Publication of cables from US embassies by Wikileaks

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Logo from Wikileaks

The publication of dispatches of US embassies by Wikileaks on 28 November 2010 will also Cablegate called (analogous to Watergate ; diplomatic cables , German wire reports referred to diplomatic reports, dossiers and dispatches that used by "cable", so by telegraph transmitted were). It is a collection of 251,287 internal reports and assessments from US embassies around the world to the US State Department , dating from December 1966 to February 2010. It contains 15,652 classified reports and 101,748 classified reports. At the same time, the newspapers The Guardian , Le Monde , El País , Der Spiegel and Spiegel Online reported , which Wikileaks made the analysis possible in advance.

The informer is the private first class Chelsea Manning , who was born in 1987 . She was sentenced to 35 years in prison on August 21, 2013, but was pardoned on January 17, 2017 by then-US President Barack Obama.

Publication in the press

The English Guardian published a report on the cables, several articles and an interactive map on November 28, 2010. Even the mirror brought online a report in the English language and promised more information in the print edition the following day, the exception, the day before still not officially published cover appeared on the Internet. The New York Times reported simultaneously beginning in a nine-part series of articles. Originally, she shouldn't have received the dispatches, but the Guardian leaked them. Both newspapers had previously worked together to report on the Afghan and Iraqi war diaries. The Washington Post was not offered the material and was withheld after a request to the Guardian . El País wrote in her article that there had been an agreement between the newspapers for the simultaneous publication of the "internationally relevant" cables, but that each newspaper was free to choose and deal with cables that primarily concerned their own country. Some newspapers offered the original texts of the dispatches on their websites in consultation with Wikileaks . The Lebanese daily Al-Akhbar published 183 dispatches on December 2.

The Norwegian daily Aftenposten reported on December 17th that it had all 251,287 dispatches available. It remained unclear how she got the material. Even policies , a Danish newspaper reported on January 8, 2011 to be all dispatches owned. The daily newspaper NRC Handelsblad and the news service RTL News reported on January 14th that they had received 3,000 cables from Aftenposten from the embassy in The Hague . On the same day, the Dutch television broadcaster NOS Journaal announced that it was in possession of the dispatches. The world announced three days later that it had obtained all the dispatches through its collaboration with Aftenposten . The Israeli newspaper Haaretz began publishing on April 8, 2011 .

Data breach / original dispatches on the Internet

Contrary to popular announcements, Wikileaks initially released only a fraction of the original material freely on the Internet. The entire amount of data was only made available to the media partners, leading western media. By August 20, 2011, 19,791 original dispatches had been published in several steps.

In the days that followed, the pace of approval was massively increased and tens of thousands more documents were made available to the public within a short period of time. On August 27, the number of viewable dispatches was 143,014. This time Wikileaks did not rely on the cooperation with journalistic media, but rather called on the public - especially via Twitter - to analyze the material in the sense of crowdsourcing . Around the same time became known through media reports that as cables.csv designated encrypted file of 1.6 gigabytes scope as well as its passphrase, the key was available on the Internet. It contained the complete, unedited collection of embassy dispatches, in which the names of the informants were not obscured.

The publication of the complete and unedited embassy dispatches was initially not intended. It can be seen as a combination of several mistakes made by different, sometimes hostile people who later accused each other of breaching trust.

Julian Assange had given the Guardian journalist David Leigh an encrypted file containing all the dispatches online and given him the passphrase so that the Guardian and other media could publish selected and edited documents. Leigh published this passphrase in his book WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy , published in February 2011 , under the false assumption that it was only temporarily valid.

When Daniel Domscheit-Berg parted ways with Wikileaks, he took a copy of the encrypted data set with him. After the first publications from the dispatches, Wikileaks became the target of denial-of-service attacks . Several companies - Mastercard, PayPal, Amazon, and Visa - stopped passing donations to Wikileaks. To protect WikiLeaks and continue to keep the published data accessible, hundreds were from supporters around the world in a short time mirrors ( mirrors ) attached. These supporters benevolently brought a compressed version of all Wikileaks publications available to date into circulation via the BitTorrent exchange system . Little did they know that a hidden directory contained the data that Assange to Leigh had made available. After the break between Assange and Domscheit-Berg, the newspaper Der Freitag , a media partner of Domscheit-Berg's OpenLeaks project , published an indication of where the corresponding passphrase could be found.

After the general public had noticed that the file and the associated key were freely available on the Internet, Wikileaks published the cables of the US embassies in early September 2011 in full and unedited, thus drawing the consequences of the data breach that had made it possible for outsiders to put the decrypted and unedited text online at Cryptome and on other websites. Both this and the decision to make the embassy cables accessible in one fell swoop brought Wikileaks once again the target of criticism from governments and journalists. Representatives from The Guardian , New York Times , El País , Der Spiegel and Le Monde , with whom Wikileaks had previously worked on the publication of the documents, protested in a joint statement, fearing for the safety of the American government's informants. Reporters Without Borders initially presented their mirror ( mirror ), since they did not see more guarantees "established standards of protection of sources". With the same justification, people who had previously been positive about the publications of Wikileaks, such as Konstantin von Notz , Wolfgang Gehrcke and the British media director of Amnesty International , Mike Blakemore, distanced themselves . The Australian Attorney General Robert McClelland pointed out that an employee of the Australian secret service ASIO had been named, which is a criminal offense under Australian law. Julian Assange defended his approach in a video broadcast at the Berlin Medienwoche. The unedited embassy dispatches were already in circulation, so Wikileaks would not have endangered anyone with the publication. The informants of the American diplomats had time to prepare for the publication.

consequences

Following the publication of the unedited embassy dispatches , the Ethiopian journalist Argaw Ashine fled his homeland after being questioned by the authorities in his country and being pressured to reveal his sources. His name was found as Argaw Ashene in one of the dispatches.

Fidelis Satuku and Herbert Chingono , two generals from Zimbabwe , were charged with high treason and threatened with the death penalty. Their names are also mentioned in one of the dispatches. They had told the American ambassador about the army chief in their country that he had little military knowledge and experience.

Unmasked informants of the US diplomats in China were threatened on the Internet. However, there was no repression by the government.

In April 2011, Ecuador expelled the American ambassador, Heather M. Hodges . In an embassy cable published by Wikileaks, she had accused President Rafael Correa of ​​tolerating corruption. For its part, the USA reacted by deporting Luis Gallegos .

Content

Most of the content comes from the " Secret Internet Protocol Router Network " database (SIPRNet) set up in 1994 , to which 2.5 million Americans have access. Most of the dispatches are dated 2004 and later. The United States Department of State divides embassy dispatches into:

  • 1.4 (a) military plans, weapons, or operations
  • 1.4 (b) Foreign Government Information
  • 1.4 (c) intelligence activities, sources or methods or cryptology
  • 1.4 (d) United States foreign relations or activities, including Confidential Sources
  • 1,4 (e) scientific, technological or economic issues related to national security, including defense against transnational terrorism
  • 1.4 (f) US government programs for the protection of nuclear material or facilities
  • 1.4 (g) Security gaps or possible uses of systems, facilities, infrastructures, projects or plans, or protection services in connection with national security, which includes defense against transnational terrorism
  • 1.4 (h) weapons of mass destruction

The dispatches describe events and incidents from the 274 embassies from December 28, 1966 to February 28, 2010. They show numerous comments from ambassadors: criticism and praise of the host countries of the various US embassies, discussion of current politics, decisions on Ending ongoing tensions in the Middle East , efforts for and resistance to nuclear disarmament, action in the war on terrorism, assessments of threats around the world, relations between different countries, work of US intelligence and counter-espionage efforts, lobbying various companies and the US support for dictatorships and other diplomatic actions.

content Number of documents
Foreign Relations 145.451
Internal government affairs 122,896
Human rights 55.211
Economic agreements 49,044
terrorism 28,801
Foreign trade 23,927
intelligence 23,233
Financial and currency affairs 21,373
Democratization 19,922
Foreign trade support 19,608
UN Security Council 6,532

Diplomatic analysis of individual politicians

Egypt

  • Mohammed Hussein Tantawi , Egypt's former defense minister, is described as "Mubarak's poodle". Israel regards it as an "obstacle" in the fight against arms smuggling.

Afghanistan

  • Hamid Karzai , President of Afghanistan, is described in a dispatch as a “weak person” who is driven by “ paranoia ” and “ideas of conspiracy”.
  • About Hamid Karzai's half-brother, Ahmed Wali Karzai, it said in October 2009: “We have to come to terms with him as the head of the provincial government. But it is well known that he is corrupt and a drug smuggler. "A diplomat stated in another dispatch:" He does not seem to understand the level of our knowledge of his activities. We have to follow his activity closely and send him a recurring, transparent message. "

Germany

  • Chancellor Angela Merkel is described as "rarely creative". Internally she is described as Angela " Teflon " Merkel, because everything slips off her.
  • Guido Westerwelle , who as Federal Foreign Minister had spoken out in favor of nuclear disarmament, is described as “incompetent”, “vain” and “critical of America”.
  • On the other hand, the US diplomats rated the then Defense Minister Guttenberg as a friend of America because of his support for the Afghanistan mission and his understanding of nuclear weapons in Germany .
  • CSU boss Horst Seehofer is described in a dispatch as "unpredictable" and largely ignorant of foreign policy.

France

  • According to a telegram, the former French President Nicolas Sarkozy is "thin-skinned", has an "authoritarian personality" and is an "emperor without clothes".

Iran

  • In a dispatch Muhammad bin Zayid Al Nahyan ( UAE ) is quoted as saying " Ahmadinejad is Hitler "
  • Egypt's former President Mubarak expressed hostility towards Iran in private meetings, saying that Iranian leaders were "big fat liars" and that Iran was "known" to support terrorism.

Israel

  • Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas is described as "weak, corrupt and no longer relevant". Ex-Prime Minister Ehud Olmert also criticized the fact that he was elected with 62 percent, but never used his powers. At the same time he is a pleasant guy. Olmert reported hours of "wonderful conversations".
  • Benjamin Netanyahu is known as a "peace preventer".

Italy

  • Italy's then head of government Silvio Berlusconi is described as Putin's “mouthpiece” in Europe.

Libya

  • Libya's former head of state Muammar al-Gaddafi is described as a “master schemer” and “hypochondriac”. Gaddafi is an "erratic and eccentric figure who suffers from severe compulsions, loves flamenco dance and horse racing, lets himself be guided by whims and tends to upset friends and enemies alike".

North Korea

  • The former Chinese Vice Minister He Yafei commented in April 2009 on the weapons tests of the Kim Jong Il regime : North Korea was acting like a “spoiled child” who needs the attention of an “adult”.

Norway

  • The then Defense Minister Anne-Grete Strøm-Erichsen is described as "soft".
  • Foreign Minister Espen Barth Eide is regarded as the "guiding force, the Ministry of Defense". He is described as "underhanded" by a senior US official.

Russia

  • Russia's Prime Minister Vladimir Putin is described as an "alpha male".
  • President Dmitry Medvedev, on the other hand, is “pale” and “hesitant”.

Zimbabwe

  • In a dispatch, Robert Mugabe , President of Zimbabwe , is described as the devil. According to other statements, he is smarter and more ruthless than any other politician in Zimbabwe.
  • Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai is described as flawed, indecisive and lacking in leadership experience.

Turkey

  • It is said of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan that he is a power-hungry Islamist, his politicians incompetent, uneducated and corrupt.

Opinions

Media / company

  • The Internet company Amazon.com , according to several matching media reports, removed the relevant data from its own servers under public pressure from the US Senator Joe Lieberman . A task force set up by the American government is also supposed to prevent further publications. Amazon itself denies having acted under political pressure; rather, one reacted to a violation of the terms and conditions.
  • The Internet company Tableau Software , with which Wikileaks had prepared its documents graphically, announced the collaboration on December 2, 2010. The company alleged a violation of the terms and conditions.
  • PayPal canceled Wikileaks on December 3, 2010 the account. The Wau Holland Foundation , which accepts part of its donations via PayPal, also for Wikileaks, has also had its PayPal account blocked.
  • The Swiss PostFinance closed the account of the Wikileaks boss Julian Assange on December 6, 2010. Assange specified Geneva as the domicile when opening the account. According to PostFinance, this turned out to be untrue. Assange has no domicile in Switzerland, which is a prerequisite for a business relationship for foreign customers outside the countries bordering Switzerland. In addition, PostFinance can terminate business relationships that run counter to “public and moral perception”. At the time, however, this law had not yet been passed by the National Council and was therefore not legally binding.
  • On December 6, 2010, a spokesman for the US credit card company Mastercard announced that payments with Wikileaks had been discontinued. The reason is the rule that customers are blocked who directly or indirectly support or facilitate “illegal activities”. VISA followed a few hours later with a similar statement. This makes the Icelandic Landesbank the only financial institution that Wikileaks is a customer of. Money transfer via Flattr is also possible.
  • In response to these incidents, hackers and supporters of Wikileaks launched “ Operation Payback ”. The websites of the Swiss PostFinance and Mastercard were paralyzed for several hours through denial-of-service attacks . Visa, PayPal, EveryDNS and Amazon were also announced as potential targets.
  • In Pakistan , several newspapers have fallen for fake Wikileaks cables alleging that American diplomats have made devastating comments on arch-rival India.

Governments / politicians

Shortly after the first documents were published, reactions from various governments became known:

  • Belgium's Foreign Minister Steven Vanackere criticized the practices of the US and spoke of "confusion between diplomatic work and espionage".
  • Germany's government did not want to publicly comment on the indiscretions by Wikileaks.
    • Federal Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle commented on the Tagesschau : “This is where illegal, criminally acquired data is cashed in. That's what it's about. ”At the same time, he reminded the journalists:“ I've already had to read other things from you. ”
    • Federal Justice Minister Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger said in an interview: “Wikileaks apparently works like a wall newspaper on which anyone can post anything. Data protection and personal rights should not be given up because of an unfiltered and non-transparent publication practice. "
    • Left boss Klaus Ernst considers the publication “absolutely right”. He went on to say, "Governments are more controlled than parliaments."
    • Greens boss Claudia Roth said about the publications: “I also think it's right to tear down the diplomatic facade a little bit. You always act so kindly to the front, but it looks very different at the back. "
    • CSU regional group leader Hans-Peter Friedrich criticized the publication with the words: "This is a kind of Stasi , so to speak , which I reject."
    • Christian Ahrendt , parliamentary managing director of the FDP parliamentary group, considered attempts to eliminate sites like Wikileaks as massive attacks on the freedom of the press and patronizing the citizen.
    • Kurt Beck (SPD) announced that he would tell US diplomats less in the future. At the same time he denied that a “special committee had been formed in the Rhineland-Palatinate State Chancellery”.
  • The Deputy Foreign Minister of Ecuador , Kintto Lucas, has offered Assange an unconditional right of residence in the South American country. Rafael Correa , the President of Ecuador, denied the offer of asylum. Correa clarified that this was a personal view of Lucas.
  • France's government spokesman criticized the publications. A “transparent society” is “ totalitarian ”. It also said that a website like Wikileaks would be "relentlessly" persecuted in France.
  • India's Foreign Minister said, "India's government is not really concerned, but we are certainly interested in knowing more about what this is."
  • Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said: “These documents have certain political goals. They are a certain kind of secret service game and therefore have no legal basis. ”Presidential advisor Esfandiar Rahim Maschaie assumes that the reports were launched by the USA itself.
  • Israel's government does not want to comment on the subject of Wikileaks.
  • Italy's Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi reportedly laughed when he heard of the alleged content of the documents.
  • Canada's Secretary of State Lawrence Cannon commented on the publication: “Irresponsible; Publications like this are unfortunate and do not serve everyone's national interests. Those responsible for this can threaten our national security. "
  • Cuba : In one of his “reflections”, the “elder statesman” Fidel Castro castigated on the one hand the legal prosecution of the Wikileaks founder Julian Assange and the pre-selection by international media groups, which supposedly had the news monopoly. In particular, the Spanish PRISA group, to which the respected daily El País belongs, and the German Spiegel are "extremely mercenary, reactionary and pro-fascist".
  • The Foreign Minister of the Netherlands , Uri Rosenthal, said: “We don't know what's in it. It could be that they contain names of Dutch politicians. We are on red alert. "
  • Pakistan sharply criticized the Wikileaks publication.
  • Russia wants to see the original documents to make sure that no translation errors have been made. "Only when you know that the person mentioned is really the Russian head of government, you can express yourself," said a spokesman.
  • In Switzerland there is a discussion about offering Assange asylum . The US Ambassador Donald S. Beyer told the Swiss newspaper Der Sonntag : "Switzerland will have to consider very carefully whether it would like to give shelter to someone who is fleeing the judiciary".
  • Turkey : Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan described the publication as "questionable". Furthermore, one wants to check the original documents.
  • United Kingdom : A Foreign Office spokesman announced: “We condemn any unauthorized publication of classified information, just as we condemn any classified information publication in the UK […] It can harm national security, is not in the national interest […] and can Endanger life. "
  • USA : The White House released a statement saying the publication "puts our diplomats, professionals and people around the world at risk who come to the United States to promote democracy and open government ."
    • Susan Rice , the current US Ambassador to the United Nations , denied all allegations: "Our diplomats are just that: diplomats."
    • Hillary Clinton , US Secretary of State, announced "decisive steps" against the backers. She said the release was "not only an attack on US foreign policy, but also an attack on the international community". She also said: "Politics is made in Washington".
    • Republican Mike Huckabee called for the death penalty for the informant.
    • The Library of Congress blocked from 3 December 2010. Access to Wikileaks for library users and its own staff.

Legal processing

As early as May 2010, a member of the US armed forces Bradley Manning (now: Chelsea Manning ) was arrested as a possible informant and temporarily held in solitary confinement. Manning was sentenced to 35 years in prison in 2013.

Because Manning confessed and the documents revealed had a low level of secrecy, Obama pardoned her so that she was released from prison in 2017.

literature

Online dossiers from the media involved

Web links

Original cables

  1. ^ Secret US Embassy Cables. In: Wikileaks. Retrieved November 29, 2010 .
  2. ↑ Cable Viewer: Viewing cable 09ADDISABABA2535, INCREASED INTIMIDATION OF THE PRIVATE PRESS. Retrieved October 20, 2011 .
  3. ↑ Cablegate Search: SURVIVING IN TODAY, S ZDF - VIEWS OF TWO SERVING OFFICERS. Retrieved October 20, 2011 .
  4. ↑ Cable Viewer: Viewing cable 08CAIRO2091, ACADEMICS SEE THE MILITARY IN DECLINE, BUT RETAINING STRONG INFLUENCE. Retrieved February 8, 2011 .
  5. ↑ Cable Viewer: Viewing cable 09KABUL3068, AHMED WALI KARZAI AND GOVERNOR WEESA ON GOVERNANCE. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010 ; Retrieved December 2, 2010 .
  6. ↑ Cable Viewer: Viewing cable 10KABUL693, AHMED WALI KARZAI: SEEKING TO DEFINE HIMSELF AS. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010 ; Retrieved December 2, 2010 .
  7. ↑ Cable Viewer: Viewing cable 10KABUL693, AHMED WALI KARZAI: SEEKING TO DEFINE HIMSELF AS. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010 ; Retrieved December 2, 2010 .
  8. ↑ Cable Viewer: Viewing cable 09BERLIN1106, CHANCELLOR ANGELA "TEFLON" MERKEL TAKES LIMELIGHT. Retrieved December 14, 2010 .
  9. ↑ Cable Viewer: Viewing cable 07PARIS921, FRENCH FOREIGN POLICY UNDER NICOLAS SARKOZY OR. Retrieved December 14, 2010 .
  10. ↑ Cable Viewer: Viewing cable 07PARIS4357, PRESIDENT SARKOZY'S FIRST OFFICIAL VISIT TO THE. Retrieved December 14, 2010 .
  11. ↑ Cable Viewer: Viewing cable 09ABUDHABI754, S) MbZ HOSTS GULF SECURITY DINNER WITH ISA ASD VERSHBOW AND. Archived from the original on December 8, 2010 ; Retrieved December 1, 2010 .
  12. ↑ Cable Viewer: Viewing cable 08CAIRO1637, CODEL KERRY MEETING WITH PRESIDENT MUBARAK. Retrieved December 14, 2010 .
  13. ↑ Cableviewer: Viewing cable 06TELAVIV480, RIGHT-WING LIEBERMAN UNABASHEDLY ADVOCATES. Retrieved September 4, 2011 .
  14. ↑ Cable Viewer: Viewing cable 09BEIJING1176, XXXXXXXXXXXXDISCUSSES G-20, DPRK ,. Retrieved December 2, 2010 .
  15. ↑ a b c Cable Viewer: Viewing cable 08OSLO406, NORWAY'S DEPUTY MINISTER OF DEFENSE, ESPEN BARTH EIDE, POWER IN NORWAY'S MOD AND RISING STAR IN THE LABOR PARTY. Retrieved February 5, 2011 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Andreas Wilkens: DDoS attack on Wikileaks before announced publication. In: Heise online. November 28, 2010. Retrieved November 29, 2010 .
  2. ↑ JOSHUA E. Keating: Why Do Diplomats Still Send Cables? In: Foreign Policy . November 29, 2010, accessed on December 6, 2010 (explains the origin of the term cable in diplomatic cable ).
  3. ↑ America's diplomatic reports: Secret cables reveal the US worldview. In: Spiegel Online. November 28, 2010. Retrieved November 29, 2010 .
  4. ↑ New allegations raised against Bradley Manning ( memento from January 24, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
  5. ↑ Detlef Borchers: Wikileaks whistleblower Bradley Manning sentenced to 35 years in prison. Heise online, August 21, 2013, accessed on November 21, 2014 .
  6. ↑ Convicted Wikileaks informant: Chelsea Manning sued for sex reassignment. stern online, September 25, 2014, accessed on November 21, 2014 .
  7. ↑ SPIEGEL ONLINE, Hamburg Germany: WikiLeaks: Obama releases whistleblower Chelsea Manning in May - SPIEGEL ONLINE - Politics. Retrieved April 23, 2017 .
  8. ↑ US Embassy Cables: Browse the Database. In: The Guardian . November 28, 2010, accessed February 11, 2011 .
  9. ↑ The US Diplomatic Leaks: A Superpower's View of the World. Der Spiegel , November 28, 2010, accessed on February 11, 2011 .
  10. ↑ Twitter / WikiLeaks. Retrieved February 11, 2011 .
  11. ↑ Scott Shane, Andrew W Teaching: Cables Obtained by WikiLeaks Shine Light Into Secret Diplomatic Channels. The New York Times , November 28, 2010, accessed November 28, 2010 .
  12. ^ A b Paul Farhi: WikiLeaks Spurned New York Times , but Guardian Leaked State Department Cables. The Washington Post , November 29, 2010, accessed November 30, 2010 .
  13. ↑ Vincente Jiménez, Antonio Caño: La Mayor Filtración de la Historia Deja al Descubierto los Secretos de la Política Exterior de EE UU. El País , October 28, 2010, accessed February 11, 2011 (Spanish).
  14. ^ Preguntas y Respuestas Sobre los Papeles del Departamento de Estado. El País, November 28, 2010, accessed February 11, 2011 (Spanish).
  15. ↑ Todos Los Cables. El País, January 5, 2011, accessed February 11, 2011 (Spanish).
  16. ↑ Al Akhbar Newspaper publishes US cables not found on WikiLeaks. Ya Libnan, December 3, 2010, accessed February 11, 2011 .
  17. ↑ (portal page in Arabic language; abstracts of diplomatic cables (in English language) behind various country-flag links on portal page; each abstract links to entire respective underlying diplomatic cable). These are copies rescued from Google cache. Retrieved February 11, 2011 .
  18. ↑ 250,000 Nye Wikileaks document to Aftenposten - Aftenposten Har Fått Tilgang to 250,000 Nye Wikileaks document. Nyhetsredaktør Ole Erik Almlid give your notices to Bruke Dokumentene uten Betingelser. In: Aftenposten . December 17, 2010, accessed January 11, 2011 (Norwegian).
  19. ↑ Ambassade documents. Aftenposten , January 5, 2011, accessed February 11, 2011 .
  20. ↑ Andreas Lindqvist: Politiken Får Adgang til All WikiLeaks Documentaries. Politiken , January 8, 2011, accessed February 11, 2011 (dk).
  21. ↑ RTL Nieuws en NRC publiceren at 16:00 Nederlandse WikiLeaks documents. NRC Handelsblad, January 14, 2011, accessed February 11, 2011 .
  22. ↑ NOS, RTL and NRC lift Nederlandse WikiLeaks-cables. NOS Journaal, January 14, 2011, accessed February 11, 2011 .
  23. ↑ Jan-Eric Peters: Secret US dispatches: The "world" breaks the Wikileaks monopoly. January 24, 2011, accessed February 11, 2011 .
  24. ↑ Wikileaks revelations from Israel: Julian Assange not an agent of the Mossad. Frankfurter Rundschau, accessed on April 11, 2011 .
  25. ↑ "Assange refuses the transparency that he demands". Tagesspiegel, October 12, 2010, accessed on February 11, 2011 .
  26. ^ Secret US Embassy Cables. Archived from the original on August 24, 2011 ; accessed on August 20, 2011 .
  27. ^ CablegateSearch. Archived from the original on August 23, 2011 ; Retrieved August 27, 2011 .
  28. ↑ Spiegel Online on August 24, 2011: WikiLeaks relies on the wisdom of the masses. Retrieved August 26, 2011 .
  29. ↑ Gulli.com on August 25, 2011: WikiLeaks publishes 55,000 new diplomatic dispatches ( Memento from January 3, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
  30. ↑ a b Wikileaks leaks in: Frankfurter Rundschau from September 1, 2011
  31. ↑ a b Friday, August 25th, 2011: Leak at Wikileaks. Retrieved August 27, 2011 .
  32. ^ Spiegel Online on August 28, 2011: Embassy dispatches - WikiLeaks dispute endangers confidential data. Retrieved August 29, 2011 . ; almost word for word in: Der Spiegel No. 35/2011, p. 16: US dispatches - power struggle over WikiLeaks.
  33. ↑ a b c Dispatch disaster in six acts in: Spiegel Online from September 1, 2011
  34. ↑ David Leigh and Luke Harding : WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy. In: The Guardian, January 31, 2011
  35. ↑ a b Heise.de on September 2, 2010: Wikileaks: Alles muss raus (update). Retrieved September 5, 2011 .
  36. ↑ "Cryptome has decrypted the" z.gpg "file from the Wikileaks Archive using the passphrase obtained from several sources: ACollectionOfDiplomaticHistorySince_1966_ToThe_PresentDay # The decrypted" z.7z "file will be mailed on a DVD by request to cryptome [at] earthlink.net with the subject: z7z. For the DVD provide a postal address. "" The decrypted file is "z.7z," 368MB, which unzips to "cables.csv," about 1.7GB in size, dated 4/12/2010. "" Http: // cryptome.org/z/z.7z (368MB-CSV-Version) “in: Cryptome. Retrieved September 5, 2011 .
  37. ↑ Scott Shane in: The New York Times on August 31, 2011: WikiLeaks Prompts New Diplomatic Uproar, August 31, 2011. Retrieved September 1, 2011 (English).
  38. ↑ n-tv on September 2, 2011: Media partner angry about data leak - Assange gambled away trust. Retrieved September 2, 2011 .
  39. ^ The Guardian on September 2, 2011: WikiLeaks publishes full cache of unredacted cables - Former media partners condemn WikiLeaks' decision to make public documents identifying activists and whistleblowers. Retrieved September 2, 2011 .
  40. ↑ ROG suspends mirroring of Wikileaks page after reports of data leakage. Press release in: Reporters Without Borders from September 2, 2011
  41. ^ Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung: "Wikileaks has delegitimized itself". September 3, 2011, accessed March 3, 2015 .
  42. ^ The Independent on September 4, 2011: What - and where - now for Mr WikiLeaks? Retrieved September 5, 2011 .
  43. ^ Statement from the Attorney-General Robert McClelland on September 2, 2011. Archived from the original on October 27, 2011 ; accessed on September 3, 2011 (English).
  44. ^ The Guardian on September 2, 2011: Julian Assange faces arrest in Australia over unredacted WikiLeaks cables. Retrieved September 3, 2011 .
  45. ^ Netzpolitik.org on September 6, 2011: Julian Assange's appearance at Medienwoche. Retrieved September 8, 2011 .
  46. ^ Committee to Protect Journalists on September 14, 2011: Ethiopian journalist ID'd in WikiLeaks cable flees country. Retrieved October 20, 2011 .
  47. ↑ a b Frankfurter Rundschau on October 11, 2011: Defenseless sources. Wikileaks puts informants at risk. Retrieved October 20, 2011 .
  48. ↑ NZZ online on April 7, 2011: USA and Ecuador expel ambassadors. Retrieved August 23, 2012 .
  49. ↑ The initial SIPRNET backbone router network went online 3 March 1994. In: Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved December 6, 2010 .
  50. ↑ What the diplomatic dispatches really say. In: Spiegel Online. November 28, 2010, accessed November 30, 2010 .
  51. ↑ US Department of State Foreign Affairs Handbook Volume 5 Handbook 3 - TAGS / Terms Handbook: 5 FAH-3 H-700 EO 12958, AS AMENDED, TELEGRAM CLASSIFICATION MARKING. (PDF; 130 kB) US Department of State, July 14, 2009, archived from the original on September 28, 2012 ; Retrieved February 9, 2011 .
  52. ^ Secret US Embassy Cables. Wikileaks, accessed February 9, 2010 .
  53. ↑ A breakdown of the 251,287 diplomatic cables and their potential fallout. The Washington Post, accessed February 8, 2011 .
  54. ↑ a b c d e f Wikileaks revelations in Israel: Abbas is "weak and corrupt". TAZ, April 8, 2011, accessed September 4, 2011 .
  55. ↑ a b c d e f Karsai “paranoid”, Merkel “rarely creative”. In: Tagblatt. November 29, 2010; Archived from the original on December 1, 2010 ; Retrieved December 1, 2010 .
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  57. ^ Wikileaks: Problem Westerwelle. Murphy's Law applies in Berlin
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