Spychowo

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Spychowo
Spychowo does not have a coat of arms
Spychowo (Poland)
Spychowo
Spychowo
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Szczytno
Gmina : Świętajno
Geographic location : 53 ° 36 '  N , 21 ° 21'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 36 '5 "  N , 21 ° 20' 49"  E
Residents : 1329 (2011)
Postal code : 12-150
Telephone code : (+48) 89
License plate : NSZ
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 59 : Giżycko - Mrągowo - Stare Kiełbonki ↔ Rozogi
Świętajno - Myszadło → Spychowo
Spychówko → Spychowo,
and: Nowy Zyzdrój - Spychowskie Piec → Spychowo
Rail route : Olsztyn – Ełk railway line
Next international airport : Danzig



Spychowo , 1946 to 1960 Pupy , ( German  Puppen ) is a village in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship . It belongs to the Gmina Świętajno (rural community Schwentainen , 1938 to 1945 Altkirchen (Eastern Pr.) ) In the Powiat Szczycieński ( Ortelsburg district ).

Geographical location

View of the Jezioro Spychowskie / Puppener See

Spychowo is located on the eastern shore of Lake Puppener See ( Jezioro Spychowskie in Polish ) in the southern center of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship , 24 kilometers east of the district town of Szczytno ( German Ortelsburg ).  

history

Local history

The later market town with the head forester's house and until the end of the 19th century called Groß Puppen (with the addition) received the founding privilege on May 24th (confirmed on July 2nd) 1787. The number of owners and the size of the village boundary remained constant until 1835. On July 16, 1874 United Dolls office Village and thus its name to an administrative district , the - there was, and until 1945 for - in 1900 in "District dolls renamed" District Szczytno in the Administrative district Königsberg (1905: Administrative district Allenstein ) in the Prussian province of East Prussia belonged .

From 1892, Groß Puppen was always named together with Bystrz (1938 to 1945 Brücknersmühl , Polish Bystrz ), Kipnik, Klein Puppen (Polish Spychówko ), Kurwig (1938 to 1945 Kurwick , Polish Kierwik ) and Puppen-Theerofen. In the 1880s, the connection to the Ortelsburg – Schwentainen / Altkirchen (Ostpr.) - Johannisburg railway line resulted in an economic boom.

Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population voted in the referendums in East and West Prussia on July 11, 1920 on whether they would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus Germany) or join Poland. In Puppen (including the Oberförsterei Puppen), 863 residents voted to remain in East Prussia, while Poland had one vote.

In 1939, Puppen counted 123 farms. The majority of the 702 workers included in the statistics found employment on site in the extensive and productive forest and in the local sawmill . In the same year the forest districts of Adamsverdruß (Polish: Szklarnia ), Bärenwinkel ( Niedźwiedzi Kąt ) and large and small dolls were assigned to the Puppen community.

As a result of the war, in 1945 all of southern East Prussia and with it the village of Puppen was handed over to Poland . Between 1946 and 1960, Puppen was called “Pupy” in Polish. Only since then does the village bear the Polish form of the name "Spychowo". As the seat of a Schulzenamt ( Sołectwo in Polish ), Spychowo is now part of the Gmina Świętajno (rural community Schwentainen , 1938 to 1945 Altkirchen (Eastern Pr.) ) In the powiat Szczycieński ( Ortelsburg district ), until 1998 the Olsztyn Voivodeship , since then the Warmian Voivodeship Masuria belonging.

Place name

Sculpture of Jurand ze Spychowa in Spychowo

The former German place name Puppen was derived from the old Prussian word “doll”, which meant “broad bean” or “pea”. The Polish form of the name "Pupy" between 1946 and 1960 was based on this. At the request of the villagers, the name was changed to "Spychowo" from 1961 by a council resolution of June 27, 1960.

Even if a sculpture of Jurand ze Spychowa has been set up in Spychowo , a relationship between Spychowo and this fictional character from the novel "The Crusaders" by Henryk Sienkiewicz is incomprehensible. The place name in the novel is "Spychów" and cannot be localized.

Population numbers

Amphitheater and forester's house in Spychowo
Fire station in Spychowo
year number Remarks
1874 598
1885 807
1895 1128
1905 1192
1910 1218
1925 1419
1933 1295
1939 1516
2011 1329

Trivia

The abundance of forests around dolls has always made the area very attractive. There was a hunting lodge here , which was considered to be the most beautiful of the five hunting residences in the Johannisburger Heide ( Puszcza Piska in Polish ). The then duke appreciated it. During the time of the rampant plague in 1548/49 and 1564/65 he moved his entire court here. Puppen was made up of a group of core settlements that had been established within reach of the palace between 1650 and 1787.

The abundance of forests also meant that the area around Puppen was particularly rich in game. In 1804 the last bear in East Prussia was shot here. The red deer population was among the largest in the province. That is why the Puppener Forst was assigned to the Kaiser and his son Eitel Friedrich as a hunting ground in 1914 . Also Hermann Goering was here his hunting ambitions run wild and even ordered the construction of a siding for special trains, although the war zunichtemachte his plans.

church

Church building

The church in Spychowo

The church, consecrated on April 2, 1905 - it was one of the East Prussian anniversary churches - is a brick building on a field stone foundation with a tower on the northeast side that continues the line of the wall. The altar niche in the northwest is just closing. The altar and pulpit are made of wood, the altar crucifix comes from Tyrol . The painting of the church was done by Carl Busch in Berlin , the organ was made by Bruno Goebel in Königsberg (Prussia) .

Parish

Evangelical

A Protestant parish was established in what was then Groß Puppen on July 1, 1898. Previously, the place was parish in the church Friedrichshof (Polish Rozogi ). The parish, to which a total of 1450 parishioners in the region belonged in 1925, including places in the Sensburg and Johannisburg districts . Until 1945 the parish of Puppen was included in the parish of Ortelsburg in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . After 1945, the Protestant residents of Spychowos, which were no longer very numerous, belonged to the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Poland . The Protestant church was occupied by Catholics during the service on September 23, 1979 and forcibly transferred to the Roman Catholic Church of the Diocese of Warmia . Today's Protestant parish church is the church in Szczytno .

Roman Catholic

The numerically few Catholics in dolls were parish in Ortelsburg before 1945 . As a result of the war, many new citizens, mostly Catholic, settled in Spychowo ( called Pupy until 1960 ). They claimed the evangelical church for themselves in a violent action in 1979. In 1981 the Curia in Olsztyn paid for the building and set up a parish in Spychowo , which belongs to the Rozogi (Friedrichshof) dean's office in what is now the Archdiocese of Warmia .

school

The Puppener village school was during the reign I. Friedrich Wilhelm founded. In 1931 the school received a modern new building in which six classes were taught.

traffic

Street

Spychowo is located on the busy national road 59 , which runs north-south through the southern Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship and connects the regions of Giżycko (Lötzen) , Mrągowo (Sensburg) and Szczytno (Ortelsburg) . Several side roads from the neighboring region connect Spychowo with the surrounding area.

Spychowo railway station on the Olsztyn – Ełk railway line

rail

Since 1884 there is in Puppen resp. Spychowo a train station on the line 219 from Olsztyn to Ełk ( German Allenstein-Lyck ) , which is now used by the Polish State Railways (PSK) .  

From 1915 to 1962 Puppen / Spychowo was the terminus of the railway line (Myszyniec–) Friedrichshof – Puppen , which at the time was operated by the Ortelsburger Kleinbahn , but was then abandoned.

Web links

Commons : Spychowo  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Wieś Spychowo w liczbach
  2. ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013 , p. 1188 (Polish)
  3. ^ Dietrich Lange, Geographical Location Register East Prussia (2005): Puppen
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k dolls at the Ortelsburg district community
  5. ↑ Rolf Jehke, district of Groß Puppen / Puppen
  6. ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 97
  7. ↑ Urząd Gminy Świętajno: Sołectwa (Polish)
  8. ↑ MP 1960 no 52 poz. 248 (Polish)
  9. ^ Uli Schubert, community directory, Ortelsburg district
  10. ↑ a b Michael Rademacher, local book, Ortelsburg district
  11. ↑ a b c Spychowo - dolls at ostpreussen.net
  12. ↑ a b Walther Hubatsch , History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Volume 2 Pictures of East Prussian Churches , Göttingen 1968, p. 131
  13. ↑ Walther Hubatsch, History of the Protestant Church of East Prussia , Volume 3 Documents , Göttingen 1968, p. 497
  14. ^ Andreas Kossert: Prussia, Germans or Poles? The Masurians in the field of tension of ethnic nationalism 1870–1956 . Ed .: German Historical Institute Warsaw . Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 2001, ISBN 3-447-04415-2 , p. 328 .