Reconstruction of the Berlin Palace

This article deals with the architecture and construction processes of the newly built Berlin Palace ; on the exhibitions in the palace see Humboldt Forum .

Reconstruction of the Berlin Palace
Model of the Berlin Humboldt Forum from the winner of the November 2008 architectural competition by Franco Stella
Data
place	Spree island in Berlin-Mitte
Client	Berlin Palace Foundation - Humboldt Forum
Architectural style	Replicas of the styles of the Berlin palace and new building
Construction year	Beginning in 2013
Coordinates	52 ° 31 '3 "  N , 13 ° 24' 10"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 31 '3 "  N , 13 ° 24' 10"  E

The reconstruction of the Berlin Palace is a public-private project . The aim is to restore the historic Berlin cityscape, which had been interrupted at this point since 1950 when the baroque Berlin Palace was blown up . The building owner and owner is the Humboldt Forum Foundation in the Berlin Palace .

The new building, called Humboldt Forum , will be set up as a forum for culture, art and science in the partial reconstruction of the Berlin Palace. For this purpose, three of the baroque facades will be rebuilt, the east wing facing the Spree is a new creation by the Italian architect Franco Stella . The dome with the cross, a round corner on the east facade and three of four sides of the Schlüterhof will also be restored. All interiors will initially be designed in a modern way - white, simple and purely functional - as will one side of the Schlüterhof. A rooftop restaurant is being built behind the palace dome.

Thus, the two flanking small secondary domes over the west facade and the Sree and apothecary wing from the Gothic and Renaissance times will not be rebuilt, nor is a rebuilding of the giant staircase and the state rooms planned. However, care was taken in the design to allow the restoration of some of the earlier interiors later.

The foundation stone was laid on June 12, 2013 , and the shell was completed in June 2015. Most of the facades were completed in the summer of 2018. The opening should take place in three stages, the first of which on the 250th birthday of Alexander von Humboldt on September 14, 2019. However, these plans had to be changed, so that the first partial opening is now planned for September 2020 and the full opening for mid-2021.

In memory of the intellectual legacy of Alexander and Wilhelm von Humboldt, the building is intended to house several museum collections from all over the world. a. of the Dahlem museums - bring together, offer event rooms for science and culture, inform about the history of the castle and at the same time serve to restore a main reference point of German history and the historical cityscape of Berlin-Mitte .

Urban situation

Location of the former city palace in the development of Berlin-Mitte , at the end of the 1990s

After the Palace of the Republic, which was built in the 1970s, was demolished between 2006 and 2009, the Berliner Schloss - Humboldtforum Foundation (today: Stiftung Humboldt Forum im Berliner Schloss) was able to build the Humboldt Forum on the site of the old palace at a central location in June 2013 Start at the Berlin Palace Square .

After completion, the structural volume, the location and most of the facade design will correspond to the baroque Berlin City Palace and, like this, form the point de vue and end of the baroque monumental axis of the boulevard Unter den Linden , which in turn follows the east end over several kilometers West is extending east-west axis .

The main orientation with the intended facade replica of the original city palace is to the west, the more modern view will face the planning to the east of the Spree. The close proximity to the neighboring Humboldt University is beneficial to the inclusion of science in the concept for the Humboldt Forum.

Planning and development

Political decisions, preparation

The International Expert Commission on Historic Center Berlin , set up by the Federal Government and the Berlin Senate on October 31, 2000, chaired by the former Vienna City Councilor for Housing Hannes Swoboda , presented its final report on April 17, 2002. There was widespread agreement that, for urban planning reasons, the new development of the square should be based on the cubature and appearance of the former city palace. With a narrow majority, the commission recommended the reconstruction of the baroque facades facing north, west and south and in the Schlüterhof. The expert commission developed the concept of the Humboldt Forum , which is intended to recall the work of the brothers Alexander and Wilhelm von Humboldt and to refer to humanism , “the great history of German and Berlin science, but also to the fascination of the culturally distant”.

Based on a recommendation for a resolution by the German Bundestag on July 2, 2002, after hearing international experts and with the participation of the State and City of Berlin, the reconstruction of the Berlin Palace - which remained controversial in the following years - was initiated in the years 2003 to 2007, and according to the proposal of the commission with replicas of the baroque facades of the north, west and south sides as well as the Schlueterhof. On July 4, 2007, the federal cabinet approved the concept of the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development for the federal government as the client .

Reconstruction initiatives

With the German reunification in 1990, the idea of ​​rebuilding the Berlin Palace came up in Berlin. This began a long-running public debate about the building of the palace, but also about how Germans deal with their reunified state and its history and how they see themselves. Many celebrities spoke out in favor of the castle, while many architects and some preservationists were critical of a reconstruction . The related discussion about the future of the Palace of the Republic was just as controversial .

In 1991 the Society for the Reconstruction of the Berlin City Palace was founded, which in 2003 was renamed Gesellschaft Berliner Schloss . In 1992 the Friends of the Berlin Palace were founded around the entrepreneur Wilhelm von Boddien and many multipliers .

Castle simulation with foils, 1994

In 1993/1994, the Friends' Association had foil printed with the colored facade image of the castle set up at the original location in order to make the external appearance and dimensions visible and to advertise the reconstruction. The detailed image of the facade was painted by the Paris studio Catherine Feff and set up on a 1: 1 scale with the world's largest room scaffolding. The installation was privately financed through donations, including from Thyssen-Hünnebeck (today: Hünnebeck Deutschland GmbH). This first sign of rebuilding brought increased and lasting media interest to the castle.

In 2001 the non-profit association Stadtschloss Berlin Initiative was founded , which campaigned for the new city palace to be based on the historical dimensions (external cubature ) and with facades in the baroque style, including the eastern Renaissance and apothecary wing, exclusively using private capital should be erected. Commercial use was also planned for financing. Both the federal government and the Berlin Senate rejected this concept , especially since it was incompatible with the Bundestag resolution of July 4, 2002. The initiative now campaigned for the reconstruction of the knight's hall.

Architectural variants

The International Expert Commission on Historic Center Berlin presented two architectural variants for the development of the Schloßplatz : A competition for a new building that only had to take up the cubature of the castle, which would also have enabled a complete reconstruction of the castle ("Let Schlüter take part in the competition") , and alternatively a decision to rebuild the exterior of the palace with at least the three dominant baroque facades and the smaller courtyard.

In the final report, the majority of the commission ruled out “the complete reconstruction of the former castle both inside and outside,” but pleaded “for the reconstruction of some important interiors and, depending on the use, compliance with the old storey heights”. In addition, there were two minority votes from individual commission members, one with an open-ended competition solution for the development of the square and one with a two-stage competition for all the design variants presented by the commission.

On July 4, 2002, the Bundestag voted with an almost two-thirds majority for the variant of the Commission majority , i.e. for a new building with a replica of the castle facade. However, this vote was not yet a final building decision, as this will only come about once the budget has been approved after the architectural competitions. The critical budget situation of the federal government played an important role here. The debate about the design of the building was not yet over. In November 2003, the Bundestag confirmed its decision from the previous year almost unanimously.

The new city palace should not only be built for the sake of the building, but should also take on tasks that tie in with the “multi-layered prehistory of the place”; There is hardly anything else in Berlin that has “seen social, urban, political and cultural developments so intensified in the last few centuries” as there. Further plans were abandoned, such as the use of the east wing as a hotel and the construction of an underground car park or a second basement level as well as the roofing of the Schlüterhof. The city palace is to be used exclusively for cultural purposes; together with the museums on the Spree island, it will become a center of world cultures and arts.

In August 2005, the federal government presented the public with extracts from a feasibility study (the entire study is still under lock and key), according to which the construction project could be implemented in the form of a public-private partnership (PPP). In November 2007, at the request of the federal government, the Bundestag approved an initial payment of 105 million euros as part of the budget deliberations, of which 102 million euros were initially blocked, three million were immediately released for the architectural competition for the reconstruction of the Berlin Palace - construction of the Humboldt Forum . The blocking of the financing of the first construction phase was justified with the cost calculation, for which one needs the certainty that the entire budget of 552 million euros, which the Federal Ministry of Construction had applied for, would be confirmed and adhered to by the results of the architectural competition. The lock is not directed against the building itself, but it should be seen as a precautionary measure to exclude an overly expensive variant in the designs.

The architectural competition was then announced in December 2007; a year later, the appointed jury, made up of representatives of all lock options, was to make its decision.

reconstruction

and display information about the image

Computer visualization of the Berlin City Palace as a residence for the Humboldt Forum . On the left the Berlin Cathedral , on the right the reddish advertising facade for the reconstruction of the Berlin Building Academy on Schinkelplatz . View from the north over the pleasure garden .

Berlin city palace with dome in the shell shortly before the topping-out ceremony, in mid-June 2015

Reconstruction of the Berlin City Palace. In February 2014, the walls of the first floor were already in place.

The west facade of the Berlin City Palace. In August 2014, some of the outer walls of the reconstruction had already reached their final height.

Model of the Berlin City Palace - north side

A computer graphic from the Berlin City Palace hid the scaffolding for the shell of the Humboldt Box on April 9, 2010

Photo tarpaulin (interior view) with computer graphics of the Berlin City Palace on the scaffolding for the shell of the Humboldt-Box , April 9, 2010

Humboldt Forum

View of the palace forum under construction, June 2015

→ Main article : Humboldt Forum

In the final report of the expert commission in 2002, it was recommended that a Humboldt Forum be designed in replicas of the palace facades. In 2020 at the earliest, the forum will show the public the collections of non-European art of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation from the Museum Center Dahlem and, with the collections of European art on the Museum Island, provide an insight into international culture. In addition, a science museum with various collections will be built and a book collection will be made available for the Central and State Library Berlin and the State Library in Berlin . An event center called "Agora" is intended to promote communication between the different cultures. The aim here is to tie in with the scientific and cultural heritage of the place, "a unique cultural and scientific topography that can become the new intellectual center of the capital Berlin" ( Hermann Parzinger ), with a cathedral , armory , university, opera and Museum Island .

Architectural competition

On November 26, 2007, an architectural competition for the building of the Humboldt Forum was launched in Berlin together with the then Federal Building Minister Wolfgang Tiefensee and published on December 21, 2007. The forum should contribute to the urban redesign in the center of Berlin and enable an international cultural dialogue between art and science in a new building that is suitable for this according to high standards. After the architects were selected for the actual competition in June 2008, the jury was to decide on the submitted designs in November 2008. 15 judges were appointed to the jury, including architects David Chipperfield (London), Giorgio Grassi (Milan), Petra Kahlfeldt (Berlin), Peter Kulka (Dresden), Vittorio Magnago Lampugnani (Milan) and Hans-Günter Merz (Stuttgart) and Berlin) and Gesine Weinmiller (Berlin).

According to the conditions of the competition, the exterior should contain replicas of the north, west and south facades of the former city palace. In addition, three sides of the Schlüterhof were to be reconstructed and a dome was to be built over the main portal. The architects were left to design the east facade, the design of the dome and, with the exception of the Schlüterhof, the interior of the Humboldt Forum. 158 architectural offices took part in the competition, whereby the competition requirements in the form of replicas of the city palace facades met with criticism and were seen as a hindrance to creative designs. Since the three-sided design of the facades of the Humboldt Forum as a replica of the Berlin City Palace and the Schlüterhof as well as a dome formation were specified as the competition specification, only the design of the new building to the east and inside, with the exception of the Schlüterhof, was open. The boundaries between exhibition and conference rooms should be fluid in order to take into account the opening for worldwide cultural and thematic presentations.

The architectural competition was concluded on November 28, 2008 when the designs for the new Humboldt Forum were awarded. The jury chairman Vittorio Lampugnani and Federal Building Minister Wolfgang Tiefensee announced that 30 designs had reached the second round. After two days of deliberations by the jury and after a unanimous decision, Vittorio Lampugnani and Wolfgang Tiefensee explained that the design by the architecture firm Franco Stella from Vicenza ( northern Italy ) , which was largely based on the historical model, was awarded first prize. The prize was endowed with 100,000 euros. In addition to the prescribed palace façades, Stella's design envisages a reconstruction of the Stüler dome with the palace chapel. The east facade facing the Spree is to form a restrained block with loggias, separated from the historicizing new building by a joint, which has no relation to the former Renaissance wing of the palace. The design by Franco Stella also provides for the reconstruction of the facades in the Eosanderhof:

"The [...] pictures show that Stella arranges his agora buildings in the Eosanderhof in such a way that even the historical facades of this [Eosander] courtyard are taken up again in his design."

The jury voted unanimously in favor of his model in order to implement the Humboldt Forum. The Italian has succeeded in "on the one hand re-creating the historical and on the other hand finding a modern answer". This certainly consists in the fact that the freely configurable east side is based on Italian loggia facades and is able to create a certain lightness. However, the jury was only able to make one recommendation to the developer, the Federal Republic of Germany; the binding decision was left to the German Bundestag . However, the federal government had to postpone the start of construction of the Humboldt Forum to 2014 as part of the austerity decisions from June 2010. In addition to the first prize, four third prizes at 30,000 euros each were awarded to four other architectural offices, including Kollhoff Architects , as well as a special prize for the design of a glass roof. A second prize was not awarded.

In particular, the modernist Spree facade by the architect Franco Stella has been criticized many times. The art scholar and architecture critic Nikolaus Bernau , for example, points out that "by renouncing the reconstruction of the older components on the Spree facade, historical layers of Berlin are hidden and the Berlin Palace is idealized into a purely Baroque palace, which it never was".

Foundation establishment

→ Main article : Humboldt Forum Foundation in the Berlin Palace

On July 2, 2009, the non-profit foundation Berliner Schloss - Humboldtforum was established as the client and owner of the Humboldt Forum. Further tasks are organizational (such as the use), the administration of donations from the private development associations and the solicitation of direct donations to the foundation. It is based not far from Schlossplatz in the Kronprinzenpalais on Unter den Linden boulevard . It consists of:

• Board,
• Board of Trustees made up of representatives from the Bundestag, the Federal Government, the State of Berlin, the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundations and the Central and State Library Berlin as well as the Humboldt University and
• Board of Trustees .

In January 2016 the foundation was renamed the Humboldt Forum Foundation in the Berlin Palace .

Legal complications

On September 11, 2009, the Federal Cartel Office's public procurement tribunal decided, based on a complaint from the unsuccessful competitor in the architectural competition Hans Kollhoff, that the city palace contract with the Franco Stella office is invalid. The main reasons for this are the violation of the procurement guideline , according to which a commissioned office must be able to prove that it has a capacity that is appropriate to the size of the contract and that has a corresponding turnover. It was also found that there was a “lack of transparency” in the course of the competition. The Federal Building Ministry announced an immediate appeal to the Düsseldorf Higher Regional Court against the decision of the Federal Cartel Office. The builders were sure that the legal objections of the competitors would not have a suspensive effect on the timing of the project. At the beginning of December 2009, the Düsseldorf Higher Regional Court declared the award to Stella to be lawful. After that, the unsuccessful competitors in the architectural competition should have been informed about the impending conclusion of a contract with Stella, but the judicial review that has now taken place safeguarded their rights.

Interim use and excavations

Preparatory excavations on Schlossplatz, 2011

As the demolition of the Palace of the Republic had been delayed several times, the entire area of the palace was not completely cleared until mid-2009. There was one year left for possible interim use of the site until the originally planned start of construction of the Humboldt Forum in 2010.

After a competition, the decision was made to build an art gallery and design the remaining open space as a green area.

The uncovered cellar remains of the city palace, 2006

In the course of the preparations, the still existing basement rooms of the castle were uncovered, archaeologically examined and further excavations carried out. The remains of the mint tower built in 1702 were also discovered. This mint tower was supposed to be three times as high as the palace facade, but had to be demolished shortly before completion because the foundation was not firm enough in the ground and the tower threatened to topple over. As part of the archaeological investigations, settlements from the 12th century could also be identified.

Construction work

The Stiftung Berliner Schloss - Humboldt Forum awarded the contract for the structural work on the Hochtief Solutions AG, based in 1. February 2013 Hannover . The foundation stone for the Humboldt Forum was laid on June 12, 2013 , and the topping-out ceremony for the completed shell of the city palace including the roof structure was celebrated on June 12, 2015 . The external facades were completed in summer 2018. As one of the few major projects in Germany, the construction project was on time and on budget until summer 2019.

The pre-opening should have taken place on September 14, 2019, and regular operation of the building should have started at the end of 2019. This had to be postponed due to problems with heating and ventilation technology as well as fire protection. The opening of the basement, ground floor and first floor is now planned for September 2020, the full opening for mid-2021.

financing

Total funding

In 2007 the Bundestag decided to limit the cost of the entire project to 552 million euros, including the museum's relocation costs of 72 million euros. On July 4, 2007, the government cabinet approved this financial plan for the construction of a “ Humboldt Forum ” in the center of Berlin, thus clearing the way for new developments. The start of construction has been postponed several times, most recently in June 2010 due to the federal government's austerity plans for 2014. Federal Building Minister Peter Ramsauer spoke out in favor of bringing a small part of the planned money forward to 2013 so that the groundbreaking could take place this year .

On July 6, 2011, the budget committee of the Bundestag approved an increase in costs of 38 million euros without the representatives of the left . The “complete reconstruction” of the dome is not included in the new total of 590 million euros, which is also intended to be the upper cost limit. With other extras, this would come to 28.5 million euros in additional construction costs. The sum would have to be raised through donations.

Financing the replicas

Sample facade of the city palace

The private sponsorship association Berliner Schloss e. V. (Managing Director Wilhelm von Boddien ) has set a donation goal of 80 million euros. This sum corresponds to the additional price of the castle facade compared to a modern one. It should be sufficient to cover the private funding promised to the federal government for the reconstruction of three baroque facades each of the palace and the Schlüterhof. The Federal Building Ministry has already included the amount of 80 million euros in the total cost plan for the city palace. In November 2007 the ministry calculated that the natural stone work for the historic facades alone would cost almost 81 million euros. For its part, the development association emphasizes that it is only responsible for the costs of restoring the historic facade elements, but not for the construction costs of the load-bearing outer walls behind them. However, the association admits that its donation target could be corrected upwards due to further developments, especially if the reconstruction of the historic palace dome is to be financed privately. The German Bundestag initially decided to rebuild on the condition that the facade be financed entirely from donations.

Various large Berlin companies have been promoting donations since 2005. These include the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) and Wall AG . Until construction began on the palace, the association had construction plans, samples and studies of the construction details prepared at its own expense in order to enable the facade to be reconstructed as quickly as possible. The historical construction plans of the palace developed by the architect Stuhlemmer, Berlin, on behalf of the Friends' Association were the basis for the designs of the architects in the competition. The original building plans by Schlüters and Eosander had been lost since the 18th century.

Immediately before the laying of the foundation stone in June 2013, Spiegel reported , citing the Federal Ministry of Construction, that the budget committee had already authorized the Ministry in October 2012 to pre-finance the baroque facade from public funds if donations were still missing. There are different details about the donations received. While the association stated that it had received almost 27 million euros in donations, Der Spiegel wrote that around 10.4 million euros had been posted by the beginning of June 2013. In October 2017, the association announced that it had received 73 of the targeted 105 million euros.

In February 2018, the art scholar and architecture critic Nikolaus Bernau proposed to the RBB that the controversial design for the Freedom and Unity Monument should be abandoned and that the funds should be used for the further reconstruction of the Berlin Palace.

The controversial cross on the dome was donated by the heiress of the founder of the OTTO Group and bears a plaque with a corresponding note.

Traffic concept

In the early 2010s, various transport solutions were discussed for the Museum Island, which was expanded by the Humboldt Forum. The Senate Department for Urban Development would like to keep crossing the pleasure garden with a flow of traffic of up to 35,000 vehicles per day. The ADAC has developed an alternative concept for the bypass, which, however, has serious disadvantages for the Marx-Engels-Forum area . For this reason, further alternatives were proposed that divert the traffic to a large extent in order to create a coherent traffic-calmed forum consisting of the Museum Island with Lustgarten as well as the Marx-Engels-Forum and Nikolaiviertel .

Open space design

Planning basis of the Berlin Senate for the design of the Schlossplatz

Main article → Open space design

In September 2012, the Senate Department for Urban Development, as the owner of the land, launched an international, open open space competition for Schlossplatz, Schloss Freiheit and the southern part of the pleasure garden. The competition should provide answers to the numerous technical questions (including fire brigade, installation areas for supply vehicles, escape routes, bicycle parking spaces, disabled parking spaces), but also creative answers for the appearance of the remaining open spaces. The plans were to incorporate the Museumsinsel underground station and - after Thyssen-Krupp decided not to have its planned representation in the capital An der Stechbahn - to provide an answer to the future function of this open space.

The return of preserved works of art located in other places in Berlin, some of which were created or purchased especially for their original location in front of the palace, was discussed in public controversy. These include the Neptune Fountain , the horse tamers as corresponding figures to the lion fighter and amazon in front of the Altes Museum in the same year (1842) , the eagle column on the corner of the castle bridge instead of the historic mint tower and the overall appearance of the plaza. While the Berlin Office for the Preservation of Monuments spoke out in favor of keeping the works of art in the places they were assigned after the Second World War, numerous civil associations advocated a return to the historical locations. The requirements of the Senate (see map) and the new roads that have already been built make a design based on historical models unlikely.

In January 2013 the Berlin office bbz Landschaftsarchitekten received the 1st prize in the competition "Open space design environment Humboldtforum". The draft provides for a fundamentally modern design of the palace area, which allows historical elements - including the eagle column, horse tamer and Neptune fountain. According to a representative survey by infratest dimap in May 2017, 52% of German citizens are in favor of a historic castle environment, while 17% prefer a modern variant (Berliners: 65 to 20%). 47% of Berliners were in favor of returning the Neptune Fountain to Schlossplatz, while 37% voted for the interim location.

Construction progress in pictures

Year 2015

• 

  View into the palace forum under construction through Portal IV to the Altes Museum, June 2015

• 

  View from the staircase to the entrance hall (agora), June 2015

• 

  Entrance hall, view of the dome, June 2015

• 

  Staircase on the 1st floor, future exhibition
  space of the State Museums (SMB), June 2015

• 

  Future SMB exhibition space on the 1st floor, June 2015

• 

  Staircase in the Humboldtforum, June 2015

• 

  View into the Schlueterhof on Portal V, June 2015

• 

  Schlueterhof west facade, June 2015

Year 2016

• 

  Berlin Palace 2016

• 

  View from Berlin Cathedral 2016

• 

  Dome under construction, June 2016

• 

  View from the
  Schloßbrücke, December 2016

Year 2017

• 

  March 2017

• 

  Window fronts, April 2017

• 

  Construction, July 2017

• 

  North facade, July 2017

Year 2018

• 

  View of the castle from the Berlin Cathedral, July 2018

• 

  External facade Portal V, August 2018

• 

  Schlüterhof Portal V, August 2018

• 

  Schlüterhof Portal VI, August 2018

• 

  Future exhibition space on the 2nd floor, August 2018

• 

  Agora, August 2018

• 

  Access to the 1st floor

• 

  Schlueterhof west facade, August 2018

• 

  Future exhibition space on the 3rd floor, November 2018

• 

  View from the castle to the Altes Museum

• 

  View from the castle to the Berlin Cathedral

• 

  View from the castle to the Schlüterhof

• 

  View from the castle to the Schlüterhof

• 

  View from the castle to the Schlüterhof

• 

  The copper roof

• 

  Pillar under construction

• 

  South and east facade, November 2018

Year 2019

• 

  Dome and west facade, February 2019

• 

  Humboldt Forum, north and east facade, November 2019

Year 2020

• 

  Dome top with gilded palm branch representations, still in stock at the construction site

• 

  Construction site photo from May 27, 2020

• 

  Dome crown with cross on May 29, 2020

• 

  Angel wreath, with an angel missing on May 29, 2020 (2nd photo shows the underground for it)

• 

  Since May 29, 2020 at around 9 p.m. with the dome crown attached

• 

  State on May 31, 2020

literature

• Wilhelm von Boddien, Helmut Engel (ed.): The Berlin Palace Debate. Pros and Cons . Berlin-Verlag Spitz, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8305-0106-4 .
• Federal Ministry for Transport, Building and Urban Development , Sebastian Redecke (Ed.): Berlin Palace - Humboldt Forum. Realization competition 2008. Bonn 2009, ISBN 978-3-87994-043-1 .
• Hartmut Ellrich: The Berlin Palace. History and reconstruction. Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-86568-397-7 .
• Friends of the Berlin Palace, Kristin Feireiss (Ed.): Das Schloß? An exhibition about the center of Berlin. Editing: Kristin Feireiss and Wilhelm von Boddien (exhibition catalog). Ernst, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-433-02431-6 .
• Anna-Inés Hennet: The Berlin Palace Square Debate. In the press. Verlagshaus Braun, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-935455-65-8 .
• Manfred Rettig (Ed.): Reconstruction using the example of the Berlin Palace from an art historical perspective. Results of the conference in April 2010. Essays and theses. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-515-09826-7 .
• Peter Stephan: From Schlüter's Castle to Stella's Forum . In: INSITU. Zeitschrift für Architekturgeschichte , 1 (2/2009), pp. 103-134.

Web links

Commons : The reconstruction of the Berlin City Palace  - collection of images

• Humboldt Forum Foundation in the Berlin Palace
• AG Humboldt Forum of the Stiftung Zukunft Berlin
• Berlin Palace - Humboldt Forum. Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning
• Initiative Stadtschloss Berlin
• The history of the east facade of the City Palace - Berlin in historical recordings. In: Berliner Zeitung , September 5, 2017.
• German Bundestag. Stenographic report. 248th meeting. Berlin, Thursday 4th July 2002 ( PDF )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Activity report of the Berlin Palace Foundation - Humboldt Forum for 2013
2. ↑ The Berlin City Palace is getting a rooftop restaurant. In: Berliner Morgenpost . August 10, 2017. Retrieved October 9, 2017 . 
3. ↑ ^{a b} Isabell Jürgens: Humboldt Forum will open in September 2020. Berliner Morgenpost, June 26, 2019, accessed on February 25, 2020 . 
4. ↑ 2000 - International Commission of Experts "Historical Center Berlin". In: BMUB .de (with a link to the final report).
5. ↑ Julian Nida-Rümelin : preliminary concept for a future use of the Berlin palace area “Humboldt Forum”. Materials from the International Expert Commission on Historic Center Berlin , October 29, 2001, PDF ( Memento from September 21, 2006 in the Internet Archive ).
6. ↑ Resolution recommendation of the German Bundestag from July 2, 2002, BT-Drs. 14/9660 .
7. ↑ 8 theses for the reconstruction of the Berlin City Palace (1993). In: Berliner-Schloss.de.
8. ↑ 2002 - Resolution of the German Bundestag. In: BMUB.de , September 1, 2014 (with a link to the Bundestag printed matter).
9. ^ Final report of the International Expert Commission on the Historical Center of Berlin (PDF) .
10. ↑ What is the Humboldt Forum? In: Humboldtforum.com .
11. ^ Heinrich Wefing : Capital. Berlin Palace at half price. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung No. 18, January 22, 2007, p. 33.
12. ↑ V. Recommendations. In: Historic Center Berlin. Final report. ( Memento of April 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.5 MB)
13. ↑ Berlin City Palace: Technical Problems - Humboldt Forum does not open as planned in 2019. In: Spiegel online , June 12, 2019.
14. ↑ Last exit Agora. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , December 21, 2010.
15. ↑ Hermann Parzinger: A place that can change the way the world looks at our country. ( Memento from February 22, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) In: Sächsische Zeitung , December 3, 2008.
16. ↑ See for example Stefan Seewald: Forum Fridericianum: In the cultural center of Berlin. In: Die Welt , October 2, 2017.
17. ↑ The competition for the city palace begins. At: tagesspiegel.de , November 26, 2007.
18. ^ Humboldt Forum with dome, but without Volkskammersaal. In: tagesspiegel.de. August 28, 2011, accessed December 18, 2012 . 
19. ↑ ^{a b} Berliner Extrablatt . Special edition castle architecture competition - December 2008 (information newspaper of the Friends of the Berlin Castle). P. 2.
20. ^ Nikolaus Bernau : Berlin Palace: The decision for baroque facades idealizes the story. In: Berliner Zeitung , January 17, 2017
21. ↑ The great dilemma surrounding the Berlin City Palace. At: welt.de , September 11, 2009.
22. ↑ Andreas Kilb: Let many partners be around me . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , December 2, 2009.
23. ^ Archaeological monuments: Berlin Palace. ( Memento from May 29, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) On: stadtentwicklung.berlin.de
24. ^ Rüdiger Schäfer: Everything under a dome. In: Der Tagesspiegel , June 12, 2015.
25. ↑ This is the current status on the major Berlin construction sites. In: Berliner Morgenpost , January 7, 2018.
26. ↑ Silke Bartlick: Finally - Berlin has its castle again. Deutsche Welle, August 21, 2018, accessed December 30, 2019 . 
27. ^ New building of the city palace defies the logic of the Berlin construction site. ( Memento of July 3, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) In: RBB , January 15, 2018
28. ↑ Kerstin Schmidt: Berlin City Palace is to open in 2019. In: Deutsche Welle , January 15, 2018.
29. ↑ The Humboldt Forum will open from September 2020. Förderverein Berliner Schloss, June 26, 2019, accessed on December 30, 2019 . 
30. ↑ Berlin City Palace: Technical Problems - Humboldt Forum does not open as planned in 2019. In: Spiegel online , June 12, 2019.
31. ↑ Berlin Palace must not cost more than 552 million euros ( Memento from June 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ). In: Today in the Bundestag. November 8, 2007.
32. ↑ Berlin gets its city palace back. ( Memento from May 5, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , July 4, 2007.
33. ↑ Berlin Palace should be back by 2019. In: Welt Online , November 23, 2010.
34. ↑ Construction of the Berlin City Palace can begin. In: Focus , July 6, 2011.
35. ^ Budget Committee approves Berlin Palace. In: Zeit Online , July 6, 2011.
36. ↑ ^{a b} Donation clock ( Memento from December 10, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (Status: January 6, 2009) Website of the Förderverein Berliner Schloss e. V.
37. ^ Report on the status of the rebuilding of the Berlin City Palace . (PDF; 453 kB) November 1, 2007.
38. ↑ ^{a b} Façade fraud . In: Der Spiegel . No. 24 , 2013, p. 16 ( online - June 10, 2013 ).
39. ↑ Donation level and use of funds. In: Berliner-Schloss.de.
40. ↑ Mbs, Sve: Humboldt Forum: Tax money for castle facade . In: Der Spiegel . No. 8 , 2018, p. 33 ( online - February 17, 2018 ).
41. ↑ Reichsapfel with donor dedication on Berlin City Palace
42. ↑ More information at www.berlinertourguide.com
43. ↑ Humboldtforum: What will happen to the area around the City Palace? In: Berliner Zeitung , February 26, 2017.
44. ↑ Open space planning implementation competition “Open space design environment Humboldt Forum” / State of Berlin. Retrieved June 4, 2017 . 
45. ↑ Rainer Haubrich: Only 16 percent of citizens want the single seesaw. In: Welt Online , May 28, 2017.