Człuchów

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Człuchów
Coat of arms of Człuchów
Człuchów (Poland)
Człuchów
Człuchów
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Pomerania
Powiat : Człuchów
Area : 12.48  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 39 '  N , 17 ° 22'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 39 '0 "  N , 17 ° 22' 0"  E
Height : 160 m npm
Residents : 13,649
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 77-300 to 77-301
Telephone code : (+48) 59
License plate : GCZ
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 22 : Kostrzyn nad Odrą - Wałcz --Grzechotki / Russia
DK 25 : Bobolice - Bydgoszcz - Oleśnica
Ext. 188 : Piła - Złotów - Człuchów
Rail route : PKP line 210: Chojnice – Runowo Pomorskie
Next international airport : Danzig
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Surface: 12.48 km²
Residents: 13,649
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 1094 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 2203011
Administration (as of 2015)
Mayor : Ryszard Szybajło
Address:
ul.Woyska Polskiego 1 77-300 Człuchów
Website : www.czluchow.pl



Człuchów [ ˈʧwuxuf ] (German Schlochau ) is a city in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship . It is the district town of the Powiat Człuchowski ( Schlochauer Kreis ) and also the seat of a rural community .

Geographical location

The city is located in the historic West Prussia landscape , 15 kilometers west-southwest of Konitz ( Chojnice ) in a wooded area. In the east there are three lakes with the German name Amtssee.

View of the city from the castle tower.

history

Schlochau west of Marienwerder and west-southwest of Konitz on a map from 1908.
City Church
Schlochau Castle

As early as the beginning of the 13th century, Schlochau existed as a Pomoran settlement under Polish rule, conveniently located at the intersection of two old trade routes. In 1312 the Teutonic Order acquired Schlochau from Nikolaus von Poniec, a son of the Kalischer voivode , for 250 silver marks. The order built Schlochau Castle on the Schlossberg to the east of the village , which was completed in 1367. The entire complex comprised three outer castles and the castle building. The castle was used as the order's commandery as early as 1323. The castle settlement had developed so far that in 1348 the grand master of the order, Heinrich Dusemer , was able to grant it the Kulm town charter.

After the order had lost the Thirteen Years' War against the secessionist Prussian Confederation , Schlochau came to the autonomous Polish Prussia through the Second Peace of Thor in 1466, in accordance with the wishes of the secessionists . Schlochau then belonged to the Pomeranian Voivodeship . Among other things, this resulted in the influx of many Jews, so that a closed Jewish quarter developed in the north.

Funded by the Pomeranian Starosten Latal and due to the majority of the German population, the Reformation was introduced in Schlochau in 1550 . On the occasion of the establishment of the Union of Lublin on the Lublin Sejm , King Sigismund II unilaterally terminated the autonomy of Polish-Prussia on March 16, 1569 under threat of severe penalties. Due to this coup, the sovereignty of the Polish king in this part of the former territory of the Teutonic Order was perceived as foreign rule from 1569 to 1772.

As part of the Counter Reformation pursued by the Polish state to protect its influence, the town church had to be handed over to the Catholics in 1609. At the end of the 16th century there were 45 houses in Schlochau. In the Swedish-Polish War (1655–1657), the Swedes took the castle, which was considered to be invincible, and caused severe damage to the city.

Through the first partition of Poland-Lithuania in 1772, western Prussia and Schlochau under Friedrich II of Prussia were reunited with the eastern part of the Kingdom of Prussia to the extent that these parts had been connected with each other at the time of the Teutonic Order . Two city fires in 1786 and 1793 destroyed numerous houses. The reconstruction of the city was supported by King Friedrich Wilhelm II in such a way that he allowed the use of demolition material from the castle. The official buildings of the Royal Domain Office near the city were built from the building material. Then only the keep remained of the castle.

Following the 1818 reorganization of the Prussian district administration Schlochau county seat of was circle Schlochau in marienwerder the province of West Prussia . For the Protestant parish, a separate church was built between 1826 and 1828 in the area of ​​the old order castle based on a design by Karl Friedrich Schinkel , which included the old keep as a church tower. This church became the official seat of a superintendent whose diocese (church district) was a subdivision of the old Prussian church province of West Prussia .

The completion of the section of the road from Berlin to Königsberg through Schlochau and the connection to the Neustettin - Konitz railway line in 1878 were of great economic importance . As a result, several commercial enterprises settled at the train station to the east. As early as 1844, Schlochaus Hauptstrasse had street lighting, in 1865 the city hospital started operations and in 1871 the Kreissparkasse was opened.

Castle tower from the 14th century
Castle Park

Around 1905 there was a Protestant and a Catholic church in Schlochau, a synagogue, a castle ruin, a monument to Kaiser Wilhelm I , a preparatory institute, an agricultural winter school, an institute for the deaf and dumb and a district court.

With the loss of the larger parts of the Prussian provinces of Posen and West Prussia determined by the Versailles Treaty , Schlochau stayed with Germany, but ended up in the border area with Poland. The Polish border was now about 10 kilometers east of the city. On the one hand this caused serious damage to the economy and trade, cut off from a large part of its hinterland, on the other hand it caused a considerable influx of new residents from the lost areas. In the 1920s, the immigrants created new suburban settlements along the arterial roads. The city had a sports center and the district museum built. Administratively, the Schlochau district belonged to the newly formed Grenzmark Province of Posen-West Prussia from 1922 and was assigned to the Pomerania Province after its dissolution in 1938 .

Around 1930 the district of the city of Schlochau had an area of ​​73.9 km², and in the city area there were a total of 603 houses in 25 different places of residence:

  1. Schlochau station
  2. Buschwinkel
  3. Damrau
  4. Eichberge
  5. Elblag
  6. Forest house Borne
  7. Forsthaus Braunhirsch
  8. Forsthaus Lindenberg
  9. Forsthaus Mauersin
  10. Forest house Plittensee
  11. Forester's house in Pollnitz
  12. Forest secretary farm Lindenberg
  13. Grünhof
  14. Kaldau
  15. Lindenhof
  16. Müggenburg
  17. New territory
  18. Depression
  19. Oberförstereigehöft Lindenberg
  20. Lindenberg seed parlor
  21. Sanding
  22. Schlochau
  23. Mauersin forest workers' farm
  24. Forest workers' farm in Pollnitz
  25. small forest

In 1925 there were 5,237 inhabitants in Schlochau, who were distributed over 1,196 households.

In 1945 Schlochau belonged to the district of Schlochau in the administrative region Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia in the Prussian province of Pomerania of the German Empire .

In the autumn of 1944, the city authorities began evacuating the city as the front was approaching. At the end of January 1945 the Red Army had reached the district border, but encountered such great resistance that they could not conquer Schlochau until February 17, 1945. 60% of the city was destroyed. After the end of the war, Schlochau was placed under Polish administration in the summer of 1945 in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, along with all of Western Pomerania , all of West Prussia and the southern half of East Prussia . Then the immigration of Polish migrants began. The Polish place name Człuchów was introduced for Schlochau . The remaining German population was expelled from Schlochau in the period that followed .

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1810 1,126
1831 1,675 partly Catholic Poles , partly Protestant Germans, partly Jews
1864 2,816 thereof 1,313 Protestants and 1,013 Catholics
1870 2,900
1871 2,910 thereof 1,350 Evangelicals and 1,350 Catholics
1875 3,083
1880 3,252
1890 3,249 thereof 1,584 Protestants, 1,227 Catholics and 436 Jews
1905 3,531 thereof 1,499 Catholics and 243 Jews
1910 3,619 including 222 Jews
1924 5,279 after the incorporation of Kaldau and including the refugees from the east, 183 of them Jews
1925 5,237 including 2,822 Protestants, 2,195 Catholics and 167 Jews
1933 5,736
1937 approx. 6,200 of which 3,430 Protestants, 2,671 Catholics and 97 Jews
1939 6,029

traffic

The city lies at the intersection of the national road 25 from Koszalin ( Köslin ) to Bydgoszcz ( Bromberg ) and the national road 22 from Gorzów Wielkopolski ( Landsberg an der Warthe ) to Elbląg ( Elbing ).

Twin cities

On March 18, 1999, a partnership agreement was signed with the city of Uslar (Germany, Lower Saxony).

There are also partnerships with:

traffic

Człuchów is located at the intersection of state road 25 from Koszalin ( Köslin ) to Bydgoszcz ( Bromberg ) and state road 22 from Gorzów Wielkopolski ( Landsberg an der Warthe ) to Elbląg ( Elbing ).

Sons and daughters as well as famous people of the city

Rural Commune of Człuchów

The rural municipality of Człuchów, to which the city itself does not belong, covers an area of ​​361.65 km², which is 22.97% of the area of ​​the entire powiat Człuchowski . Its population is 11,116 (as of June 30, 2019).

literature

  • Manfred Vollack, Heinrich Lemke: The Schlochau district - a book from Prussian-Pomeranian homeland. Kiel 1974, ISBN 3-9800051-1-9 .

Web links

Commons : Człuchów  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ City website, Urząd Miejski , accessed on March 12, 2015
  3. ^ Hans Prutz : History of the Neustadt district in West Prussia . Danzig 1872, p. 104 .
  4. ^ A. Reusch: West Prussia under Polish scepter. Ceremonial speech given at the Elbinger Gymnasium on 13th Spt. 1872 . In: Altpreußieche Monatsschrift , NF, Volume 10, Königsberg 1873, pp. 140–154, especially p. 146 .
  5. ^ Hans Prutz : History of the Neustadt district in West Prussia . Danzig 1872, p. 104 ff .
  6. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia , Marienwerder 1789, p. 74-, No. 6.)
  7. ^ A b Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . Sixth edition, Volume 17, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 871.
  8. ↑ The Protestant church district of Schlochau came to the church province Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia in 1923 and when it was dissolved in 1941 it changed to the church province Pomerania .
  9. ↑ a b c Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association: The town of Schlochau in the former Schlochau district in Pomerania (2011)
  10. ↑ a b c d e f Manfred Vollack, Heinrich Lemke: The Schlochau district - a book from Prussian-Pomeranian homeland. Kiel 1974, ISBN 3-9800051-1-9 , p. 354.
  11. ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 379, no.11 .
  12. ^ E. Jacobson: Topographical-statistical manual for the administrative district Marienwerder , Danzig 1868, pp. 142–143, no. 277 .
  13. ^ Gustav Neumann: Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 55–56, item 11.
  14. ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. schlochau.html # ew39slocrschlsta. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  15. ^ City of Uslar: Partnerships . Retrieved March 21, 2011.