Topography of Terror

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New building for the Topography of Terror Foundation, 2010

The Topography of Terror is a project in Berlin that has existed since 1987 to document and come to terms with the terror caused by National Socialism in Germany, particularly during the period from 1933 to 1945 . This includes a permanent exhibition in the new building and an open-air exhibition on the site of the former Prinz-Albrecht-Straße  8 (today: Niederkirchnerstraße 8 ) in the Kreuzberg district . There was the headquarters of the Secret State Police (Gestapo) in the former arts and crafts school. In the immediate vicinity was the Prinz-Albrecht-Palais at Wilhelmstrasse 102, which had been the headquarters of the SS Security Service (SD) since 1934 and the Reich Main Security Office (RSHA) from 1939 .

The former Hotel Prinz Albrecht , Prinz-Albrecht-Straße 9 , was the seat of Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler from 1934 . This building complex was in 1983 by IBA -directors Josef Paul Kleihues and the Berlin CDU at first under the term "Prinz-Albrecht-terrain" together, since 1987, the current name has prevailed. The documentation center at Niederkirchnerstrasse 8 is one of the state museums in Berlin . The site is centrally located between Anhalter Bahnhof , Potsdamer Platz and the historic city center (the area around the Brandenburg Gate follows a little to the north ). The long-standing director of the foundation was the historian Andreas Nachama , who retired at the end of November 2019. On January 1, 2020, Andrea Riedle , who holds a PhD in history and was previously head of the scientific department and deputy head of the memorial at the Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial , will succeed him.

history

Prinz-Albrecht-Palais in Wilhelmstrasse, around 1837
Secret State Police Main Office, Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse 8 , 1933

After the ruins were demolished in the 1950s, the area was used, among other things, for a decade and a half as a driving practice area (operator: "Straps-Harry") and as a dump for the Kreuzberg area renovation. The first exhibition on the topography of terror was created for the 750th anniversary of Berlin in 1987 and was subsequently continued. The investigative work for the organization of the exhibition led to a documentation center that collected further evidence about the terror of the National Socialists in Germany.

A foundation for the construction and maintenance of a documentation center with an attached permanent exhibition has existed since 1992. The managing director was the historian and rabbi Andreas Nachama. The plans to erect a memorial on the site of the former Gestapo headquarters date back to 1978. The Berlin architecture critic Dieter Hoffmann-Axthelm was one of the first to point out the importance of the former Gestapo site in essays and reports that year , SD and RSHA centers.

Zumthor design

The Swiss architect Peter Zumthor won the 1993 tender for the museum complex on Niederkirchnerstrasse . The request in the tender for a simple form that only envelops the space that should speak for itself was resolved by him by adopting the formal language of the barracks of the temporary exhibition. With its concrete beam structure, the concept was reminiscent of a skeleton barrack, which, however, let in a lot of light through the glazed gaps, with regular shadows running through the room.

During implementation, the architectural work of art was significantly more expensive than expected. The unusual structure alone resulted in additional technical costs. The construction company commissioned for the structure became insolvent, and no other company could be found that could build it for a capped price. The city of Berlin could not bear any additional costs, not even for a reduced version "Zumthor II" with three to five million euros more, and the full assumption of cost responsibility by the federal government was delayed for years.

After 15 years, the historian Reinhard Rürup resigned as Scientific Director of the Topography of Terror Foundation in protest in March 2004 . The immediate reason was that "the funds approved by the federal government a few years ago for the preparation of the initial construction of the new building will no longer be paid out." He also threw the responsible representatives in the state and federal authorities a "noticeable disinterest" and a "lukewarm at best." Support ”.

The state of Berlin finally parted ways with Zumthor in a dispute. However, he received a severance payment on the basis of contractual agreements. The three stair towers of the museum building on the former Gestapo site, which had already been built for 13.8 million euros, remained a torso. After Zumthor's constitutional complaint was rejected and despite protests from architects, these were demolished in winter 2004.

New architectural competition 2005

Open-air exhibition Topography of Terror , above the former Berlin Wall , 2008

In June 2005 a new architectural competition was launched. Out of 309 submitted and 23 selected designs, the architect Ursula Wilms from the Berlin office of Heinle, Wischer and Partner and the landscape architect Heinz W. Hallmann finally won in January 2006 . The design envisaged a two-storey, cuboid, glass-walled building with a floor space of 3500 m² and a ground floor and a basement. 15 million euros were available for the construction. Another five to nine million euros were used both for the interior and for the renovation of the outdoor area, half of which was borne by the federal government and half by the state of Berlin. The architect estimated a maximum of 20 million euros and a construction time of two years.

While, on the one hand, the end of the twelve-year postponement of development planning was welcomed, on the other hand, they regretted the "lost opportunity" to create a total work of art .

Construction of the new documentation center began on November 2, 2007; completion was originally planned for the 65th anniversary of the end of the war on May 8, 2010.

building

Aerial view of the new building

The open-air exhibition in the moat along the preserved cellar walls was retained and covered with glass. The permanent exhibition room covers 800 m² and explains the development and functioning of the security apparatus in the Nazi regime. A conference or event room in the rear area offers space for 199 participants. In the southern section of the site there is a grove of robinia , a remnant of “Harry's Autodrom” from the 1970s, while the rest of the open space is covered with railway gravel. A metal lamellar facade is attached around the low-rise building, which allows a clear view of the surroundings. In the basement there are seminar rooms, a library with 25,000 volumes, space for around two school classes and offices for 17 employees of the foundation.

The Documentation Center was officially opened on May 6, 2010 by then Federal President Horst Köhler .

Exhibitions

Permanent exhibitions

Topography of Terror. Gestapo, SS and Reich Security Main Office in Wilhelm- and Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse

Exhibition hall in the Nazi documentation center Topography of Terror, 2010

The permanent exhibition “Topography of Terror. Gestapo, SS and Reich Security Main Office in Wilhelm- and Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse ”has been presented in the building since May 7, 2010 - in a fundamentally revised and redesigned version on an area of ​​800 m².

The focus of the German and English-language exhibition is on the central institutions of the SS and the police in the “ Third Reich ” and the crimes they committed across Europe . In addition to the representation of the terror system, the consideration of numerous groups of victims of the Nazi regime plays an important role.

Berlin 1933–1945. Between propaganda and terror

Exhibition trench on Niederkirchnerstrasse with remains of the Berlin Wall (building in the background, from left: Martin-Gropius-Bau , Berlin House of Representatives , Federal Ministry of Finance )

The exhibition trench along the exposed cellar wall remains on Niederkirchnerstrasse (former Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse) will continue to be used for outdoor presentations, probably from spring to autumn.

Since the late summer of 2010, a German and English-language permanent exhibition on “Berlin 1933–1945. Between Propaganda and Terror ”, which addresses the historical role of Berlin as the capital of the“ Third Reich ”.

The historical site Topography of Terror . A tour of the terrain in 15 stations

Uncovered building remains on the Prinz Albrecht site, 2010

With the opening of the new documentation center in May 2010, the entire area of ​​the "Topography of Terror" is accessible again and its content is made accessible through an information system.

The tour of the site, which is mainly based on the exposed remains of the building, includes 15 stations. Information elements and an audio tour provide an overview of the history of the historical site "Topography of Terror", the use of the site in the Nazi era and the post-war period, as well as basic information about the Nazi terror institutions that were located here during the "Third Reich".

Also integrated in the walk around the grounds are the listed remains of the Berlin Wall and the previously inaccessible and partially preserved historical sidewalk on the former Prinz-Albrecht-Straße, located directly on the wall.

Special and changing exhibitions

"Kristallnacht" - Anti-Jewish Terror 1938. Events and Remembrance (2018/2019)

The exhibition deals with the November terror of 1938 and its history. The stages from the discrimination against German Jews since 1933 to the Holocaust are presented. The focus is on photo documents of the anti-Jewish terror in November 1938 from six selected locations ( Berlin , Bremen , Brühl , Glatz an der Neisse , Guntersblum , Hof an der Saale ). The politics of remembrance of the November terror after 1945 are then discussed.

The title of the exhibition takes up the expression "Kristallnacht", which was used for the burning down of synagogues, the looting and destruction of Jewish shops and apartments, the imprisonment and murder of thousands of Jews on 9/10. Used November 1938. The exhibition organizers criticize this expression and see it as a belittling of the events. The term November pogrom also does not apply, because this term describes a spontaneous violent attack against a population group. The attack was planned and spread by the Nazi regime. That is why the exhibition organizers speak of “anti-Jewish terror” or “November terror”.

The exhibition is a joint project of the Topography of Terror and the Foundation Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe .

A broad field: Tempelhof Airport and its history (2018)

In the former GAT ( General Aviation Terminal) area of Tempelhof Airport , the exhibition about the history of this airport, which went into operation in 1923, was shown. The focus is on the site's Nazi history. The airfield was not only used for air traffic, but also for propaganda events. One of the first concentration camps , the Columbia concentration camp , was built on the outskirts . During the Second World War , men and women from Europe had to do forced labor in the production and repair of aircraft . Tempelhof was an air force base for the US Army during the Cold War . For West Berlin , the civil part was the only unimpeded traffic connection with the outside world until its closure in 1975.

The People's Court 1934–1945. Terror through "law" (2018)

The exhibition shows the creation and organization of the People's Court and its judgment practice. It provides information on how the former court staff were dealt with after 1945.

Berlin 1933 - The Road to Dictatorship (2018)

Key stages in the establishment of Nazi rule in Berlin in the first six months are presented. The fate of the early victims of Nazi terror is also shown.

“Aktion Reinhardt”. They came from the ghetto and went into the unknown (2018)

The exhibition at the Majdanek Memorial focuses on the Reinhardt campaign . This is how the SS described the planned murder by engine exhaust of up to 1.9 million people in the extermination sites of Belzec , Sobibor and Treblinka . The murdered were mainly Jewish children, women and men as well as around 50,000 Roma from Germany-occupied Poland.

“In the service of the racial question”. Propaganda photographs on behalf of Reich Minister R. Walther Darré (2018)

The exhibition deals with the propaganda photographs of young people, which the Nazi minister Richard Walther Darré had commissioned. The aim of the photos was to support and spread the thesis of the "Nordic race". The exposition deals with the racist stereotypes in the propaganda photography of the Nazis. The Topography of Terror showed the presentation in cooperation with the Photoinstitut Bonartes.

The way into the abyss. The year 1938 (2018)

The decisive events of 1938, such as the change in the border order established by the First World War (" Anschluss Austria " and the smashing of Czechoslovakia ), the "Arbeitsschaf Reich" campaign , the " Polenaktion ", the Reichspogromnacht of November 9th are the subject of the Exhibition.

Hidden. Dealing with Nazi perpetrator locations in West Berlin (2017)

The exhibition describes the history of the fading out, the concealment and the remembering in West Berlin about the Nazi crimes that were planned, organized and carried out in Berlin. The traveling exhibition was developed by the Active Museum Fascism and Resistance in Berlin e. V . and from the House of the Wannsee Conference Memorial and Education Center

"Luther's words everywhere ..." - Martin Luther in National Socialism (2017)

The exhibition shows the position of the National Socialists on the person and work of Martin Luther . The relationship between the Nazi state and the Church and the way Christians deal with Luther's “legacy” are highlighted. One focus is the use of Luther's late anti-Jewish writings. These were reissued during the Nazi era and mediated in the theater and in films. His work Von den Juden und Their Lies was used by Nazi papers for their propaganda and by representatives of the Evangelical Church, such as the Thuringian regional bishop Martin Sasse , to justify violence against the Jews. The use of Luther to legitimize the war, but also the right to resist the Nazi regime, is presented in the exhibition. The Topography of Terror realized this presentation together with the German Resistance Memorial Center .

"What was right then ..." - Soldiers and civilians before courts of the Wehrmacht (2017)

This project deals with Nazi military justice in the context of the history of German military justice (1871–1939). The focus is on case histories of convicted deserters , “ disruptors of military strength ” and “ pests of the people ”. The post-war careers of the Nazi military judges, as well as the exclusion and disregard of the victims who survived the Nazi judiciary, in the Federal Republic and the GDR are presented in the following, as well as the struggle for rehabilitation of the victims. In addition, biographies of resistance fighters from the European countries occupied by Nazi Germany are presented. This traveling exhibition of the Foundation Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe was created in cooperation with the Foundation Sächsische Gedenkstätten , the German Resistance Memorial Center and the Federal Association of Victims of Nazi Military Justice e. V.

Mass shootings. The Holocaust between the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea 1941–1944 (2016/2017)

The Topography of Terror realized this exhibition together with the Foundation Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe. It provides information on the development of the mass murder in the German war against the Soviet Union and how it came to terms with it after 1945. Between 1941 and 1944 the German army and police murdered over two million Jews, around 30,000 Roma and 17,000, with the help of collaborators in mass shootings and in " gas vans " Patients in psychiatric institutions. Based on the murder of around 1,500 Jewish children, women and men on October 14, 1942 in Mizocz , the extermination of the Jewish communities and the interaction between local actors and the leadership in Berlin are exemplified. Explanatory approaches to the question of what made German men participate in the mass murder are offered in the exhibition. The Topography of Terror realized this exhibition project together with the Foundation Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe.

Stolpersteine ​​- Commemoration and Social Sculpture (2016/2017)

The traveling exhibition of the coordination center Stolpersteine ​​Berlin presents the art and memory project “Stolpersteine” by Gunter Demnig . The passers-by of the stumbling blocks are viewed as part of a social sculpture in the documentation.

Marching orders. The Nazi Party Rally Grounds in Nuremberg (2016)

The exhibition was created as part of a research project on “Space and Movement” at the TU Braunschweig and the TH Köln . It deals with the question of how architecture and events at the Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg made it possible to emotionalize the masses for political and ideological goals.

The face of the ghetto. Pictures by Jewish photographers from the Litzmannstadt ghetto 1940–1944 (2010 and 2016)

Exhibition poster, 2010

The photo exhibition about the Litzmannstadt Ghetto , which was developed together with the Łódź City Archives , was first seen in 2010. It was the first special exhibition in the new building of the Topography of Terror.

In the Litzmannstadt ghetto - as Lodz was renamed by the German occupiers in 1940 - the National Socialists crowded over 160,000 Jews in the spring of 1940. In autumn 1941, a further 20,000 Jews from various western European cities were to Lodz deported , including 4,000 Berlin Jews. In addition there were 5,000 Roma from Burgenland. From December 1941 to August 1942, 18,000 Jews from the dissolved ghettos in Wartheland followed . Tens of thousands of people died of hunger and disease in the ghetto by summer 1944, a large number were transferred to the nearby Kulmhof extermination camp from December 1941 and to the Auschwitz, Sachsenhausen and Ravensbrück concentration camps from mid-1944. Of the approximately 205,000 people deported to the ghetto, an estimated 5,000 to 6,000 survived.

Some Jewish photographers took pictures of almost all areas of ghetto life on behalf of the Litzmannstadt Jewish Council . 50 of the almost 12,000 surviving images that are in the State Archives in Lodz as contact prints are shown centrally in large format. The exhibition briefly introduces the history of the ghetto. This is supplemented by statements from former ghetto residents and entries from the ghetto chronicle.

Germany 1945 - The last months of the war (2014-2016)

The exhibition on the last five months of Nazi Germany consists of 40 themed panels - from Christmas 1944 to May 1945.

With a pair of opposites or three panels from different perspectives, the usual views of this period should be called into question. The breadth of actions is shown, such as cities that were defended to the end and others that surrendered without a fight, or people who participated in the politics of persecution and extermination until the end of the regime, and those who supported the NS - Helped the persecuted. A media station then describes the transition phase until 1948 and the history of the reception of the war in German film.

Science - Planning - Displacement. The National Socialists' General Plan East (2015)

The exhibition of the German Research Foundation (DFG) shows the participation of German science in the creation of the “ General Plan East ”. The plan was made by the agricultural scientist Konrad Meyer on behalf of the Reichsführer SS and chief of the German police Heinrich Himmler . According to this interdisciplinary plan, almost five million Germans were to be settled in Poland and in the western part of the Soviet Union within 25 years . Millions of residents - Slavs and Jews - of the two countries should be enslaved, driven out and murdered for this. At that time, this planning was largely promoted and financed by the DFG.

The exhibition is divided into three chapters. First, the prehistory of the “Generalplan Ost” and the role of science, then the plans for an ethnic reorganization of Eastern Europe during the Second World War and finally the resettlement, expulsion and genocide from 1939 to 1945 are presented. One focus is the technical roots of the plan: Scientists, whose research was substantially co-financed by the DFG, laid the foundations for the National Socialist conquest and race policy in the 1920s.

Hans Bayer - War correspondent in World War II (2014)

The exhibition about Hans Bayer divides his life into five phases, beginning with his time as a Nazi propagandist in World War II. Bayer, who published Troll after 1945 under the pseudonym Thaddäus Troll , worked for propaganda companies of the Wehrmacht between 1941 and 1945 . a. as editor-in-chief for the army newspaper Der Sieg . Bayer was not able to publish the depiction of Nazi crimes that was known to him in his articles, which were subject to censorship. However, he refrained from documenting these in his private files, in his diary entries, for posterity. The Bavarian, later known as a man of letters, journalist and Swabian “poet prince”, kept quiet about his past as a Nazi propagandist, such as his involvement in the mockery of the Jews of the Warsaw Ghetto , the spread of the lie of the German preventive war against the Soviet Union , and the propaganda for perseverance Final victory .

The exhibition focuses on Bayer's handling of the scope for action under National Socialism, his wartime in the propaganda company and the resulting influences on his future life.

The Warsaw Uprising 1944 (2014)

The Topography of Terror and the Warsaw Uprising Museum prepared the exhibition project on the Warsaw Uprising of 1944 . The traveling exhibition, which was put together by the Warsaw Uprising Museum, consists of text and photo boards, exhibits, interactive multimedia elements and a computer animation about the destruction of Warsaw by the Germans. In Berlin it was shown in the covered outdoor area of ​​the Topography of Terror. A website is also an integral part of the project.

Around 10,000 civilians and 6,000 Polish soldiers died fighting to defend Warsaw during the German invasion of Poland . 10% of the city was destroyed. 97,000 non-Jewish Warsaw residents were killed in the German terrorist occupation, around 60,000 of them in concentration camps.

91,000 Jews died in the Warsaw Ghetto from hunger and exhaustion . Around 300,000 residents of the Jewish ghetto were murdered in German extermination camps. During the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising in spring 1943, 61,000 Jews died. After the murder of the Jews from Warsaw, the Jewish quarter was systematically torn into ruins.

Before the Armia Krajowa (AK) uprising against the German occupation in the summer of 1944, around 900,000 non-Jewish residents lived in Warsaw. The Reichsführer SS and Chief of the German Police Heinrich Himmler ordered the shooting of all Warsaw residents and the destruction of the city when the uprising began. The advancing Soviet troops did not intervene in favor of the Armia Krajowa (AK), which was under the Polish government in exile in London. After 63 days, the Germans put down the uprising. 150,000 civilians and 18,000 insurgents were killed. More than 5,000,000 Warsaw residents were deported to concentration camps, deported to Germany for forced labor or resettled. Around 1,000 people were able to hide in the city that was destroyed by the Germans. When the Red Army took Warsaw in January 1945, almost 90% of the buildings were in ruins. Until the fall of the communist regime in 1989, no thought was given in Poland to the Warsaw Uprising.

The exhibition spans the history of Warsaw from 1918 to the present day. The focus is on the chapters “The insurgent republic” (the state, the administration and civil society in the liberated city districts, the suppression of the uprising, the murder of 150,000 men, women and children by the Germans), “The destruction of the city” (Die Resettlement, deportation to Germany for forced labor, deportation to concentration camps or imprisonment in prisoner-of-war camps of the inhabitants and the systematic destruction of Warsaw) and " Stalin's stranglehold" (the Soviet occupation and suppression of Eastern Poland from 1939 to 1941 , the lack of support for the Warsaw Uprising by the Red Army, the assumption of government power by the Lublin Committee supported by the Soviet Union after the German withdrawal, the elimination of the structures of the Polish underground state by the NKVD ).

Berlin crime scenes. Documents on right-wing, racist and anti-Semitic violence (2014)

The ReachOut advice and documentation center has been documenting violent attacks with a right-wing, racist or anti-Semitic background in Berlin since 2002. Often no one comes to the rescue of the victims. The indifference, sometimes the secret or open consent of the bystanders is at least as hurtful and painful as the physical wounds that the victims suffer, ”says ReachOut. Jörg Möller photographs in black and white the public places - streets, squares, train stations - where such attacks have taken place. Nothing in Möller's pictures reminds of what happened. The brief explanations of the fact should enable the viewer to develop scenarios of what happened. The interaction of the images and the text should develop an appellative effect: “Don't look the other way, meddle and get help when others are threatened and attacked - especially in places that are so familiar to us.” Möller's black and white photographs are in a presentation designed as a traveling exhibition by ReachOut since 2005 and updated annually.

Captured, pursued, destroyed. Sick and Disabled People under National Socialism (2014)

Under National Socialism, disabled people were considered a burden for the German “ national community ”. From 1934 up to 400,000 people were forcibly sterilized and more than 200,000 people were murdered in sanatoriums and nursing homes.

The German Society for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Neurology , in conjunction with the Topography of Terror Foundation and the Memorial for the Murdered Jews of Europe Foundation, designed the five-chapter exhibition on the murder of people with physical, mental and emotional disabilities .

At the entrance is the chapter "Photo album". Photographs from family albums of people before they were admitted to forced sterilization or murder are shown there. These are contrasted with photographs of the murderers and those involved (doctors, nurses, drivers, "corpse burners" and administrative employees).

The second chapter with the title "The question of the value of life" deals with the history of ideas of forced sterilization and "euthanasia". Through the postulate of the classification of the value of human life as high or low (“hereditary value”), eugenics aimed to control reproduction in order to “stop the genetic decline of a nation and promote human development.” The exhibition presents a series of photographs from the 1920s and 1930s with which these eugenic ideas were propagated in public.

In the following unit, “Racial Hygiene Policy”, the health and social policy implementation of the concept of the “hereditary value” of humans through National Socialism is presented: the “hereditary biological” recording of the population and compulsory sterilization. The chapter is complemented with drawings by Wilhelm Werner about his forced sterilization in Nazi Germany.

The fourth and largest chapter "Murder" presented the story of the murder of sick and disabled people in Nazi Germany , which began in January 1940. It shows the murderers and those involved in the murder and the crime and their room for maneuver. Selected life paths of the murdered are told with photos and documents from their private and family life. The public perception of the murders as well as the reactions of the churches and the families of the victims are discussed.

The exhibition closes with the chapter "After 1945: Repression and Remembering". Four decades after 1945, in the 1980s, the victims were commemorated in public. The exhibition also deals with the legal prosecution of the perpetrators and the fight for compensation for the victims. The exhibition ends with two photorealistic portraits of Gerhard Richter : one of his murdered aunt Marianne Schönfelder and him as a four-month baby and the other of his father-in-law Heinrich Eufinger , who worked as a gynecologist at hundreds of forced sterilizations a. a. had been involved in Richter's aunt, with his daughter, who later became Richter's wife.

Between the lines? Newspaper press as an instrument of power (2013)

The exhibition is dedicated to the newspaper press during the Nazi era. One of the two main topics - reporting on the Nazi party rally of 1935 and the “ Sportpalastrede ” of 1943 - is presented on a row of partition walls with texts from newspapers and magazines and brief explanations . Excerpts from the newsreel and the radio program for these two events are presented at the end of the row of partition walls. Using portraits of journalists and thirteen daily newspapers (reprints), the journalistic strategies and the freedom of thought and action of the publishers, journalists and readers are to be illustrated.

Wilhelmstrasse 1933–1945 - The rise and fall of the Nazi government district (2012)

Since the end of the 19th century, essential ministries and offices have been concentrated in Wilhelmstrasse. During the German Empire , the Weimar Republic and the time of National Socialism , Wilhelmstrasse became synonymous with the German government. The National Socialists changed the quarter: extensive renovations and new buildings were built, the authorities were restructured and new ones were settled. This is where the power center of the Nazi regime was located with the Old and New Reich Chancellery , the Prince Albrecht Palais , the Propaganda Ministry , the Reich Aviation Ministry and the Foreign Office . From 1950 to 1961 the GDR blew up the remaining war ruins. What remains are some administration buildings and a neoclassical building that used to house the Nazi Ministry of Aviation .

The photo exhibition deals with the history of the government district. The focus is on the use for planning and implementing the Nazi terror and extermination policy.

2.40-meter-high partition walls, each representing one of 19 ministries, illustrate a “replica of Wilhelmsstrasse.” Hinged doors are attached to the respective photographic representation of these buildings. Behind these are information about their history. Erected advertising pillars with pictures and text complement the presentation of the Nazi history of the quarter. In addition, the visitor receives a report on the Wilhelmstrasse trial in which high officials of the Nazi regime were indicted.

The Holocaust against the Roma and Sinti and present day racism in Europe (2012)

The four-chapter exhibition The National Socialist Genocide of the Sinti and Roma and Today's Racism in Europe comes from the Documentation and Cultural Center of German Sinti and Roma . Under National Socialism, Sinti and Roma were disenfranchised, ghettoized and murdered in the extermination camps. In the opening chapter the beginning process of the disenfranchisement of the Sinti and Roma in Nazi Germany up to the beginning of the Second World War is presented. The exhibition then deals with the genocide of around 500,000 Roma and Sinti in National Socialist Europe. The Nazi persecution policy and the particular characteristics of persecution in the states occupied and allied by Nazi Germany are presented. The third area of ​​the documentation deals with the murder of the Sinti and Roma from almost all European countries in the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp . The last section deals with developments after 1945. The struggle for recognition of the genocide of the Sinti and Roma and the emergence of the civil rights movement in the Federal Republic of Germany are described . One focus is the forms of discrimination against the national Roma and Sinti in Central and Eastern Europe on the basis of social prejudice. The open and violent racism to which the Roma and Sinti are exposed is illustrated using examples.

Resistance!? Evangelical Christians under National Socialism (2012)

The online exhibition of the Evangelical Working Group for Church Contemporary History on provided computers deals with the resistance of individual Evangelical Christians under National Socialism . As a Christian resistance is the resistance to the Bible is based, and the fundamental Christian values, respectively. The project initiated by the EKD takes a wide variety of forms of resistance. Resistance therefore includes, among other things, an attempted coup, protest, refusal and partial dissatisfaction with the regime.

The first chapter of the exhibition is entitled "Time". It begins with the presentation of the church and mentality history in the Weimar Republic , the roots of adaptation and resistance under National Socialism are to be shown. The Nazi period is divided into four periods: 1933–1934, 1935–1939, 1939–1942 and 1943–1945. The development of the Nazi system of rule, the attitude of majority Protestantism, the forms of resistance by Protestant Christians and the resistance of Protestant people in certain regions of Nazi Germany are presented for the entire period from 1933 to 1945. Based on the development of the church and politics, the existing options for resisting behavior should be shown. The documentation opposes these possibilities of resistance to “the opposing behavior from satisfaction to complicity”. The last section deals with Christian resistance in the remembrance culture of the Federal Republic.

This is followed by the chapter “Man” on the path with its conflicts and contradictions from evangelical Christians to resisting behavior and its consequences. To outline the ecumenical dimension of Christian resistance, individual biographies of Catholic Christians are presented.

The third and last chapter is devoted to the "basic questions". Here the visitor is encouraged to think about the question “What does Christian resistance actually mean and how would I have acted?”. This chapter is divided into the following sections: Introduction, Reasons and Motives, Confessional Characteristics, Contradictions, Orientation Points, Role-Specific Behavior. In addition, the exhibition organizers ask whether "Can we learn something for the present from the resistant or adapted behavior of the past?" According to them, the conflicts of that time between church and Nazi state, between parishes and society and between the individual in the resistance and the majority, who were “enthusiastic or conformed”, “are relevant to today's debate about the relationship between state, society and religion of fundamental importance ”.

The "house prison" of the Gestapo headquarters in Berlin. Terror and Resistance 1933–1945

The bilingual (German / English) exhibition about the “house prison” of the Gestapo headquarters was presented on a special outdoor exhibition area and also included the ground memorial with remains of the foundations of the former cells. With a total of over 400 photos and documents, it provided comprehensive information for the first time on the history of the prison at Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse 8 and recalled the fate of numerous prisoners. This presentation took place from August 2005 to April 2008 on the site of the "Topography of Terror".

The Nuremberg Trial of Major War Criminals

The exhibition on the " Nuremberg Trial " presented on the occasion of the 60th anniversary comprises around 110 photo and 50 text documents as well as 15 audio stations. It outlines the genesis, the course, the objectives and the significance of the process led by the Allies in Nuremberg and focuses on the accused, whose responsibility for war and mass crimes is shown. This exhibition was presented from October 2005 to April 2007 on the site fence on the site of the "Topography of Terror".

Realization competition Topography of Terror . Berlin, 309 drafts - exhibition of the competition works

Presentation of all contributions and results of the open, international realization competition "Topography of Terror", which was announced by the Federal Government and decided in January 2006. All 309 drafts submitted by the working groups of architects and landscape architects were shown.

The People's Court - Hitler's political tribunal

German-English documentation on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Court . Developed in collaboration with the German Resistance Memorial Center. Presentation from July 2004 to July 2005 on the site fence on the site of the "Topography of Terror".

“It's on fire!” Anti-Jewish terror in November 1938

The joint exhibition project on the 70th anniversary of the November pogroms of 1938 served as a historical documentation of the attack on German Jewry that was visible to the world after five and a half years of Nazi rule.

In front of everyone. Photo documents of the National Socialist terror in the province

German-English photo documentation of public scenes of everyday terror in the Nazi era, based on nationwide research in regional and local archives to develop new image sources.

Attacks - A student art campaign on the "Topography of Terror" fence

Exhibition on right-wing radicalism since 1990 in the Federal Republic . Developed in the communication design department of the Berlin-Weißensee School of Art as part of a semester project "Attacks against the law?", With the support of the Senate Department for Urban Development and the Topography of Terror Foundation. Presentation in May / June 2002 at the site fence on the site of the "Topography of Terror".

Traveling exhibitions

  • "Luther's words everywhere ..." - Martin Luther under National Socialism
    in collaboration with the German Resistance Memorial Center (2017)
  • The face of the ghetto. Pictures by Jewish photographers from the Litzmannstadt ghetto 1940–1944 (2010)
  • The National Socialist "Euthanasia" Murders
    An exhibition by the German Research Foundation , supervised by the Topography of Terror Foundation (2014)
  • Between the lines? Newspaper press as an instrument of Nazi power (2017)
  • In front of everyone. Photo documents of the National Socialist terror in the provinces (2002)
  • “It burns!” Anti-Jewish terror in November 1938
    in cooperation with the Foundation Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe and the New Synagogue Berlin - Centrum Judaicum (2008)

Library

Library of the Topography of Terror Foundation, 2010

The library of the Topography of Terror Foundation, Berlin, is a special library on the subjects of police , SS , Gestapo in the Third Reich and National Socialism in general. At the moment there are around 30,000 titles in the library's holdings (as of October 2017); in the long term, the library should grow to a maximum of 40,000 titles. In addition to the majority of current literature on the above-mentioned topics, the library has a considerable part of contemporary National Socialist literature from the 1930s and 1940s (around 3,000 volumes). CD-ROMs relevant to the special library can also be purchased. In the meantime Allegro-C was used as library software, meanwhile the library has joined the GBV and therefore uses the Pica library system, a card catalog was never kept.

Event program

Events are held regularly in the auditorium of the Topography of Terror Documentation Center, with seats for up to 200 people. Essentially, these are lecture and discussion events as well as book presentations on contemporary historical topics. In addition to individual lectures, there are also series of events in which more extensive topics are dealt with and some of which are linked to current special exhibitions of the Topography of Terror Foundation. In addition to the lecture events, which form the focus of the program, film evenings, readings, etc. a. offered. The events take place once or twice a week (mostly Tuesday and Thursday evenings).

There are also offers in “easy language” and additional offers in Arabic .

Memorial Department

The memorial department of the Topography of Terror Foundation coordinates Germany-wide and, increasingly, international cooperation with memorial sites and memorial initiatives.

In particular, the nationwide memorial seminars, which take place twice a year in cooperation with other sponsors, serve the exchange of information and experience, further training and cooperation. In addition, specialist seminars and specialist conferences are offered on specific topics from the Nazi era and on current issues relating to memorial work and the culture of remembrance. In addition, there is the regular organization of international seminars and symposia in cooperation with memorials and relevant institutions in other countries.

The memorial department is responsible for managing the Working Group on Concentration Camp Memorials in Germany . It also organizes the working groups for memorial site education and memorial site libraries, which meet regularly. It publishes a quarterly memorial newsletter .

Memorial Forum

The Memorial Forum is a portal that includes around 100 German institutions, each of which is presented with introductory texts and web addresses. The memorials can be grouped and selected on the interactive world map. An offer from the Topography of Terror Foundation that has been further developed for years. The online forum is edited by Thomas Lutz in collaboration with employees of the Voluntary Social Year (culture) .

Numerous new memorial sites have been created in Germany since the 1990s. Their work primarily relates to the specific crime scene. From the beginning, however, the memorials also saw themselves as a network. The development and range of Nazi persecution only becomes clear when the numerous places are viewed in context. At the same time, the lately intensive discussion about the cooperation between the memorials and the organizational structure based on this has made clear the need for an improved and more efficient exchange of information between the memorials.

For this purpose, an online memorial forum is being designed, which is to serve as an interactive entry and communication platform for the memorial area and, through the broadest possible participation of interested parties, is to become a hub for memorial work in Germany.

In its “Events” column, the forum also lists annually recurring memorial sites that can be visited by the public and that have not (yet) been developed into regular memorials, for example the Neuendorf Landwerk in Brandenburg .

International overview of memorial sites

The Topography of Terror Foundation has compiled a global overview of institutions dealing with the history of Nazi persecution. Some of the data sets were created with the assistance of the Foundation Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe . This project is also used by the Task Force for International Cooperation in Holocaust Education, Remembrance and Research , which made a significant financial contribution to the funding.

The website offers brief historical information and a description of the activities of the respective institutions, travel tips and contact addresses for the most important existing memorials and monuments for the victims of the Nazi regime, as well as for the museums, research and educational institutions that are active in this area of ​​contemporary history are. The overview compiled here is intended to provide an introduction and contribute to networking and initiating further cooperation. Background information on the cultures of remembrance in the various countries can be found on Commemorative Cultures - a network .

Documentation Center Nazi Forced Labor

The last largely preserved former Nazi forced labor camp is located in Schöneweide . During the Second World War, it was one of the more than 3,000 collective shelters for forced laborers spread across the city. In the summer of 2006, the Documentation Center Nazi Forced Labor was opened on part of what is now a listed historical site and is continuously being developed as an exhibition, archive and learning location under the direction of the Topography of Terror Foundation. The current permanent exhibition "Building Blocks" provides information about the history of the camp and the history of the origins of the documentation center. There are also changing, international guest exhibitions on Nazi forced labor, supplemented by accompanying events, guided tours and other educational offers. A permanent exhibition on the history of Nazi forced labor in Berlin is in preparation .

literature

  • Andreas Nachama (Ed.): The Documentation Center Nazi Forced Labor Berlin-Schöneweide. For the conception of an exhibition, archive and learning location. 2nd edition, Topography of Terror Foundation, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-9807205-8-8 .
  • Topography of Terror Foundation (ed.): Topography of Terror. Gestapo, SS and Reich Security Main Office in Wilhelm- and Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse. A documentation . Topographie des Terrors Foundation, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-941772-06-9 (first in 2008; revised by: Reinhard Rürup (Ed.): Topographie des Terrors. Gestapo, SS and Reich Security Main Office on the "Prinz Albrecht site" A documentation. 16th edition. Arenhövel, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-922912-21-4 , first 1987).
  • Erika Bucholtz: Tour of the terrain "Topography of Terror". History of the historical site Topography of Terror Foundation: Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-941772-04-5 .
  • Ulrich Tempel: The place of the "Topography of Terror" . In: Land's End. The place of the “topography of terror” as reflected in contemporary photography . By Michael Disqué, Andreas Gehrke (Ed.), Pp. 94-104. Third Books, Berlin 2019, 112 pp., ISBN 978-3-9818866-1-0 . The publication is a collaborative project between Third Books and the Topography of Terror Foundation and presents the photographs of the site by ten photographers from 1981 to 2014; Ulrich Tempel's essay describes the history of the “Gestapo site”.
  • Nils Ballhausen: A meeting in the “history's office.” Conversation with Andreas Nachama and Dieter Hoffmann-Axthelm. (PDF) (No longer available online.) In: Bauwelt , No. 16. 2010, pp. 12–19 , archived from the original on June 1, 2010 ; accessed on March 27, 2017 .
  • Gerd Kühling: Exhibition review on: Topography of Terror, Niederkirchnerstrasse 8, 10963 Berlin . In: H-Soz-u-Kult , May 22, 2010.
  • Toni Hildebrandt (in conversation with Peter Zumthor): Architecture, image and design. In: Rheinsprung 11th magazine for visual criticism. 1 (2011), pp. 139-146. online (PDF; 965 kB).
  • Topography of Terror Foundation (ed.): Notes , Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2011 ff, DNB 1017769389 .
    • Volume 1 - Andreas Nachama , Klaus Hesse (Ed.): Before everyone's eyes: the deportation of the Jews and the auctioning of their property; Photographs from Lörrach, 1940 , Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-942271-45-5 .
    • Volume 2 - Andreas Nachama, Klaus Hesse (eds.): Grunewald Synagogue Memorial Site , Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-942271-46-2 .
    • Volume 3 - Lisa Hauff: Reminder location Kurfürstenstraße 115/116: from the Brüdervereinshaus to the place of work of Adolf Eichmann , Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-942271-59-2 .
    • Volume 4 - Matthias Haß: The Active Museum and the Topography of Terror. Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-942271-65-3 .
    • Volume 5 - Jan Cantow: Pastor Paul Gerhard Braune: in the “house prison” of the Gestapo headquarters in Berlin; Short biography and documents . Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-942271-85-1 .
    • Volume 6 - Wolf Gruner : Rosenstrasse 2-4 memorial site: Internment and protest in the Nazi state Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-95565-001-8 .
    • Volume 7 - Swantje Greve: Werner Finck and the "catacomb": a cabaret artist in the sights of the Gestapo . Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-95565-055-1 .
    • Volume 8 - Alfred Gottwaldt : Mahnort Güterbahnhof Moabit: the deportation of Jews from Berlin Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-95565-054-4 .
    • Volume 9 - Klaus Pfeiffer, Joachim Rott: The first expatriation list from August 25, 1933 . Ed .: Andreas Nachama. Hentrich & Hentrich Verlag, Berlin / Leipzig 2016, ISBN 978-3-95565-085-8 .
    • Volume 10 - Andreas Nachama (Ed.): Reich Security Main Office and Post-War Justice. The Bovensiepen trial and the deportations of Jews from Berlin . Hentrich & Hentrich Verlag, Berlin / Leipzig 2015, ISBN 978-3-95565-130-5 .
    • Volume 11 - Karl Cardinal Lehmann : The priest Max Josef Metzger. Gestapo imprisonment and death sentence . Ed .: Andreas Nachama. Hentrich & Hentrich Verlag, Berlin / Leipzig 2016, ISBN 978-3-95565-164-0 .
    • Volume 12 - Andreas Nachama, Uwe Neumärker (Ed.): Commemoration and data protection. The public mention of the names of Nazi victims in exhibitions, memorial books and databases . Hentrich & Hentrich Verlag, Berlin / Leipzig 2017, ISBN 978-3-95565-210-4 .
    • Volume 13 - Michael Wildt (Ed.): The Reich Security Main Office. Nazi terror headquarters in World War II . Hentrich & Hentrich Verlag, Berlin / Leipzig 2019, ISBN 978-3-95565-360-6 .
    • Volume 14 - Jan Erik Schulte : Warning place SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt 1942–1945. Administration and terror headquarters of the SS . Hentrich & Hentrich Verlag, Berlin / Leipzig 2020, ISBN 978-3-95565-365-1 .

Movies

  • Control center of hell. What happens to the “topography of terror” in Berlin? Documentation, Germany 2004, 7:08 min., ZDF - aspekte , July 20, 2004
  • Documentaries of Terror. News broadcast, Germany 2007, 1:52 min., Production: ZDF- heute , first broadcast: November 2nd, 2007
  • "Topography of Terror" shows Berlin in the Nazi era. News broadcast, Germany 2010, 1:22 min., Director: Oliver Jarasch, production: RBB , first broadcast: August 25, 2010, online video ( memento from August 26, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) by tagesschau.de
  • The terrain . Long-term observation of the ex-Gestapo fallow from 1987 to 2013. Documentary, Germany 2013, 93 min., Director: Martin Gressmann, Awarded as best German documentary in 2015 at the 66th Berlinale

Web links

Commons : Topography of Terror  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cadastral plan of the "Topography of Terror" ( Memento from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ Site plan ( Memento from September 7, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  3. ↑ a b Nils Ballhausen: A meeting in the “history consulting room.” Conversation with Andreas Nachama and Dieter Hoffmann-Axthelm. (PDF) (No longer available online.) In: No. 16. Bauwelt , 2010, p. 13 , archived from the original on June 1, 2010 ; accessed on March 27, 2017 .
  4. ↑ Around 1.3 million visitors to Topography of Terror on evangelisch.de
  5. ↑ Photo: Exhibition hall in 1996
  6. ↑ Stefanie Endlich: Japanese, structural cheerfulness . In: Berliner Zeitung , May 26, 2004.
  7. ↑ Ulrich Paul: Slate is much more expensive than concrete . In: Berliner Zeitung , January 22, 2002, Lokales, p. 20.
  8. ↑ Nikolaus Bernau: And where was the client? Zumthor's failure is the result of collective irresponsibility . In: Berliner Zeitung , May 27, 2004, features section, p. 30.
  9. ↑ Precious memory - The eternal financial disaster of the "Topography of Terror". (No longer available online.) 3sat , Kulturzeit, July 19, 2002, archived from the original on March 15, 2003 ; Retrieved on March 27, 2017 (wayback.archive.org and robots.txt - to see the archived version, you have to interrupt the loading with ESC).
  10. ^ Gerhard Schoenberner: Topography is a federal matter . In: Friday . No. 31, July 23, 2004 (Schoenberner is founding rector of the House of the Wannsee Conference Memorial ).
  11. ↑ Christina Tilmann: Scandal and last hope . In: Der Tagesspiegel . March 27, 2004 (interview with Rürup about his resignation).
  12. ↑ Marlies Emmerich: Zumthor is asking for almost a million euros . In: Berliner Zeitung , May 27, 2004, Local, p. 19.
  13. ^ Katrin Schoelkopf: Dispute over the demolition of the Zumthor stair tower . In: The world . August 25, 2004.
  14. ↑ Lucarelli, Fosco: Zumthor's Topographie des Terrors (1993-2004): visual history of birth, growth and death of a project ( Memento of April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), November 14, 2011.
  15. ^ Marlies Emmerich: Topography of Terror: Groundbreaking ceremony in autumn 2007 . In: Berliner Zeitung , January 26, 2006, Local, p. 19.
  16. ↑ Christina Tilmann: Set on sand . In: Der Tagesspiegel , March 9, 2006.
  17. ↑ chp: sign and purpose . In: Der Tagesspiegel January 26, 2006.
  18. ↑ Severin Weiland: Happy end to a tragedy . In: Spiegel Online , November 2, 2007.
  19. ↑ a b Stefan Jacobs: Construction site tour on the new topography of terror . In: Der Tagesspiegel , April 14, 2010.
  20. ↑ Bernhard Schulz: The desks of the perpetrators . In: Der Tagesspiegel , May 3, 2010.
  21. ↑ Topography of Terror. Horst Köhler opens documentation center in Berlin . In: Stern.de , May 6, 2010, accessed June 26, 2010.
  22. ↑ Historical place
  23. ^ Hof / Berlin: State terror in front of all eyes |. (No longer available online.) In: Frankenpost . March 14, 2019, archived from the original on March 14, 2019 ; accessed on March 14, 2019 .
  24. ^ November pogrom 1938: "The synagogue was properly set on fire". (No longer available online.) In: Die Welt . March 14, 2019, archived from the original on March 14, 2019 ; accessed on March 14, 2019 .
  25. ^ "Kristallnacht", "Pogrom", "Anti-Jewish Terror": November 9, 1938 and how to deal with it: Exhibition in the Topography of Terror - Kreuzberg. (No longer available online.) March 14, 2019, archived from the original on March 14, 2019 ; accessed on March 14, 2019 .
  26. ↑ "We walked through a silent city". (No longer available online.) In: Jüdische Allgemeine . March 14, 2019, archived from the original on March 14, 2019 ; accessed on March 14, 2019 .
  27. ↑ 80th anniversary: ​​The “Kristallnacht” of 1938 - exhibition in Berlin. (No longer available online.) In: Zeit Online . March 14, 2019, archived from the original on March 14, 2019 ; accessed on March 14, 2019 .
  28. ↑ Federal Government | News | Anti-Jewish terror in front of everyone. (No longer available online.) March 14, 2019, archived from the original on March 14, 2019 ; accessed on March 14, 2019 .
  29. ↑ A WIDE FIELD. Tempelhof Airport and its history. (PDF) (No longer available online.) March 6, 2019, archived from the original on March 6, 2019 ; accessed on March 6, 2019 .
  30. ↑ Tempelhof Airport: "Gateway to the World". (No longer available online.) March 6, 2019, archived from the original on March 6, 2019 ; accessed on March 6, 2019 .
  31. ↑ Forced laborers in Tempelhof: The almost forgotten story - taz.de. (No longer available online.) March 20, 2019, archived from the original on March 20, 2019 ; accessed on March 20, 2019 .
  32. ^ In the service of the racial issue, propaganda photographs on behalf of Reich Minister R. Walther Darré. (No longer available online.) March 19, 2019, archived from the original on March 19, 2019 ; accessed on March 19, 2019 .
  33. ↑ "Luther's Words Everywhere" - Look at Luther under National Socialism: Luther2017. (No longer available online.) March 19, 2019, archived from the original on March 19, 2019 ; accessed on March 19, 2019 .
  34. ↑ Topography of Terror - special exhibitions. (No longer available online.) March 4, 2019, archived from the original on March 4, 2019 ; accessed on March 4, 2019 .
  35. ↑ A touch of normality in the ghetto | Culture. (No longer available online.) March 7, 2019, archived from the original on March 7, 2019 ; accessed on March 7, 2019 .
  36. ↑ a b LeMO chapter - The Second World War - Genocide - Ghetto Lodz. (No longer available online.) March 11, 2019, archived from the original on March 11, 2019 ; accessed on March 11, 2019 .
  37. ↑ Research Disturbing scenes of a supposedly normal everyday life - Wissenschaft.de. (No longer available online.) March 11, 2019, archived from the original on March 11, 2019 ; accessed on March 11, 2019 .
  38. ↑ Matthies & Schnegg | EXHIBITION. (No longer available online.) March 11, 2019, archived from the original on March 11, 2019 ; accessed on March 11, 2019 .
  39. ↑ Germany 1945 - the last months of the war | PLOT. (No longer available online.) March 11, 2019, archived from the original on March 11, 2019 ; accessed on March 11, 2019 .
  40. ^ Opening on December 9th in Berlin - Exhibition about the last months of the war - MAZ - Märkische Allgemeine. (No longer available online.) March 11, 2019, archived from the original on March 11, 2019 ; accessed on March 11, 2019 .
  41. ^ The National Socialist mass murders in Eastern Europe | bpb. (No longer available online.) March 13, 2019, archived from the original on March 13, 2019 ; accessed on March 13, 2019 .
  42. ^ DFG - Exhibition: Science, Planning, Displacement. The National Socialists' General Plan East. (No longer available online.) August 14, 2018, archived from the original on August 14, 2018 ; accessed on March 13, 2019 .
  43. ^ Exhibition "Science - Planning - Displacement" | learn-aus-der-geschichte.de. (No longer available online.) March 13, 2019, archived from the original on March 13, 2019 ; accessed on March 13, 2019 .
  44. ^ DFG - Exhibition: Science, Planning, Displacement. The National Socialists' General Plan East. (No longer available online.) May 14, 2018, archived from the original on May 14, 2018 ; accessed on March 14, 2019 .
  45. ^ Introduction General Plan East, June 1942 / Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (BSB, Munich). (No longer available online.) March 14, 2019, archived from the original on March 14, 2019 ; accessed on March 14, 2019 .
  46. ^ German Bundestag - The General Plan East and the role of science. (No longer available online.) March 14, 2019, archived from the original on March 14, 2019 ; accessed on March 14, 2019 .
  47. ^ Catalog for the exhibition SCIENCE, PLANNING, DISTRIBUTION The General Plan East of the National Socialists. (PDF) (No longer available online.) March 14, 2019, archived from the original on March 14, 2019 ; accessed on March 14, 2019 .
  48. ↑ The propaganda pulls the string. (Not available online.) In: taz.de . March 15, 2019, archived from the original on March 15, 2019 ; accessed on March 15, 2019 .
  49. ^ Thaddäus Troll: Berlin exhibition deals with the Nazi past. (No longer available online.) In: Stuttgarter Nachrichten . March 15, 2019, archived from the original on March 15, 2019 ; accessed on March 15, 2019 .
  50. ↑ propaganda companies - the "ghetto feature" called "Jews among themselves". (No longer available online.) In: Die Welt . March 15, 2019, archived from the original on March 15, 2019 ; accessed on March 15, 2019 .
  51. ^ Exhibition about Nazi war reporter Hans Bayer: His beautiful, dirty war. (No longer available online.) In: Der Tagesspiegel . March 15, 2019, archived from the original on March 15, 2019 ; accessed on March 15, 2019 .
  52. ↑ Chapter 3: The Warsaw Uprising in 1944. (No longer available online.) March 17, 2019, archived from the original on March 17, 2019 ; accessed on March 17, 2019 .
  53. ↑ Chapter 6: The Warsaw Uprising in 1944. (No longer available online.) March 17, 2019, archived from the original on March 17, 2019 ; accessed on March 17, 2019 .
  54. ↑ Chapter 7: The Warsaw Uprising in 1944. (No longer available online.) March 17, 2019, archived from the original on March 17, 2019 ; accessed on March 17, 2019 .
  55. ↑ Chapter 8: The Warsaw Uprising in 1944. (No longer available online.) March 17, 2019, archived from the original on March 17, 2019 ; accessed on March 17, 2019 .
  56. ↑ Chapter 10: The Warsaw Uprising in 1944. (No longer available online.) March 17, 2019, archived from the original on March 17, 2019 ; accessed on March 17, 2019 .
  57. ↑ Gauck and Komorwoski open exhibition on the Warsaw Uprising. (No longer available online.) March 17, 2019, archived from the original on March 17, 2019 ; accessed on March 17, 2019 .
  58. ↑ Warsaw Ghetto: Eight to twelve people lived in each room. (No longer available online.) In: Die Welt . March 17, 2019, archived from the original on March 17, 2019 ; accessed on March 17, 2019 .
  59. ^ Hitler and Stalin's alliance against the Warsaw uprising. (No longer available online.) In: Die Welt . March 17, 2019, archived from the original on March 17, 2019 ; accessed on March 17, 2019 .
  60. ↑ The exhibition “The Warsaw Uprising 1944” in Berlin reached over 250,000 visitors. (No longer available online.) March 17, 2019, archived from the original on March 17, 2019 ; accessed on March 17, 2019 .
  61. ^ Barbaric extermination of a metropolis |. (No longer available online.) In: NZZ . March 17, 2019, archived from the original on March 17, 2019 ; accessed on March 17, 2019 .
  62. ↑ “The Warsaw Uprising 1944” - Historical-Technical Museum Peenemünde. (No longer available online.) March 17, 2019, archived from the original on March 17, 2019 ; accessed on March 17, 2019 .
  63. ↑ Poland: The Warsaw Uprising - Central Europe - Culture - Planet Knowledge. (No longer available online.) February 6, 2019, archived from the original on February 6, 2019 ; accessed on March 17, 2019 .
  64. ↑ Warsaw Uprising - The Suffering of the Polish Civilian Population. (No longer available online.) March 17, 2019, archived from the original on March 17, 2019 ; accessed on March 17, 2019 .
  65. ↑ Exhibition | ReachOut. (No longer available online.) December 27, 2017, archived from the original on December 27, 2017 ; accessed on March 18, 2019 .
  66. ↑ Berlin crime scenes. (No longer available online.) August 22, 2018, archived from the original on August 22, 2018 ; accessed on March 18, 2019 .
  67. ↑ Five chapters - Psychiatry under National Socialism - Focus - DGPPN Society. (No longer available online.) March 24, 2019, archived from the original on March 24, 2019 ; accessed on March 24, 2019 .
  68. ^ National Socialism: Exhibition commemorates crimes against the sick. (No longer available online.) March 24, 2019, archived from the original on March 24, 2019 ; accessed on March 24, 2019 .
  69. ^ Wilhelm Werner. (No longer available online.) March 24, 2019, archived from the original on March 24, 2019 ; accessed on March 24, 2019 .
  70. ^ Gerhard Richter: Aunt Marianne's tragedy. (No longer available online.) In: BZ March 25, 2019, archived from the original on March 25, 2019 ; accessed on March 25, 2019 .
  71. ↑ 11 Things You Need to Know About Gerhard Richter. (No longer available online.) In: TagesWoche. March 25, 2019, archived from the original on March 25, 2019 ; accessed on March 25, 2019 .
  72. ^ The newspaper press as an instrument of Nazi power (archive). (No longer available online.) March 12, 2019, archived from the original on March 12, 2019 ; accessed on March 12, 2019 .
  73. ↑ Knowing what is being lied in the FAZ , May 22, 2013, p. 31.
  74. ↑ This is where World War II was unleashed. (No longer available online.) In: BZ March 26, 2019, archived from the original on March 26, 2019 ; accessed on March 26, 2019 .
  75. ^ The Wilhelmstrasse - Rise and Fall - The Leaflet. (No longer available online.) March 26, 2019, archived from the original on March 26, 2019 ; accessed on March 26, 2019 .
  76. ↑ Behind the facade | Jewish general. (No longer available online.) March 26, 2019, archived from the original on March 26, 2019 ; accessed on March 26, 2019 .
  77. ^ Topography of Terror - Wilhelmstrasse 1933–1945. The rise and fall of the Nazi government district. (No longer available online.) March 26, 2019, archived from the original on March 26, 2019 ; accessed on March 26, 2019 .
  78. ^ Indicted in Nuremberg (archive). (No longer available online.) March 26, 2019, archived from the original on March 26, 2019 ; accessed on March 26, 2019 .
  79. ↑ Topography of Terror - special exhibitions. (No longer available online.) July 25, 2019, archived from the original on July 25, 2019 ; accessed on July 25, 2019 .
  80. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20190725132955/https://lgbthistorymonth.org.uk/exhibition-the-holocaust-against-the-roma-and-sinti-and-present-day-racism/. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 25, 2019 ; Retrieved July 25, 2019 (American English).
  81. ↑ To the exhibition Christian Resistance. August 26, 2019, accessed August 7, 2020 .
  82. ↑ Resistance !? Evangelical Christians under National Socialism. 2012, accessed August 7, 2020 .
  83. ↑ Expert: There was no church resistance to Hitler | evangelisch.de. July 21, 2019, accessed August 7, 2020 .
  84. ^ "Topography of Terror" is reminiscent of Christian Nazi resistance. July 11, 2012, accessed August 7, 2020 .
  85. ↑ DFG - German Research Foundation - “The work is not over yet!” (No longer available online.) February 28, 2019, archived from the original on February 28, 2019 ; accessed on February 28, 2019 .
  86. ↑ Topography of Terror - Between the Lines? Newspaper press as Nazi power tool. (No longer available online.) February 28, 2019, archived from the original on February 28, 2019 ; accessed on February 28, 2019 .
  87. ↑ Topography of Terror - special exhibitions. (No longer available online.) February 28, 2019, archived from the original on February 28, 2019 ; accessed on February 28, 2019 .
  88. ↑ Topography of Terror - Exhibition Catalogs. (No longer available online.) February 28, 2019, archived from the original on February 28, 2019 ; accessed on February 28, 2019 .
  89. ↑ Online catalog on topographie.de
  90. ↑ Event schedule
  91. ↑ Susanne Memarnia: Conveying Nazi history: “A beautiful lawn is not possible here” . In: The daily newspaper: taz . May 12, 2018, ISSN  0931-9085 ( taz.de [accessed May 14, 2018]).
  92. ↑ Memorial Forum
  93. ↑ Link in the forum
  94. ↑ Overview of memorials

Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 25 ″  N , 13 ° 22 ′ 58 ″  E