Tornado outbreak from 23-25. December 2015

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Tornado outbreak from 23-25. December 2015
GOES 13 satellite image of thunderstorms over the eastern United States on December 23
GOES 13 satellite image of thunderstorms over the eastern United States on December 23
classification Tornado outbreak
Data
Beginning 23rd December 2015
Max value on Fujita scale EF4
The End December 25, 2015
Number of tornadoes 38
Max. Hail size 7 cm ( Craighead County AR,
Hinds County MS, Dec. 23, 2015
Dec. 24, 2015 )
strongest winds 145-160 km / h ( Black Gnat , KY , December 23, 2015 )
consequences
affected areas Mississippi , Tennessee , Indiana , Illinois , Alabama

The tornado outbreak from December 23-25, 2015 was the first of two tornado outbreaks that occurred in December 2015, mostly in the Midwest and the southern states . A number of supercells generated tornadoes primarily in northern Mississippi state and central Tennessee , killing at least 13 people and injuring many more. To the north, the tornado outbreak extended to Indiana and Michigan .

Meteorological summary

On the evening of December 23rd, a significant tornado outbreak affected the Midwest and the Southern States, generating tornadoes primarily in Illinois , Indiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee. One of the first tornadoes in the series was an EF1 tornado that hit Greenwood , Indiana and severely damaged several homes. Another tornado damaged homes in Noblesville , a suburb of Indianapolis . In Illinois, not far from Sciota, a tornado damaged several outbuildings and uprooted trees. Also part of the outbreak was the only known hurricane touchdown in Michigan in a December; the EF1 tornado hit a suburb of Detroit . There, in Canton , there was substantial damage to vehicles, an industrial park and a gas station. Further south, an EF2 tornado near Marianna , Arkansas destroyed several mobile homes and covered homes. A large EF3 tornado eventually touched south of Clarksdale , Mississippi; two people were killed here and around 15 houses were destroyed or badly damaged. The tornado continued northeast, breaking trees and destroying homes near Marks and Como before disintegrating. Another tornado east of Como stems from the same supercell. This EF4 tornado struck Holly Springs , where the impact killed two people, destroyed a motor sports facility and destroyed many homes. Several other people were killed along the further path of this tornado near Ashland , where the tornado destroyed several houses and tore up the pavement. The Holly Springs tornado eventually reached Tennessee state, causing severe damage at Middleton before destroying several homes in the Selmer area and killing 10 people before disintegrating. Another destructive EF3 tornado hit the small town of Lutts after dark, destroying several houses and a church and razing the town's post office to the ground. Significant tornado activity continued in parts of Mississippi and Tennessee that night, including with an EF2 tornado that killed an elderly couple in their small floating home near Linden , Tennessee. On December 24th, at least eight people were killed and many injured in the outbreak. Tornado activity was sporadic on December 24th and 25th, including a high-end EF2 tornado that wreaked havoc in southwestern Birmingham , Alabama on Christmas Day .

Confirmed tornadoes

Confirmed
totally 		Confirmed
EF0 		Confirmed
EF1 		Confirmed
EF2 		Confirmed
EF3 		Confirmed
EF4 		Confirmed
EF5
38 12 18th 5 2 1 0

Event of December 23rd

List of Confirmed Tornadoes - Wednesday December 23, 2015
EF # place County / Parish S. Start coordinate Time ( UTC ) Path length Max. Width damage
 Summary Supporting documents)
EF0 SSW from Moncks Corner Berkeley SC 33 ° 9  '14.4 " N , 80 ° 1' 31.4"  W. 0827-0828 0.3 km 90 m 18,000 Short tornado that destroyed a shed and swirled wooden pallets and roofing material; the roof of the shed was moved 100 m.
EF1 OSO from Bee Branch Van Buren AR 35 ° 26 '4.2 "  N , 92 ° 20' 27.2"  W. 1420-1421 0.29 km 70 m 80,000 short and weak tornado that destroyed a house east of Bee Branch and drove a piece of wood into the side wall of a house
EF1 OSO from Van Buren Carter MO 36 ° 55 '11.3 "  N , 90 ° 55' 58.1"  W. 1543-1551 10 km 90 m 90,000 An old schoolhouse was almost completely destroyed and hundreds of trees broke or were uprooted.
EF1 W from Mill Spring Wayne MO 37 ° 4 ′ 12 "  N , 90 ° 46 ′ 21.4"  W. 1556-1559 4.75 km 45 m 5,000 Several trees broken off or uprooted, large branches broken off
EF1 NO from Patterson Wayne MO 37 ° 11 ′ 6.4 "  N , 90 ° 33 ′ 49"  W. 1608-1612 4.89 km 70 m 50,000 Many trees were broken off or uprooted.
EF0 O from Ava Jackson IL 37 ° 52 '48 "  N , 89 ° 28" 54.1 "  W. 1715-1721 10 km 45 m 5,000 numerous trees broken or uprooted
EF1 O from Pinckneyville to Tamaroa Perry IL 38 ° 4 '48 "  N , 89 ° 17' 50.3"  W. 1723-1729 8.1 km 180 m 175,000 Numerous trees fell or were uprooted, several barns were badly damaged, and several houses suffered varying degrees of roof damage.
EF1 SW of Albion Wayne
Edwards 		IL 38 ° 20 '59.6 "  N , 88 ° 11' 21.8"  W. 1830-1836 6.89 km 90 m 13,000 Some trees were uprooted and some more were broken. The roof of a residential building was partially covered and the roof of a barn was damaged.
EF1 NW of Carmi White IL 38 ° 4 ′ 48 "  N , 88 ° 11 ′ 51.4"  W. 1832-1835 2.54 km 90 m 75,000 Trees were uprooted or broken off.
EF1 Greenwood Johnson IN 39 ° 36 '22 "  N , 86 ° 9' 49.7"  W. 2042-2043 0.5 km 40 m 250,000 Three houses were damaged and several trees were uprooted.
EF3 NNE from Shelby to E from Como Bolivar , Coahoma , Quitman , Panola MS 34 ° 0 ′ 9.4 "  N , 90 ° 42 ′ 45.4"  W. 2054-2157 99.09 km 730 m 2,354,000 2 dead, 21 injured - utility poles knocked down at Shelby during EF0 strength of the tornado before reaching EF3 strength at Clarksdale , where it tore trees and blew timber frame houses and mobile homes from their foundations. Aircraft and metal buildings at an airfield in this region were destroyed. EF1 tree damage occurred at Marks and Sledge before the tornado again at the top of the EF3 step between Como and Sardis , where a small brick building was completely razed to the ground. After that, the tornado dissolved east of Como.
EF1 Noblesville Hamilton IN 40 ° 0 ′ 57.6 "  N , 86 ° 4 ′ 18.5"  W. 2055-2057 1.1 km 130 m 50,000 A mobile home was overturned and destroyed, and a trampoline was blown against a mailbox.
EF2 S by Marianna lee AR 34 ° 29 ′ 38.4 "  N , 90 ° 46 ′ 26.8"  W. 2057-2102 7.48 km 90 m 100,000 The tornado dismantled grain bunkers, covered the roof of a brick house, destroyed a mobile home and damaged huts.
EF1 WNW Williamstown Rush , Decatur IN 39 ° 27 '6.8 "  N , 85 ° 28" 57.7 "  W. 2113-2115 1.26 km 50 m 25,000 The tornado dismantled a wheat silo, covered a house, destroyed a mobile home and damaged several huts.
EF0 S of Pueblo Spencer IN 37 ° 48 '19.8 "  N , 87 ° 7' 9.8"  W. 2139-2142 3.2 km 45 m 3000 three branches and small trees broken off
EF0 O from Fountain City to Bethel Wayne IN 39 ° 57 '36 "  N , 84 ° 52' 48"  W. 2157-2205 5.23 km 27 m 150,000 Several outbuildings were destroyed and barns damaged. Before the tornado resolved, it hit Bethel, where the chimney collapsed and the roof on a church was damaged.
EF4 NNE from Sardis, MS to NE from Selmer, TN Tate (MS) , Marshall (MS) , Benton (MS) , Tippah (MS) , Hardeman (TN) , McNairy (TN) MS , TN 34 ° 35  '43.8 " N , 89 ° 42' 19.8"  W. 2210-2325 120.85 km 1200 m 10,922,000 9 dead - see section on this tornado

EF0 O from Arcanum Darke OH 39 ° 59 ′ 24 ″  N , 84 ° 31 ′ 12 ″  W. 2212-2215 0.05 km 18 m 6000 The short-lived tornado covered the roof of a large metal structure.
EF1 SW of Sciota to S of Roseville McDonough , Warren IL 40 ° 32 '20.8 "  N , 90 ° 47' 0.2"  W. 2215-2230 17.2 km 45 m 0 Outbuildings were destroyed and some trees fell.
EF0 WSW from Reynolds to E of Andalusia Mercer , Rock Island IL 41 ° 18 ′ 55.1 "  N , 90 ° 46 ′ 23.2"  W. 2234-2238 3.62 km 45 m 0 Several trees and tree branches broke off.
EF1 Hiawatha Linn IA 42 ° 3 '2.5 "  N , 91 ° 43' 18.8"  W. 2234-2238 3.62 km 45 m 0 The roofs and facades of around 12 buildings were damaged. Trees uprooted or broken off.
EF1 SW of Jackson Madison TN 35 ° 33 '17.6 "  N , 89 ° 4' 22.4"  W. 2243-2244 1.95 km 45 m 25,000 Several houses, barns and outbuildings were damaged.
EF1 Canton Wayne MI 42 ° 19 ′ 48 "  N , 83 ° 27 ′ 43.2"  W. 2343-2346 3.15 km 90 m 500,000 The tornado knocked down trees in residential areas and tore off branches. He caused significant damage to buildings and vehicles in an industrial park and tore down the metal roof of a gas station. The tornado was the only known tornado observed in Michigan in a December.
EF1 NW of Luxembourg Dubuque IA 42 ° 36 '29.9 "  N , 91 ° 5' 55"  W. 2338-2340 1.8 km 23 m 0 Trees and outbuildings on two farms were damaged.
EF1 W by Booneville Prentiss MS 34 ° 39 '43.9 "  N , 88 ° 41' 10.7"  W. 0016-0020 6.32 km 75 m 100,000 Several mobile homes were damaged or destroyed, trees were uprooted and one house was moved from its foundations.
EF2 SSE from Linden to SW from Centerville Perry , Hickman TN 35 ° 32 '59.6 "  N , 87 ° 48' 52.2"  W. 0017-0032 24.01 km 450 m 2,000,000 2 dead - numerous barns, stables and outbuildings were destroyed, as well as a small floating house on US Highway 412 (the fatal victims were made here). Brick buildings went strong in Perry County and several other homes were damaged in Hickman County. In addition, hundreds of trees were knocked down along the tornado path.
EF3 SW of Lutts to SW of Mount Pleasant Wayne , Lawrence , Maury , Lewis TN 35 ° 8 '7.1 "  N , 87 ° 57' 54.4"  W. 0055-0152 77.86 km 730 m 5,210,000 A strong tornado hit Lutts, razing the post office, razing a church and blowing several unanchored houses from their foundations. The tornado moved north of Collinwood and crossed the intersection of US Highway 64 and Natchez Trace Parkway , where an outbuilding and the roof of a mobile home were destroyed. In Lawrence County, another house was blown from its foundations and several other houses were covered or badly damaged. A barn was destroyed in Maury County. Thousands of trees were knocked down along the train path and seven people were injured, four in Lutts and three in a house in Lawrence County.
EF2 N of Waterloo, AL to WNW of Cypress Inn, TN Lauderdale (AL) , Wayne (TN) AL , TN 34 ° 57 '14.4 "  N , 88 ° 4' 23.2"  W. 0100-0117 23.93 km 370 m > 100,000 In Lauderdale County, much of the roofs were covered by two houses and a church, and another house was slightly damaged. Numerous trees were knocked down. In Wayne County, the tornado destroyed a house and knocked down dozens of other trees before rising from the ground. One person was injured in the tornado in Lauderdale County.
EF1 S from Butler Pendleton KY 38 ° 43 '0.1 "  N , 84 ° 22' 15.6"  W. 0111-0116 6.04 km 400 m 120,000 An anchored mobile home was overturned, a barn was destroyed and three others damaged, one of which was covered. A mobile home was lifted three to five meters above a group of trees, then fell to the ground and was destroyed. Heavy components of a horse stable were carried away 45 m. One house was partially covered and two other buildings were structurally damaged. Numerous trees along the path were knocked down and two people were injured.
EF2 SE from Alexandria to SE from Lancaster DeKalb , Smith TN 36 ° 3 '41 "  N , 85 ° 58' 14.9"  W. 0414-0424 13.47 km 230 m 400,000 Roofs of three houses and a log cabin were slightly damaged, two barns were badly damaged, and a garage and a small shed were destroyed. Another house was covered and two walls on the second floor torn away, as well as two outside verandas and a carport. Numerous trees along the path of the tornado, which crossed Smith Fork Creek seven times between Temperance Hall and Lancaster, were uprooted.
EF0 Parkersburg Wood WV 39 ° 14 '50.6 "  N , 81 ° 35' 47.8"  W. 0425-0426 0.29 km 23 m 100,000 A short tornado caused damage to the roofs of various buildings in Parkersburg, and the roof of an old church was completely covered.

Event of December 24th

List of Confirmed Tornadoes - Wednesday December 24, 2015
EF # place County / Parish S. Start coordinate Time ( UTC ) Path length Max. Width damage
 Summary Supporting documents)
EF0 O from Comer Barbour AL 32 ° 1 '37.2 "  N , 85 ° 20' 20.4"  W. 0941-0948 5.8 km 90 m 0 Several trees along US Highway 82 were knocked down.
EF0 WNW by Clayton Barbour AL 31 ° 52 ′ 58.4 "  N , 85 ° 35 ′ 30.5"  W. 1034-1040 5.09 km 114 m 0 Two barns were damaged and numerous trees were knocked down.
EF0 SW of Culloden Upson County GA 32 ° 49 '16.3 "  N , 84 ° 8' 3.1"  W. 1829-1830 0.32 km 75 m 15,000 Several trees were broken or knocked down and a small shed was damaged.

Event of December 25th

List of Confirmed Tornadoes - Wednesday December 25, 2015
EF # place County / Parish S. Start coordinate Time ( UTC ) Path length Max. Width damage
 Summary Supporting documents)
EF1 Shelbyville Bedford TN 35 ° 29 ′ 42 "  N , 86 ° 24 ′ 35.6"  W. 1313-1319 0.77 km 70 m 50,000 Two large sections of the roof of a factory were demolished, pebbles of the flat roof were hurled in all directions, damaging several vehicles. Six empty trailers were thrown around and over each other. Windows and doors on another factory building were torn out and a carport was damaged. In other places, buildings were uprooted and some metal shields were torn down.
EF0 SO from Coaling Tuscaloosa AL 33 ° 6 '22.7 "  N , 87 ° 20' 50.3"  W. 2129-2142 8.01 km 170 m 0 The weak tornado knocked down a few dozen trees.
EF0 SO from Pineville Smith MS 32 ° 6 '19.1 "  N , 89 ° 22' 35.8"  W. 2151-2152 1.19 km 45 m 12,600 A chicken house was damaged and several trees were knocked down.
EF2 S of Midfield Jefferson AL 33 ° 26 '35.9 "  N , 86 ° 54' 49.3"  W. 2255-2259 1.42 km 120 m 0 A short but strong tornado at the top end of level EF2 affected residential areas in southwest Birmingham. Around 50 houses were damaged to varying degrees, but 15 of them became uninhabitable. Two of the houses were razed to the ground. A vehicle was impaled through a 6 cm × 12 cm beam. Numerous trees were broken and uprooted along the train path. Two people were injured.

Holly Springs / Ashland, Mississippi – Selmer, Tennessee

EF4 damage to a large residential building near Canaan, MS

This strong and deadly "wedge tornado" - as storm chasers informally call a tornado with a diameter larger than the distance between the ground and the cloud - came into contact with the ground in Tate County , Mississippi, southwest of Holly Springs and initially only caused category EF0 tree damage. The tornado quickly intensified, reaching Category EF3 when it got to Marshall County , where it overturned several mobile homes and blew several inadequately anchored log homes from their foundations. A twelve-year-old was carried a hundred meters away by the wind when the mobile home in which he was staying was torn to pieces by the wind. The tornado continued towards Holly Springs, where it razed a church at the top of the EF3 category. The roofs of brick- built houses in the area were covered, and the outer walls gave way in some cases.

The tornado then affected the southern edge of the city, where it caused severe damage to a motor sports facility, shattered numerous deciduous trees and destroyed houses. Two people were killed in Holly Springs and several others were injured. The tornado intensified further as it got into Benton County and passed Ashland northeast, where it hit the upper limit of the EF-3 category, where it razed several poorly anchored timber frame houses, kicked up a road surface, spun vehicles and damaged beyond recognition and killed several people. A floating house and its substructure were blown away without leaving any traces. Trees in the area were delimbed and the roof of a brick church was covered.

On its further way to the northeast, the tornado reached category EF4 and reached Canaan . Here he uprooted trees and a large apartment building was almost completely razed to the ground and much of the rubble was blown away. Two other houses in the area were damaged to EF2 strength. The tornado continued on its way into Tippah County at EF3 strength, destroying several houses and a metal warehouse near Walnut . The tornado maintained EF3 strength as it crossed the state line into Tennessee into Hardeman County and passed Middleton , damaging several homes. On its way in McNairy County , the tornado destroyed several other buildings on the southern edge of Selmer before it dissolved. Nine people were killed and many others injured as a result of the effects of the tornado.

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b c All confirmed tornadoes that occurred in the local time zone on the specified day are given. However, the times given are given in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) for better comparison .
  2. ↑ a b c All damage values ​​are - unless otherwise stated - US dollars and are based on 2015 prices.

supporting documents

  1. ^ A b c Storm Prediction Center: SPC Filtered Storm Reports for 12/23/15 ( English ) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 2, 2017.
  2. ↑ EF-1 tornado confirmed; Michigan's first December tornado since records began ( English ) mlive. December 24, 2015. Accessed June 2, 2017.
  3. ↑ Reuters: Southern states clean up after storms kill at least 10 ( English ) In: The Weather Network . December 24, 2015. Accessed December 25, 2015.
  4. ↑ Boy Among 7 Dead, 40 Injured in Tornado and Severe Storm Outbreak ( English ) ABC News. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  5. ↑ Particularly Dangerous Situation Tornado Watch Issued: Outbreak of Severe Weather Underway in the South, Ohio Valley ( English ) weather.com. December 23, 2015. Accessed December 23, 2015.
  6. ↑ 6 dead, state of emergency declared after severe weather ( English ) In: The Tennessean . December 23, 2015. Accessed December 25, 2015.
  7. ↑ a b c d e National Weather Service: NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit ( English ) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Accessed December 31, 2015.
  8. ^ South Carolina Event Report: EF0 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  9. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Little Rock, Arkansas: Arkansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  10. ↑ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Missouri Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  11. ↑ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Missouri Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  12. ↑ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Missouri Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  13. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Illinois Event Report: EF0 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  14. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Illinois Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  15. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Illinois Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  16. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Illinois Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  17. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Illinois Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  18. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Indianapolis, Indiana: Indiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  19. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi: Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  20. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Memphis, Tennessee: Mississippi Event Report: EF3 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  21. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Memphis, Tennessee: Mississippi Event Report: EF3 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  22. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Memphis, Tennessee: Mississippi Event Report: EF3 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  23. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Indianapolis, Indiana: Indiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  24. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Memphis, Tennessee: Arkansas Event Report: EF2 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  25. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Indianapolis, Indiana: Indiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  26. ^ Indiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  27. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Paducah, Kentucky: Indiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  28. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Wilmington, Ohio: Indiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  29. ↑ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Mississippi Event Report: EF4 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  30. ↑ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Mississippi Event Report: EF4 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  31. ↑ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Mississippi Event Report: EF4 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  32. ↑ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Mississippi Event Report: EF4 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  33. ↑ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Mississippi Event Report: EF4 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  34. ↑ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Mississippi Event Report: EF4 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  35. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Ohio Event Report: EF0 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  36. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Illinois Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  37. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Illinois Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  38. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Illinois Event Report: EF0 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  39. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Illinois Event Report: EF0 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  40. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Iowa Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  41. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Paducah, Kentucky: Tennessee Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  42. ↑ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Michigan Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  43. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Iowa Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  44. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  45. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Tennessee Event Report: EF2 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  46. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Paducah, Kentucky: Tennessee Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  47. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Tennessee Event Report: EF3 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  48. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Tennessee Event Report: EF2 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  49. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Paducah, Kentucky: Tennessee Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  50. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Paducah, Kentucky: Tennessee Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  51. ↑ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Alabama Event Report: EF2 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  52. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Paducah, Kentucky: Tennessee Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  53. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Kentucky Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  54. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Paducah, Kentucky: Tennessee Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  55. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: Tennessee Event Report: EF2 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  56. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky: West Virginia Event Report: EF0 Tornado ( English ) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  57. ↑ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Birmingham, Alabama: Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado ( English ) National Climatic Data Center. 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  58. ↑ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Birmingham, Alabama: Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado ( English ) National Climatic Data Center. 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  59. ↑ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Birmingham, Alabama: Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado ( English ) National Climatic Data Center. 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  60. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Birmingham, Alabama: Tennessee Event Report: EF1 Tornado ( English ) National Climatic Data Center. 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  61. ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Birmingham, Alabama: Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado . National Climatic Data Center. 2015. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
  62. ↑ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Birmingham, Alabama: Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado ( English ) National Climatic Data Center. 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  63. ↑ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Birmingham, Alabama: Alabama Event Report: EF2 Tornado ( English ) National Climatic Data Center. 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  64. ↑ What is a "Wedge Tornado"? What is a "rope tornado"? . In: Tornado List Germany . Thomas Säwert. Retrieved June 2, 2017.
  65. ↑ Lauren Squires: MEMA: 2 missing people found dead in Benton County ( English ) WMC Action News December 5, 2015. Retrieved October 26, 2017.