Bar (Montenegro)

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Bar
Бар
Coat of arms of Bar (Montenegro)
Bar (Montenegro) (Montenegro)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : MontenegroMontenegro Montenegro
Municipality : bar
Coordinates : 42 ° 6 '  N , 19 ° 6'  E Coordinates: 42 ° 6 '8 "  N , 19 ° 6' 2"  E
Height : 4  m. i. J.
Area : 598  km²
Residents : 13,503 (2011)
Population density : 23 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code : (+382) 030
License plate : BR
Others
Patron saint : St. Jovan Vladimir (Johannes Wladimir)

Bar ( Cyrillic Бар , Italian Antivari , Albanian Tivari / Tivar ) is located in the municipality of the same name in Montenegro on the east coast of the Adriatic Sea . The city has an important seaport. From here ferries run to Bari and Ancona in Italy . The harbor is also the starting point of about Podgorica to Belgrade leading Belgrade-Bar railway . Commerce and tourism are the main industries bars. There is a large tank farm south of the bay.

Bar is the seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Bar .

population

According to the 2011 census, the city ​​itself has 13,503 inhabitants. Of these, 6901 (51.11%) declared themselves as Montenegrins , 4487 (33.23%) as Serbs , 410 (3.04%) as Bosniaks , 273 (2.02%) as ethnic Muslims and 121 each (0.90) %) as Albanians and Croats . In addition, a smaller number of members of other ethnicities or identities live in bar. A further 787 people (5.83%) did not give any information about their ethnic affiliation.

The entire municipality of Bar had 42,048 inhabitants in 2011, of whom 19,553 (46.5%) were Montenegrins , 10,656 (25.34%) were Serbs , 3,236 (7.7%) were ethnic Muslims , 2,515 (5.98%) ) referred to as Albanians and 2,153 (5.12%) as Bosniaks . In addition to members of other ethnic groups or identities, 2,097 people (4.99%) did not provide any information about their ethnic affiliation.

Population development of the city
census 1948 1953 1961 1971 1981 1991 2003 2011
Residents 897 1113 2184 3612 6742 10,971 13,719 13,503

history

In ancient times, the area around bars was inhabited by the Illyrians . There was no city in Roman times , but Emperor Justinian had an older fort rebuilt in the 6th century after the area had been devastated by the Serbs . In the 9th century Bar was first mentioned as an antibarium and the diocese was founded. In the late 10th century, Bar became one of the centers of the now Slavic principality (Doclea) of Zeta , which gradually broke away from Byzantine rule in the 11th and 12th centuries .

The last period of Byzantine rule dates from 1166 to 1183. After that, Stefan Nemanja conquered the Adriatic coast and Bar became part of the Serbian state of the Nemanjids . From the 14th century, the city changed hands frequently. At times the Venetians , the Hungarian or Serbian kings and princes from the Balšić family ruled the city. From 1443 to 1571 Bar was under the rule of the Republic of Venice, which installed a capitano as regent here , who was subordinate to the Provveditore of Kotor ( Cattaro ). From the Middle Ages to the end of Venetian rule, the bar enjoyed internal autonomy, had its own municipal statute and minted its own coins.

Bar was captured by the Ottomans for the first time in 1528, and finally in 1571 it had to be completely left to them.

In 1877 the Montenegrin bar attacked and shelled the city, which was largely destroyed in the process. At the Berlin Congress in 1878, the Principality of Montenegro was awarded Bar and Ulcinj and thus gained access to the sea. Bar, which had been in decline since the 18th century, struggled to recover from the war damage. The most destroyed neighborhoods were not built any more and the population stagnated at around 3,000.

In 1904 the Italian Guglielmo Marconi established a wireless radio link between Bar and Bari on the other side of the Adriatic . On November 2, 1908, the city received the first rail connection in Montenegro with the Antivari Railway to Virpazar on Lake Skadar . In January 1916, Bar was occupied by Austrian troops during the First World War .

After the war, the city became part of Yugoslavia , and tourism began in the 1920s . During the Second World War , Bar was part of the Italian occupation from 1941. In July 1941, the first resistance actions of Yugoslav partisans began in the area .

In 1959 the city received the standard-gauge railway connection to Titograd (Podgorica) , but the Belgrade – Bar line was not completed until 1979 . The narrow-gauge railway to Virpazar from 1908 was discontinued the following year.

In 1979, Bar was destroyed by a severe earthquake , the old town was abandoned and a new town was built directly on the coast.

Attractions

After the earthquake in 1979, the old town ( Stari Bar ) , located on a hill inland, was abandoned and the bar was rebuilt directly on the coast. The cityscape is characterized by new apartment blocks, some high-rise buildings and large hotel complexes. The port area takes up a lot of space. The Montenegrin royal yacht Rumija has been aground in the port since 1915 .

In the abandoned old town on the slopes of the Rumija Mountains, some buildings have now been restored. The Romanesque St. Mark's Church, the Gothic Church of St. Catherine, the Episcopal Palace and a large aqueduct on the north side of the city are worth seeing . Large parts of the old town have been ruins since the bombardment in the Ottoman-Montenegrin War in 1877.

Cash is the old olive tree of Mirovica , which is at an age of about 2300 years, one of the oldest copies of the region.

  • Old town ruins

  • Palace at the port

  • Olive tree, Mirovica

  • Omar Bashitsa Mosque

Sports

Bar is the home of the OFK Bar football club, which was founded in 2001 .

sons and daughters of the town

Twin cities

See also

literature

  • Savo Marković: Statuta et leges civitatis Antibari . Povijesni prilozi 21 (2002), pp. 19-41.
  • Mladen Zagarčanin: Stari Bar. Keramika venecijanskog doba . Koper 2004.
  • Savo Marković: Stanovništvo srednjovjekovnog Bara . Perast 2014.

Web links

Commons : Bar  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Ethnic composition of Montenegro 2011. In: pop-stat.mashke.org. Retrieved July 26, 2018 .
  2. ↑ Montenegro censuses. In: pop-stat.mashke.org. Retrieved July 29, 2018 .
  3. ^ Nuremberg, Office for International Relations