List of Jewish scientists: Difference between revisions
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==In mathematics== |
==In mathematics== |
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''See [[Mathematics]]'' |
''See [[Mathematics]]'' |
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* [[Laurence Baxter]], US statistician |
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*[[Georg Cantor]], German-Russian mathematical logician (disputed or doubtful Jewish origins) |
*[[Georg Cantor]], German-Russian mathematical logician (disputed or doubtful Jewish origins) |
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* [[Paul Cohen]] |
* [[Paul Cohen]] |
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* [[Edward Witten]] |
* [[Edward Witten]] |
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* [[Oscar Zariski]] |
* [[Oscar Zariski]] |
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*[[Doron Zeilberger]], Israeli-U.S. mathematician, methods used in computer algebra software |
*[[Doron Zeilberger]], Israeli-U.S. mathematician, methods used in computer algebra software |
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== In medicine == |
== In medicine == |
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Revision as of 14:27, 16 February 2006
This is a list of Jewish scientists and philosophers.
 | This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. |
In anthropology
- See Anthropology
- Franz Boas
- Émile Durkheim
- Meyer Fortes
- Ernest Gellner
- Max Gluckman
- Joseph Greenberg
- Marvin Harris
- Melville Herskovits
- Robert Hertz
- Claude Lévi-Strauss
- Lucien Lévy-Bruhl
- Robert Lowie
- Marcel Mauss
- Marshall Sahlins
- Edward Sapir
- Charles Seligman
- Phillip Tobias
In chemistry
- See Chemistry
- Sidney Altman
- Steven Bachrach, American chemist
- Adolph von Baeyer
- Konrad Bloch
- Gustav Victor Rudolf Born, Professor of Pharmacology
- Ronald Breslow
- Herbert Charles Brown, British-born U.S. chemist, Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry (born Herbert Brovarnik)
- Melvin Calvin
- Heinrich Caro
- Sir Ernst Chain
- Gerty Cori
- Karl Djerassi, Austrian-American chemist
- Ernest Eliel
- Gertrude Elion
- Kasimir Fajans
- Rosalind Franklin
- Moses Gomberg
- Fritz Haber
- Herbert Hauptman
- George de Hevesy
- Roald Hoffmann
- Jerome Karle
- Izaak Kolthoff
- Arthur Kornberg
- Sir Hans Krebs
- Sir Harold Kroto
- Raphael Levine
- Fritz Lipmann
- Rudolph Marcus
- Herman Mark
- Lise Meitner
- Viktor Meyer
- Otto Meyerhof
- Henri Moissan
- George Olah
- Sir Max Perutz
- John Polanyi
- Michael Polanyi
- Ilya Prigogine
- Tadeus Reichstein
- Stuart Rice
- Irwin Rose, co-winner of 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Israel Shahak, Polish-born Israeli chemistry professor, critic of Zionism
- Gabor Somorjai
- William Stein
- Gilbert Stork
- Max Tishler
- Otto Wallach
- Otto Warburg
- Chaim Weizmann, Russian-born chemist, first president of the State of Israel
- Frank Westheimer
- Richard Willstätter
- Saul Winstein
- Rosalyn Yalow
In computer science
See Computer science
- Samson Abramsky, British professor of Computer science
- Leonard Adleman
- Paul Baran
- Richard Bellman
- Manuel Blum
- Sergey Brin, Russian-born U.S. co-founder of Google search engine
- Georg Cantor
- Noam Chomsky
- George Dantzig
- Martin Davis
- Peter Elias
- Paul Erdös
- Robert Fano
- Edward Feigenbaum
- Edward Fredkin
- William Friedman
- David Gelernter U.S. Computer scientist
- Solomon Golomb
- Stephen Grossberg
- Andrew Grove, Hungarian-born U.S. co-founder and chairman of Intel corporation
- Martin Hellman
- Amos Joel, Jr.
- William Kahan
- Robert Kahn
- Richard Karp
- John Kemeny
- Leonard Kleinrock
- Raymond Kurzweil
- Leslie Lamport
- Rolf Landauer
- Leonid Levin
- John McCarthy
- Marvin Minsky
- Joel Moses
- John von Neumann
- Max Newman
- Seymour Papert
- Mark Pinsker
- Emil Post
- Hilary Putnam
- Michael O. Rabin, U.S. computer scientist
- Alfréd Rényi
- Adi Shamir
- Herbert Simon
- Gustave Solomon
- Peter Swerling
- Leo Szilard
- Alfred Tarski
- Stanislaw Ulam
- Leslie Valiant
- Andrew Viterbi
- John von Neumann, Hungarian-U.S. mathematician and computer scientist
- Abraham Wald
- Norbert Wiener, Austrian-U.S. Mathematical Logician and cybernetician
- Avi Wigderson
- Jacob Wolfowitz
- Stephen Wolfram
In economics
See Economics
- George Akerlof
- Kenneth Arrow
- Robert Aumann
- Lord Peter Bauer
- Gary Becker
- George Dantzig
- Robert Fogel
- Milton Friedman
- Alan Greenspan
- Zvi Griliches
- John Harsanyi
- Hendrik Houthakker
- Lord Richard Kahn
- Daniel Kahneman
- Lord Nicholas Kaldor
- Leonid Kantorovich
- Lawrence Klein
- Paul Krugman
- Simon Kuznets
- Wassily Leontief
- Harry Markowitz
- Jacob Marschak
- Karl Marx
- Merton Miller
- Ludwig von Mises
- Franco Modigliani
- John von Neumann
- David Ricardo
- Murray Rothbard
- Paul Samuelson
- Myron Scholes
- Herbert Simon
- Robert Solow
- Joseph Stiglitz
- Jacob Viner
- Abraham Wald
In engineering
See Engineering
- Daniel Drucker, structial engineer, stress analysis
- Joseph Gerber, phottoplotter phottocatter
- Charles Ginsburg, video tape machine
- Mikhail Mil, engineering helicopters Russia
- Emanuel Goldberg, contact camera Zeiss
- Daniel Goldin, NASA Administrator 1992-2001 9th
- Henry Goldmark, engineer designer of Panama Channel locks
- Peter Goldmark, color television system
- Mikhail Gurevich, MIG constructor Mikoyan & Gurevich design bureau
- Theodore von Karman, father of supersonic flight
- Donald Katz, chemical engineering
- Raymond Kurzweil, Reading Machine
- George Low, NASA Deputy Administrator 1969-76
- Jakob Mimon, thermodinamics heat transfer
- Raymond Mindlin, applied mechanics
- Nathan Newmark, Civil Engineering
- Jacob Rabinow,inventor CDC = V Pr scanning and sorting machines
- Simon Ramo, co founder of TRW
- Ben Rich, aeronautical engineer co developer of F17a Stealth Fighter
- Robert Rines, invention of sonogram sonar
- Jerome Sackman, Civil Engineering (unconfirmed)
- Abe Silverstein, Director of NASA 1961-69
- Peter Swerling, radar theoretican
- Abel Wolman, enviromental engineering
In linguistics
See Linguistics
- Émile Benveniste
- Leonard Bloomfield
- Franz Boas
- Jerome Bruner
- Noam Chomsky
- Jacques Derrida
- Aron Dolgopolsky
- Erving Goffman
- Joseph Greenberg
- Morris Halle
- Zellig Harris
- Ray Jackendoff
- Roman Jakobson
- William Labov
- George Lakoff
- Peter Reich
- Edward Sapir
- Alfred Tarski
- Ludwig Wittgenstein
- Ludwik Zamenhof
In mathematics
See Mathematics
- Laurence Baxter, US statistician
- Georg Cantor, German-Russian mathematical logician (disputed or doubtful Jewish origins)
- Paul Cohen
- Philip Dawid, British statistician
- Samuel Eilenberg
- Paul Erdős, Hungarian mathematician
- John Fox, British statistician
- Adolf Abraham Halevi Fraenkel, German-born Israeli mathematician
- Izrail Gelfand
- Alexander Grothendieck
- Jacques Hadamard
- Felix Hausdorff
- Ernst Hellinger
- Heinz Hopf
- Karl Gustav Jacobi, German mathematician
- Leopold Kronecker
- Solomon Lefschetz
- Tullio Levi-Civita
- Rudolph Lipschitz
- Benoit Mandelbrot, Polish-born French mathematician, creator of fractal geometry
- Herman Minkowski, German mathematician
- Claus Moser, British statistician
- Emmy Noether, German mathematician
- John von Neumann, Hungarian-U.S. mathematician and computer scientist; converted to Catholicism on death bed
- Emmy Noether
- Grigori Perelman, Russian mathematician, apperently solved Poincaré conjecture
- Emil Post
- Frederic Riesz (Frigyes Riesz)
- Abraham Robinson
- Issai Schur
- Laurent Schwartz
- Saharon Shelah, Israeli-U.S. mathematician
- I. M. Singer
- James Joseph Sylvester
- Alfred Tarski, Polish mathematical logician
- Otto Toeplitz
- Stanislaw Ulam, Polish-U.S. mathematician, worked on the hydrogen bomb
- Vito Volterra
- Andre Weil, French mathematician
- Norbert Wiener
- Norbert Weiner, Austrian-U.S. Mathematical Logician and cybernetician
- Edward Witten
- Oscar Zariski
- Doron Zeilberger, Israeli-U.S. mathematician, methods used in computer algebra software
In medicine
- Sidney Altman
- Julius Axelrod
- David Baltimore
- Robert Bárány
- Baruj Benacerraf
- Seymour Benzer
- Paul Berg
- John Bernal
- Konrad Bloch
- Baruch Blumberg
- Sydney Brenner
- Michael Brown
- Melvin Calvin
- Sir Ernst Chain, winner of 1945 Nobel Prize for work on penicillin
- Erwin Chargaff
- Stanley H. Cohen
- Stanley N. Cohen
- Gerty Cori
- Carl Djerassi
- Gerald Edelman
- Paul Ehrlich
- Gertrude Elion
- Boris Ephrussi
- Sir Michael Epstein, British biologist, co-discoverer of the Epstein-Barr virus
- Joseph Erlanger
- Edmond Fischer
- Rosalind Franklin
- Sigmund Freud
- Casimir Funk
- Robert Furchgott
- Walter Gilbert
- Alfred Gilman
- Joseph Goldstein
- Waldemar Haffkine
- Viktor Hamburger
- Felix Haurowitz
- Michael Heidelberger
- George de Hevesy
- H. Robert Horvitz
- Alick Issacs
- Francois Jacob
- Eric Kandel
- Sir Bernard Katz
- George Klein
- Sir Aaron Klug
- Arthur Kornberg
- Hans Krebs German-born English biologist, discovered Krebs Cycle
- Karl Landsteiner
- Joshua Lederberg
- Phoebus Levene
- Rita Levi-Montalcini
- Arnold Levine
- Fritz Lipmann
- Jacques Loeb
- Otto Loewi
- Salvador Luria
- André Lwoff
- Élie Metchnikoff
- Otto Meyerhof
- César Milstein
- Hermann Muller
- Daniel Nathans
- Marshall Nirenberg
- Sir Max Perutz
- Gregory Pincus, U.S. biologist, inventor of the birth-control pill
- Stanley Prusiner
- Tadeus Reichstein
- Alexander Rich
- Martin Rodbell
- Albert Sabin
- Jonas Salk, U.S. medical scientist, inventor of polio vaccine
- Andrew Schally
- Solomon Snyder
- Sol Spiegelman
- Lina Stern, Soviet biochemist, inventor of "Soviet penicillin", the only female full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences
- John Vane
- Harold Varmus
- Bert Vogelstein
- Selman Waksman
- George Wald
- George Waldbott, German-U.S. physician; allergy and fluoride research pioneer.
- Otto Warburg
- August von Wassermann
- Robert Weinberg
- Charles Weissmann
- Richard Willstätter
- Rosalyn Yalow
- Charles Yanofsky
In philosophy and other academia
See Philosophy and Academia
- Uriel Acosta, Portuguese philosopher (raised Catholic)
- Theodor Adorno, German philosopher, composer, (father became Protestant, mother Catholic)
- Sir Alfred Ayer
- Henri Bergson
- Walter Benjamin, German philosopher, critic, essayist
- Isaiah Berlin, Russian-born British philosopher and historian of ideas
- Ernst Bloch, German philosopher
- Harold Bloom, U.S. academic
- Niels Bohr
- Martin Buber, German and Israeli philosopher
- Georg Cantor
- Noam Chomsky
- Hermann Cohen, German philosopher
- Morris Raphael Cohen
- Norman Cohn, British historian
- Noam Chomsky, U.S. linguist, political writer
- Jacques Derrida, French philosopher
- Émile Durkheim, French sociologist
- Alfred Einstein, German-U.S. musicologist, cousin of Albert Einstein
- Erik Erikson, U.S. psychologist (mother was Jewish, father was Danish)
- Norman Finkelstein, U.S. academic
- Sigmund Freud, Austro-Hungarian Viennese "Father of psychoanalysis"
- Moshe Greenberg, Israeli scholar of Semitic languages and Bible
- Lazar Gulkowitsch, Russian-German philosopher
- Zellig Harris, U.S. linguist
- Bernard-Henri Levy, French philosopher, journalist, film director
- Samuel Hirsch, German rabbi and philosopher
- Max Horkheimer, German philosopher, sociologist
- Irving Howe, U.S. historian
- Edmund Husserl, Austro-Hungarian Viennese and German philosopher and Holocaust victim
- Baruch Kimmerling, Israeli sociologist
- Israel Kirzner, U.S. economist
- Joseph Klausner, Lithuanian-born Israeli scholar of religion
- Saul Kripke
- Thomas Kuhn, U.S. philosopher of Science
- Emmanuel Levinas, Lithuanian-born French philosopher
- Deborah Lipstadt, U.S. historian
- Maimonides, Spanish-North African philosopher, doctor, rabbi
- Herbert Marcuse, German-born U.S. philosopher, sociologist, political scientist
- Karl Marx
- Abraham Maslow, U.S. psychologist
- Benny Morris, Israeli philosopher
- Robert Nozick, U.S. political philosopher, critic of John Rawls A Theory of Justice
- Nostradamus French philosopher, (raised Catholic)
- Franz Oppenheimer, German sociologist and economist
- Fritz Perls, German psychologist
- Philo of Alexandria, Alexandrian (Egypt) philosopher
- Daniel Pipes, US Mideast and Islam scholar and researcher
- Karl Popper, Austrian philosopher
- Yehoshua Porath, Israeli historian
- Neil Postman, U.S. media critic
- Hilary Putnam
- Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy, German social philosopher (converted to Christianity)
- Franz Rosenzweig, German Jewish philosopher
- Peter Singer, Australian philosopher
- Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher, espoused Pantheism
- Max Stirner, German philosopher
- Leo Strauss, German-American philosopher
- Alfred Tarski
- Ludwig von Mises, Austrian economist
- Simone Weil, French philosopher (converted to Catholicism)
- Otto Weininger, German philosopher
- Ruth Westheimer, German-born, Israeli-American sex expert
- Ludwig Wittgenstein, German philosopher
- Amotz Zehavy, Israeli zoologist, revolutionized the theory of evolution
- Howard Zinn, U.S. historian
In physics
See Physics
- Wilhelm Beer, German astronomer
- Jacob Bekenstein, Mexican-born Israeli professor of theoretical physics
- Hans Bethe
- Felix Bloch, Swiss physicist (partial jewish ancestry)
- David Bohm, U.S. physicist
- Niels Henrik David Bohr, Danish Nobel prize winning physicist, (mother was Jewish)
- Max Born, German-born British Nobel prize winning physicist
- Herman Branover, Russian-Israeli physicist
- Albert Einstein, German-Swiss, U.S. physicist.
- Moshe Feldenkrais, Ukrainian-British, U.S.-Israeli, engineer, founded Feldenkrais Method
- Richard Feynman, U.S. Nobel prize winning physicist
- James Franck
- Rosalind Franklin, British chemist
- Murray Gell-Mann, U.S. physicist
- Donald A. Glaser, U.S. physicist, inventor of the bubble chamber
- Jesse L. Greenstein, U.S. astronomer
- Fritz Haber, German chemist
- William Herschel, German-born British astronomer (believed to have some Jewish ancestry)
- Heinrich Hertz
- Roald Hoffmann, Polish-born U.S. theoretical chemist
- Carl G. J. Jacobi
- Oskar Klein, Swedish physicist and string theory pioneer
- Lev Landau, Soviet theoretical physicist
- Fritz London
- Lise Meitner, Austrian physicist, co-discoverer of nuclear fission
- Leon Mestel, British astronomer
- Albert A. Michelson
- Robert Oppenheimer, U.S. physicist, "father of the atomic bomb"
- Wolfgang Pauli
- Sir Rudolf Peierls
- Yakov I. Perelman, Russian author of popular science books
- I. I. Rabi
- Giulio Racah, Italian-born Israeli physicist and mathematician
- Carl Sagan, U.S. astronomer
- Mário Schenberg, Brazilian theoretical physicist
- Karl Schwarzschild, German physicist and astronomer, showed that black hole is a possible solution of general relativity's equations
- Emilio G. Segrè, Italian-U.S. physicist, discovered anti-proton
- Julian Schwinger, U.S. Nobel Prize winning physicist
- Otto Stern
- Leo Szilard Hungarian-U.S. physicist, worked on the Manhattan Project
- Edward Teller, Hungarian-U.S. physicist, "father of the hydrogen bomb"
- John von Neumann
- Steven Weinberg U.S. Nobel prize-winning physicist
- Eugene Wigner
- Edward Witten
In psychology
See Cognitive science and Psychology
- Alfred Adler, Austrian psychoanalyst
- Solomon Asch, U.S. social psychologist
- Evan Balaban, U.S. biologist, neuroscientist
- Aaron T. Beck, U.S. cognitive-semantic therapist
- Jacob Beck, U.S. perception psychologist
- Ursula Bellugi, U.S. cognitive neuroscientist
- Bruno Bettelheim
- Leonard Bloomfield, U.S. linguist
- Franz Boas, linguistic anthropologist
- Albert S. Bregman, Canadian cognitive scientist
- Jerome Bruner
- Egon Brunswik, Mathematical Psychologist
- Ruth Cohn, German-born psychologist
- Noam Chomsky, U.S. psycholinguist
- Diana Deutsch, British-born, U.S. cognitive psychologist
- Carolyn Drake, British developmental psychologist
- Gerald Edelman, U.S. Neuroscientist
- Steven Engel, U.S. cognitive neuroscientist
- Erik Erikson, Danish psychoanalyst
- Martha Farah, U.S. cognitive neuroscientist
- Leon Festinger, U.S. cognitive social psychologist
- Jerry Fodor, U.S. cognitive psychologist
- Viktor Frankl, Austrian psychoanalyst and logotherapist
- Erich Fromm
- Anna Freud, Austrian psychoanalyst
- Sigmund Freud, Austrian psychoanalyst
- Erich Fromm, German psychoanalyst
- Norman Gerschwind, neuroscientist
- Sam Glucksberg, U.S. psycholinguist
- Erving Goffman, American social psychologist
- Lewis R. Goldberg, U.S. personality psychologist
- Kurt Goldstein
- Allison Gopnik, Canadian-born U.S. cognitive scientist
- Stephen Jay Gould, U.S. paleontologist
- Ervin R. Hafter, U.S. psychoacoustician
- Fritz Heider, German mathematical psychologist
- Richard Ivry, U.S. cognitive neuroscientist
- Ray Jackendoff, U.S. cognitive scientist
- Jerome Kagan
- Daniel Kahneman, Israeli cognitive psychologist, winner of Nobel Prize in economics
- Boaz Keysar, Israeli-born, U.S. psycholinguist
- Melanie Klein, Austrian-born British psychoanalyst
- Kurt Koffka, German cognitive theorist and psychologist
- Michael Kubovy, U.S. cognitive scientist
- George Lakoff, U.S. cognitive scientist
- Eric H Lenneberg, U.S. Neurobiologist
- Jerome Y Lettvin, U.S. cognitive-Neuroscientist
- Daniel Levitin, U.S. cognitive scientist/neuroscientist
- Kurt Lewin, U.S. cognitive theorist and psychologist
- Richard Lewontin, biologist
- Cesare Lombroso
- Alexander Luria, Russian psychologist
- Gary Marcus, U.S. cognitive scientist
- Ellen Markman, U.S. developmental psychologist
- Abraham Maslow, American psychologist
- Andrew Meltzoff, U.S. cognitive-developmental psychologist
- Carolyn Mervis, U.S. cognitive psychologist, developmental neuroscientist
- Stanley Milgram, U.S. social psychologist
- Walter Mischel
- Mortimer Mishkin, neuroscientist
- Jeffrey Mogil, Canadian neurogeneticist
- Ashley Montagu, anthropologist
- Jakob Moreno, German Psychologist
- David Navon, Israeli cognitive scientist
- Ulric Neisser, U.S. cognitive psychologist
- Isabelle Peretz, Belgian-born cognitive neuroscientist
- Fritz Perls, Gestalt psychologist
- Steven Pinker, Canadian cognitive evolutionary psychologist
- Michael Posner, U.S. cognitive scientist, cognitive neuroscientist
- Karl Pribram, U.S. cognitive scientist
- Otto Rank
- Anatol Rapoport, Russian-born American mathematical psychologist
- Wilhelm Reich, Austrian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst
- Theodor Reik
- Irvin Rock, U.S. perception, Gestalt psychologist
- Robert Rosenthal, U.S. social psychologist
- Lee Ross, U.S. social cognition psychologist
- Julian Rotter
- Edgar Rubin
- Oliver Sacks, British-U.S. neurologist and author
- Jenny Saffran, U.S. developmental psychologist
- Ivan Sag, U.S. linguist
- Edward Sapir, U.S. Linguistic Anthropologist
- Stanley Schachter, U.S. psychologist
- Hanna Segal, Polish-born British psychoanalyst
- Herbert Simon, U.S. Cognitive Psychologist
- Dan Slobin, U.S. cognitive psychologist
- John Sloboda, British cognitive psychologist (Jewish mother)
- Robert Sternberg, U.S. psychologist
- Saul Sternberg, U.S. mathematical psychologist
- Paula Tallal, U.S. cognitive neuroscientist
- Amos Tversky, Israeli cognitive psychologist
- Barbara Tversky, U.S. cognitive psychologist
- Lev Vygotsky, Russian psychologist
- Brian Wandell, U.S. perception psychologist
- David Wechsler
- Max Wertheimer
- Terry Winograd, U.S. cognitive scientist
In sociology
See Sociology
- Theodor Adorno
- Raymond Aron
- Daniel Bell
- Lewis Coser
- Émile Durkheim
- Norbert Elias
- Nathan Glazer
- Erving Goffman
- Philip Hauser
- Marie Jahoda
- Paul Lazarsfeld
- Seymour Martin Lipset
- Karl Mannheim
- Karl Marx
- Marcel Mauss
- Robert King Merton
- Stanley Milgram
- David Riesman
- Alfred Schutz
- Georg Simmel
- Louis Wirth
See also
External links
- JInfo.org, a comprehensive set of lists of Jewish contributions to world civilization. Fuller (copyrighted) lists can be found there.