Zamość

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Zamość
Zamość coat of arms
Zamość (Poland)
Zamość
Zamość
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lublin
Powiat : District-free city
Area : 30.48  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 43 '  N , 23 ° 15'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 43 '1 "  N , 23 ° 15' 9"  E
Height : 212 m npm
Residents : 63,511
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 22-400 to 22-410
Telephone code : (+48) 84
License plate : LZ
Economy and Transport
Street : Warsaw - Lviv
Rail route : Warsaw - Lviv
Next international airport : Lublin-Świdnik
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Surface: 30.48 km²
Residents: 63,511
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 2084 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 0664011
Administration (as of 2014)
City President : Andrzej Wnuk
Address: Rynek Wielki 13
22-400 Zamość
Website : www.zamosc.pl



Zamość [ ˈzamɔɕt͡ɕ ] is a city in the Lublin Voivodeship in the south-eastern part of Poland . It is located around 240 km south-east of the capital Warsaw and 110 km north-west of Lemberg ( Ukraine ) in the Roztocze region .

The independent city is the seat of the district Zamość , the independent rural municipality Zamość and was the capital of the voivodeship of the same name .

The city was built from 1578 according to the ideas of the Venetian master builder Bernardo Morando in the style of the Italian Renaissance , which earned it the name Padua of the North . The Old Town is one since 1992 the World Heritage of UNESCO .

geography

The plateau (around 200  m npm ) is rich in forest and is cut through by the Wieprz and Tanew rivers , two eastern tributaries of the Vistula . In the north - near the town of Krasnystaw and the village Skierbieszów - was in July 1915, a long trench war over in a march to the east.

history

Zamosc fortress
(watercolor by fortress builder Jan Pawel Lelewel around 1825)

The city owes its name to its founder Jan Zamoyski , who u. a. had studied in Padua and from 1576, at the time of the Lublin Union with Lithuania , held the highest state offices.

In 1720, a synod of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church took place in Zamość , where important decisions on the reform of the liturgy were taken.

Between 1772 and 1809 the city belonged to Austria as part of the Crown Land of Galicia , from 1783 the seat of the Zamosc district , from 1809 to 1815 to the Duchy of Warsaw and for the next 100 years to the Congress Poland, which was under Russian rule .

town hall
Collegiate Church

In the interwar period , the region (Wyżyna Lubelska) was almost in the center of Poland and was formerly called Volhynia , with the now Ukrainian areas east of the Bug .

During the Second World War , the region belonged to the German General Government (1939–1944), which was established in occupied Poland. The head of the district was Helmut Weihenmaier at this time . Part of the Jewish population was able to flee from the occupation, several thousand Jews were interned in the Zamość ghetto together with deported Jews and murdered in the extermination camps .

In Aktion Zamość , the Polish majority of the population was supposed to be " Germanized " by German settlers who were organized as "military farmers" in the SS Landwacht Zamosc and came mainly from Bessarabia and Croatia . In that time the city was in the plans the name Himmler city , later plow city . In 1944 the city was finally liberated by the Red Army; the region was a border area with the Soviet Union from 1945 to August 1991 , then until today border area with Ukraine.

From 1975 to 1998 the city was the seat of the Zamość Voivodeship, which became part of the Lublin Voivodeship in 1999 as part of a regional reform.

The noble family of the Zamoyski was harassed by the National Socialists and later by the Communists . Marcin Zamoyski , a member of the family, was may 1990–1992, 2002–2014, and 1992–1994 voivode of the Zamość voivodeship. Andrzej Wnuk has been the city president since 2014.

Big market and town hall

Attractions

  • The town hall with a curved flight of stairs and a 52 m high octagonal clock tower on the Great Market.
Armenian town houses on the Great Market, today the City Museum
  • The Haus zum Engel is considered the most magnificent of the so-called Armenian houses on the Great Market. It has housed the Zamojskie Regional History Museum since 1941 .
  • Old town, planned and built by Bernardo Morando (approx. 1540–1600) as an “ideal city”, with fortresses and colorful, richly decorated town houses, since 1992 a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Zamość's Great Market ( pl.Rynek Wielki ), where there are many sights

traffic

Airfield

The Zamość-Mokre airfield ( ICAO code EPZA) with two grass runways of 800 and 600 m in length is located on the territory of the rural municipality .

Rural commune of Zamość

The independent city is surrounded by an independent rural community . The Gmina wiejska Zamość (until 1973 Gmina Mokre) has an area of ​​196 km² and 23,166 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).

Personalities

Sons and daughters

Honorary citizen

Town twinning

Zamość lists the following eight partner cities :

city country since
Bardejov Coa Slovakia Town Bártfa.svg SlovakiaSlovakia Prešovský kraj, Slovakia 2003
Fountain Hills Fountain Hills AZ USA The City Seal.380939-1.jpg United StatesUnited States Arizona, United States 2014
Loughborough United KingdomUnited Kingdom England, UK 1998
Lutsk Herb Lutsk.svg UkraineUkraine Volyn, Ukraine 2005
Shovkva Zhovkva01.png UkraineUkraine Lviv, Ukraine 1991
Schwäbisch Hall Coat of arms Schwaebisch Hall.svg GermanyGermany Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany 1989
Sighișoara ROU MS Sighisoara CoA1.jpg RomaniaRomania Transylvania, Romania 2007
Sumy Sumy-COA.PNG UkraineUkraine Ukraine
Weimar Coat of arms Weimar.svg GermanyGermany Thuringia, Germany 2012

See also

literature

  • Ralf Piorr (Ed.): Without Return. The deportation of the Jews from the administrative district of Arnsberg to Zamość in April 1942 (= series of publications of the Steinwache Dortmund Memorial , Vol. 1). Klartext, Essen 2012, ISBN 978-3-8375-0333-3 .
  • Hans-Joachim Rieseberg, Eberhard Sommer: Reconstruction and restoration of historical cityscapes in Poland . publica Verlagsgesellschaft, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-89087-024-4 .
  • Fritz Stuber : Notes on the revaluation of historic cities in Poland . In: Swiss engineer and architect , year 104, no. 21. Zurich 1986, pp. 506–516.
  • Piotr Szewc : The Book of One Day. Zamość, July 1934 (Zagłada). Translated by Esther Kinsky . Edition FotoTapeta, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-940524-15-7 .
  • Zygmunt Klukowski : Diary from the years of the occupation: 1939–1944 . Editors Christine Glauning, Ewelina Wanke. Introduction Ingrid Loose. Translation of Karsten Wanke. Metropol, Berlin 2017.

Web links

Commons : Zamość  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ deathcamps.org: Ghetto Zamość
  3. ↑ http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/564
  4. ↑ Coordinates: 50 ° 42 ′  N , 23 ° 12 ′  E
  5. ↑ On the further administrative history of Gmina (Polish)
  6. ↑ https://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/1083392.rosa-luxemburg-ich-war-ich-bin-ich-werde-sein.html
  7. ^ Miasta partnerskie - Zamość. Retrieved April 28, 2019 .
  8. ↑ twinning between the city of Weimar and Zamość on weimar.de , accessed December 18, 2018