St. Lambertus (Düsseldorf)

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St. Lambertus (left) and the northern part of Burgplatz
Church building from the southeast
Floor plan from 1894
Detail of the main bronze portal by Ewald Mataré

Sankt Lambertus is one of four Roman Catholic churches in Düsseldorf's old town . It is the parish church of the enlarged parish of St. Lambertus Düsseldorf , which was created in 2011 through the merger of the parishes of St. Lambertus, St. Maximilian and St. Mary's Conception . Your parish fair forms the spiritual background of the " largest fair on the Rhine ".

Building

It is probably the oldest building and a landmark of the historic core city. The history of a previous building - presumably under the patronage of the Gerresheim canonical monastery and the St. Ursula monastery in Cologne - is documented by a document from Pope Hadrian IV dated May 23, 1159, but the origins lie well before this point in time. At the site of today's church there was a Romanesque court chapel, which was raised to a parish church in 1209 when Alt St. Martin was replaced in the village of Bilk . In connection with the Battle of Worringen and the city elevation of Düsseldorf by Adolf V. von Berg in 1288, a collegiate monastery was established here and the Lambertus Church as a collegiate church was awarded the title of Assumption of Mary ( Beatae Mariae Virginis assumtae ) . Pope Nicholas IV gave his consent with a breve of September 9, 1288 and commissioned Adolf, the abbot of Siegburg , with the establishment , since Siegfried von Westerburg , the archbishop of Cologne, was prevented by his imprisonment. The guardian regent Margarete von Ravensberg-Berg , her son Wilhelm , the first Duke of Berg , and his wife Anna generously sponsored the monastery in the course of their efforts to develop Düsseldorf into the capital and residence of their country as well as a place of pilgrimage . On March 1, 1392 they donated benefices for the posts of provost, scholaster, thesaurary and cantor, as well as ten other prebends. The church treasure was enlarged with important relics , including the bones of St. Apollinaris , which they had brought here from Remagen . From 1370 a hall church was built in the form of the Lower Rhine brick Gothic . Your choir built on the foundations of the Romanesque predecessor church. On July 12, 1394, the three-aisled building was inaugurated under the patronage of St. Mary , Thomas , Lambertus , Apollinaris, Severin and Anno . At that time the collegiate church had forty clergymen who served at twelve altars. With the burial of Duke Wilhelm the Rich († January 5, 1592), the collegiate church took over the function of the ducal burial place from Altenberg Cathedral, only to pass it on to the new Jülich-Bergische Hofkirche St. Andreas in 1642 . Many members of the ducal family were buried in the royal crypt in front of the altar of St. Peter, such as Anna of Bavaria († 1415), Margarete von Berg († 1484), Jolante von Bar († 1421), Duke Adolf I († 1437) ), Elisabeth von Nassau († 1479), Amalie von Jülich-Kleve-Berg († 1586), Jakobe von Baden-Baden († 1597, until 1820 in the Kreuzherrenkirche ), Johann Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg († 1609, laid out in the castle chapel until 1628 ) and Katharina Charlotte von Pfalz-Zweibrücken († 1651). The chancellor of Jülich-Kleve-Berg, Johann Ghogreff , was also granted the honor of a burial in the church. Storm damage in 1606 and the damage to the church from the explosion of a nearby powder tower on August 10, 1634 made a renovation of the interior necessary: ​​the high altar designed by the architect Michael Cagnon , the four side altars, the pulpit and the confessionals were over the years 1691–1698 and have been preserved to this day.

After a fire in 1815, the spire was replaced by Adolph von Vagedes . Since wood that was too fresh and therefore damp was probably used, the roof twisted. Legend has it that the devil twisted the steeple in a fit of rage when he tried to tear the church out. When the roof was renewed as a result of the damage of World War II, it was rebuilt twisted at the request of the population. That's why people sometimes speak of the leaning tower of Düsseldorf today . The new west portal from the 1950s is the work of the sculptor Ewald Mataré .

As a parish church , the church is dedicated to St. Lambertus , a martyr who was murdered in Liège in 705 . In the people's altar one is the shrine with the relics of St. Apollinaris kept, this is called since 1394 patron saint revered Düsseldorf. The silver-gilded shrine was donated by Duke Philipp Wilhelm in 1665. In the church treasure there is also a Romanesque head reliquary , the content of which is ascribed to either St. Candidus or St. Vitalis.

The tomb of Duke Wilhelm V von Jülich-Kleve-Berg in the middle of the ambulatory of the hall church is the most important work of art of the Renaissance in Düsseldorf. Wilhelm was a supporter of humanism in the style of Erasmus of Rotterdam and one of the most important rulers from the noble family Mark .

On May 15, 1614, the sovereign, Count Palatine and Duke Wolfgang Wilhelm , solemnly announced his conversion to Catholicism in the Lambertus Church, at that time still the church of the court of Jülich-Berg , in order to assert his claims to power with the support of the Catholic League in the Jülich-Klevian succession dispute to back up.

In 1974 the church was given by Pope Paul VI. bestowed the title of papal minor basilica .

Art monuments

Church window

The church windows in St. Lambertus were designed in the early 1960s by the following artists: Ludwig Baur , 1958–1964; Vincenz Pieper , around 1960/1961; Robert Rexhausen, 1962.

organ

The two organs of the Lambertus Church were built by the Austrian organ builder Rieger .

Tower organ

Tower organ

The large tower organ in the French-Romantic style was completed in 1999. The instrument has 54 stops on three manuals and a pedal . It can be played from two gaming tables : a built-in gaming table with a mechanical action mechanism , and a mobile one with an electric action mechanism . The stop action is electric.

I Grand Orgue C – a 3
1. Montre 16 ′
2. Bourdon 16 ′
3. Montre 08th'
4th Bourdon 08th'
5. Flûte harmonique0 08th'
6th Viol 08th'
7th Prestant 04 ′
8th. Flute 04 ′
9. Duplicate 02 ′
10. Fittings IV 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
11. Cymbals 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
12. Cornet V 08th'
13. Bombard 16 ′
14th Trumpets 08th'
15th Clairon 04 ′
II positive C – a 3
16. Montre 08th'
17th Bourdon 08th'
18th Salicional 08th'
19th Prestant 04 ′
20th Flute 04 ′
21st Sesquialtera II 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
22nd Quarte de Nazard 02 ′
23. Larigot 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
24. Fittings IV 01'
25th Trumpets 08th'
26th Cromorne 08th'
Tremblant
III Récit C – a 3
27. Bourdon 16 ′
28. Dumped 08th'
29 Flûte creuse 08th'
30th Viol 08th'
31. Voix céleste 08th'
32. Prestant 04 ′
33. Flûte octaviante 04 ′
34. Nazard 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
35. Octavine 02 ′
36. Tierce 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
37. Piccolo 01'
38. Plein Jeu V 02 ′
39. Basson 16 ′
40. Trumpets 08th'
41. Hautbois 08th'
42. Clairon 04 ′
43. Voix humaine 08th'
Tremblant
Pedale C – f 1
44. Soubasse 32 ′
45. Montre 16 ′
46. Soubasse 16 ′
47. Principal 08th'
48. Bourdon 08th'
49. Flute 04 ′
50. Contrebombarde 32 ′
51. Bombard 16 ′
52. Basson 16 ′
53. Trumpets 08th'
54. Clairon 04 ′
  • Pairing :
    • Normal coupling (mechanical): II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
    • Sub-octave coupling (electrical): III / III, III / I
    • Super octave coupling (electrical): III / III, III / I, III / P
  • Playing aids : 256-fold typesetting system , sequencer, crescendo step (4 programs), memory card system

Choir organ

Choir organ

The choir organ is located in a baroque front case . It comes from the Rieger Orgelbau company , was completed in 2004 and has 22 stops on two manuals and a pedal.

I Grand Orgue C – a 3
1. Bourdon 16 ′
2. Montre 08th'
3. Bourdon 08th'
4th Flûte harmonique 08th'
5. Prestant 04 ′
6th Flûte à cheminée 04 ′
7th Duplicate 02 ′
8th. Fittings IV 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
9. Cornet III 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
10. Basson 16 ′
11. Trumpets 08th'
II Récit C – a 3
12. Bourdon 08th'
13. Viol 08th'
14th Voix céleste 08th'
15th Flûte octaviante 04 ′
16. Octavine 02 ′
17th Hautbois 08th'
Tremblant
Pedale C – f 1
18th Soubasse 16 ′
19th Montre 08th'
20th Bourdon 08th'
21st Flute 04 ′
22nd Bombard 16 ′
  • Pairing :
    • Normal coupling: II / I, I / P, II / P
    • Sub-octave coupling: II / I, II / II
    • Super octave coupling: II / I, II / II, II / P

Bells

A seven-part bronze bell hangs in the tower, which was cast in 1987 by the Gescheraner bell foundry Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock . The ringing motif of the 4 large bells is “Victimae paschali laudes” (“ Christ has risen ”), the 3 small bells with their major triad form the crown of sound.

Only two small bronze bells remain from the historical bells. A bell was cast in 1462 by Art de Wilde van Venlo. Strike tone is c 2 . It is only rung as a soloist. The second has the strike note g 2 and was cast by Christian Claren from Sieglar.

No. Surname Ø (mm) Mass (kg) Nominal inscription
1 Lambertus 1875 4400 a 0 SUBIECTI ET DILIGENTES INVICEM IN TIMORE CHRISTI SACRAMENTUM HOC MAGNUM EST - AD MCMLXXXVII - ORA PRO CONIUGIBUS ET FAMILIIS ET ECCLESIA CHRISTI Submissive
and mutual lovers live in fear of Christ, this sacrament is great. - In the year of the Lord 1987. - Prayer for spouses and families and the Church of Christ.
2 Apollinaris 1665 2960 h 0 ERITIS MIHI TESTES SANCTE APOLLINARIS - AD MCMLXXXVII - ORA PRO CIVITATE TUA
You will witness me, St. Apollinaris. - In the year of the Lord 1987. - Pray for your citizens.
3 Maria 1385 1700 d 1 MARY IN NEED - PRAY FOR US - MARY IN NEED - 1 9 8 7 - WE TAKE OUR REFUGE TO YOU
4th Margareta 1220 1140 e 1 STA MARGARETA ORA PRO NOBIS ANUNTIO PACEM - AD MCMLXXXVII
Saint Margaret, pray for us, I announce peace. - In the year of the Lord 1987.
5 Sebastian 1022 690 g 1 SAINT SEBASTIAN 1 9 8 7 BE EXAMPLE AND GUARDIAN ANGEL FOR Sagittarius
6th Joseph 800 320 h 1 DEI ADIUTORES ET AEDIFICATIO SUMUS ORA PRO NOBIS SANCTE JOSEPH MCMLXXXVII
We are God's helpers and builders.
7th Caritas 675 200 d 2 VIVIS ET DEFUNCTIS CARITAS CHRISTI URGET NOS - AD MCMLXXXVII - WERNER DREHSEN CARITAS DIRECTOR 1947–1985 - PRIOR TO ST. LAMBERTUS 1966–1981
The living and the dead, the love of Christ oppresses us. - In the year of the Lord 1987.
8th rosary - - c 2 -
9 Sacristy bell - - g 2 -

Ringing motif : Victimae paschali laudes = Sequentia Dominica Resurrectionis ( Praise to God No. 320)

\ relative c '{\ clef "petrucci-g" \ override Staff.TimeSignature #' stencil = ## f \ set Score.timing = ## f \ override Voice.NoteHead # 'style = #' harmonic-black \ key c \ major b1 a1 b1 d1 e1 d1 b1 b1} \ addlyrics {Vi- cti- mae pas- chalau- des}

graveyard

Düsseldorf's first cemetery is hidden under the square of St. Lambertus Church. The deceased were buried in the church yard, today's Stiftsplatz.

"We find the first documentary mention in 1303. Since the city of Düsseldorf existed before that, it can be assumed that the resting place also existed before." ( Benedikt Mauer, Stadtarchiv Düsseldorf ).

Some interior views

See also

literature

  • Bernhard Gustav Bayerle: The Catholic Churches in Düsseldorf, from their origins to the most recent times. A contribution to the history of the city. Carpenter u. a., Düsseldorf 1844, online .
  • Karl Leopold Strauven: The princely mausoleums of Düsseldorf in the St. Lambertus Church, the Kreuzbrüder and Court (St. Andreas) Church. Becker, Düsseldorf 1879, online .
  • Theo Lücker: Stones speak. Small signpost through Düsseldorf's old town . Verlag T. Ewers, Düsseldorf 1977, pp. 36-39 [No. 17 The Lambertus Church].

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hugo Weidenhaupt : Brief history of the city of Düsseldorf . Triltsch Verlag, Düsseldorf 1983, p. 23
  2. ^ Ludwig Küpper: History of the Catholic community in Düsseldorf . In: Geschichtsverein Düsseldorf (Hrsg.): History of the city of Düsseldorf . Düsseldorf 1888, p. 66
  3. ↑ Axel Kolodziej : Duke Wilhelm I von Berg (1380-1408) , VDS-Verlagsdruckerei Schmidt GmbH, Neustadt an der Aisch 2005, ISBN 3-87707-639-4 , p. 165.
  4. ↑ Annette Fimpeler-Philippen, Sonja Schürmann: The castle in Düsseldorf. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 1999, ISBN 3-7700-1120-1 , pp. 17-18.
  5. ↑ Ludwig Küpper, p. 68
  6. ↑ Annette Fimpeler-Philippen, Sonja Schürmann, p. 30.
  7. ^ Richard Klapheck: The architecture on the Lower Rhine. By Jan Wellem and the architecture of the century Karl Theodor von der Pfalz . Second volume, Unikum Verlag, 2013, p. 55
  8. ↑ Illustration: Different designs for the design of the tower dome of St. Lambertus by Adolph von Vagedes , Stadtarchiv Düsseldorf, Stadtgeschichte, 1815, accessed on August 1, 2016
  9. ^ Ludwig Küpper: History of the Catholic community in Düsseldorf . In: Geschichtsverein Düsseldorf (Hrsg.): History of the city of Düsseldorf . Düsseldorf 1888, p. 89
  10. ↑ Brigitte Falk: Portrait reliquaries. On the origin and development of the metal head, bust and half-figure reliquaries in the Middle Ages. DuMont Schauberg, Cologne 1993, p. 175 ( Aachener Kunstblätter . 59, 1991/93, ISSN  0515-0612 ), (At the same time: Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 1992).
  11. ^ JF Wilhelmi: Panorama of Düsseldorf and its surroundings. JHC Schreiner'sche Buchhandlung, Düsseldorf 1828, p. 45.
  12. ^ Düsseldorf, Kath. Kirche St. Lambertus , in the portal glasmalerei-ev.de (Stiftung Forschungsstelle Glasmalerei des 20. Jahrhundert eV), accessed on February 9, 2018
  13. ↑ Information about the dispositions on the website of the municipality
  14. ↑ Information about the main organ on the website of the builder company
  15. ↑ Data sheet for the choir organ on the website of the organ builder
  16. ↑ a b Gerhard Hoffs: Düsseldorf-Altstadt, St. Lambertus ( Memento of the original dated November 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.7 MB) Bell music of the Catholic churches in Düsseldorf, pp. 22–29. Retrieved August 19, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.glockenbuch.de
  17. ↑ These are the oldest cemeteries in Düsseldorf WAZ.de

Web links

Commons : St. Lambertus Düsseldorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 51 ° 13 ′ 41 ″  N , 6 ° 46 ′ 17 ″  E