
colonization
The area on the Prießnitz was already settled in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, as various finds confirm. The Sorbian influence in their area remained generally quite low, as in the 12th century during the Ostsiedlung was cleared in part. Although the Prießnitz has actually been in urban Dresden territory for almost its entire course since a wave of incorporation in 1999, it runs through either sparsely populated areas or unpopulated areas except for its inner-city section shortly before the confluence.
Previous use
The Prießnitz water was used probably already in the late Middle Ages to mills to drive. In 1671, a cutting mill that has now disappeared was mentioned in Prießnitzgrund near Klotzsche, but its exact location can no longer be localized. Other mills are the Ullersdorfer Todmühle and the two Heidemühlen that existed one after the other. In addition, precious metals were searched for in the Prießnitzgrund during the 17th and 18th centuries. The walled-up mouth hole of a former silver gallery near the Klotzscher Waldbad is a reminder of these mining activities. Around 1770 gold was even panned in the Prießnitz. For a long time fish were also bred here, for example at the Heidemühle. Furthermore, the Prießnitz water has a healing effect, which is why it fed several baths near the river. This affected the Prießnitzbad in the Neustadt, which had been in operation since 1831 , the Klotzsche forest bath and the bath at the Heidemühle.
Historic bridges
The course of the Prießnitz through the Dresdner Heide is also known for its many historical stone bridges, some of which date from the 16th century. These include in the upper section, for example, the death bridge on Ullersdorfer Straße, the Große Hengstbrücke on the Radeberger Landstraße, Kuhschwanz-, Schweden- and Kannenhenkelbrücke, Obere and Untere Wettinbrücke and the Andersbrücke. In its lower part of the heather, the water is crossed by the Klotzscher Death Bridge, the Kutten, Cellar and Kitchen Bridges.
Development in the urban area
In the course of Stauffenbergallee , the 23 m high and 75 m long Prießnitz Valley Viaduct (formerly the Carolabrücke ) spans the entire Prießnitzgrund. This arch bridge was built from 1873 for the great military road in Albertstadt. From that time on there were also powder magazines and bunkers in this area, which were connected to the adjacent, newly built barracks complex and which disappeared again after 1918. In its Neustadt part, the Prießnitz was partially banished underground and built over over the years.
literature
- Theodor Arldt: Dresdner Heide, in: Our little traveling booklet, Heft 9, Dresden 1952
- Dresdner Heide, Pillnitz, Radeberger Land (= values of our homeland . Volume 27). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1976.
- State Association of Saxon Heritage Protection: Dresdner Heide, Berg- und Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2006
Web links
- Prießnitzgrund
- Action plan Prießnitzgrund (PDF file; 74 kB)
See also
List of bodies of water in Saxony
Footnotes
- ↑ a b Prießnitz water body profile. (PDF; 6.6 MB) In: Dresden themed city map . State capital Dresden, The Lord Mayor, Environment Office, accessed on May 9, 2020 (as of September 30, 2011).
- ↑ Sedimentology field internship, Ottendorf-Okrilla gravel works , 17. – 21. March 2003, Institute for Geology, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg
- ↑ Stratigraphic table of the Elbe Sandstone Mountains , Saxon State Office for Environment and Geology ( Memento from January 9, 2018 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Quartz storage facility of our delivery plant in Laußnitz (formerly Ottendorf-Okrilla). Euroquarz , accessed on May 9, 2020 .
- ↑ Abridged version of MaP 161 “Prießnitzgrund”. State Office for Environment and Geology , accessed on May 9, 2020 .
- ^ Anton Launer: Prießnitz dried out. In: Neustadt-Geflüster , August 10, 2015.
- ^ Anton Launer: Prießnitz without water. In: Neustadt-Geflüster , August 10, 2020.