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Andhra Pradesh was not part of Ashmaka kingdom. Andhra is it’s own separate kingdom; Andhra Pradesh derives it’s name from Andhra kingdom. Andhra was a vassal of Ashmaka kingdom later on after the Mahabharata war.
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{{Infobox former country
{{Infobox former country
| native_name =
| native_name =
| conventional_long_name = Asmaka Mahajanapada
| conventional_long_name = Aśmaka
| common_name = Assaka
| common_name = Assaka
| era = [[Bronze Age]], [[Iron Age]]
| era = [[Iron Age]]
| government_type = [[Monarchy]]
| government_type = [[Monarchy]]
| year_start = c. 700 BCE
| year_start = c. 700 BCE
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| image_map = Mahajanapadas_(c._500_BCE).png
| image_map = Mahajanapadas_(c._500_BCE).png
| image_map_alt =
| image_map_alt =
| image_map_caption = Assaka and other Mahajanapadas in the Post Vedic period.
| image_map_caption = Asmaka and other Mahajanapadas in the Post Vedic period.
| leader1 =
| leader1 =
| capital = Potali or Podana (present day [[Bodhan]]), <br />Asikanagara
| capital = [[Bodhan|Potali]] or [[Bodhan|Podana]]
| common_languages = [[Sanskrit]]
| common_languages = [[Prakrit]]<br/>[[Sanskrit]]
| religion = [[Hinduism]]<br />[[Buddhism]]<br />[[Jainism]]
| religion = [[Historical Vedic religion]]<br />[[Buddhism]]<br />[[Jainism]]
| currency =
| currency =
| title_leader = [[Maharaja]]
| title_leader = [[Maharaja]]
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{{HistoryOfSouthAsia}}
{{HistoryOfSouthAsia}}


'''Asmaka''' ([[IAST]]: {{IAST|Asmaka}}) or '''Assaka''' (Pali) was a [[Mahajanapadas|Mahajanapada]] in [[ancient India]] which existed between 700 BCE and 425 or 345 BCE according to the Buddhist text ''[[Aṅguttara Nikāya|Anguttara Nikaya]]'' and ''[[Puranas]]''. It was located around and between the [[Godavari River|Godavari]] river<ref name=":0" /> in present-day [[Telangana]] and [[Maharashtra]]. Its capital is variously called Potali or Podana, and is identified as present-day [[Bodhan]] in Telangana.<ref name=":1" />
'''Ashmaka''' {{Efn|{{lang-sa|अश्मक}}, {{IAST3|Aśmaka}}; {{lang-pi|अस्सक|Assaka}}}} or '''Assaka''' was a [[Mahajanapadas|Mahajanapada]] in [[ancient India]] which existed between 700 BCE and 425 or 345 BCE according to the [[Buddhist texts]] ''[[Aṅguttara Nikāya|Anguttara Nikaya]]'' and ''[[Puranas]]''. It was located around and between the [[Godavari River|Godavari]] river<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LzHpZ5N5MhcC&pg=PA18|title=Geography from Ancient Indian Coins & Seals|last=Gupta|first=Parmanand|date=1989|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=9788170222484|language=en}}</ref> in present-day [[Telangana]] and [[Maharashtra]]. Its capital is variously called Potali or Podana, and is identified as present-day [[Bodhan]] in Telangana.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA109|title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization|last=Sen|first=Sailendra Nath|date=1999|publisher=New Age International|isbn=9788122411980|pages=109|language=en}}</ref>


== History ==
== Location ==
Aśmaka was located on the [[Godavari River|Godāvarī]] river,{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=89}} between [[Mūlaka]] and [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kaliṅga]].{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=89}}
Asmaka was located around and between the river Godavari.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LzHpZ5N5MhcC&q=assaka+aurangabad&pg=PA18|title=Geography from Ancient Indian Coins & Seals|last=Gupta|first=Parmanand|date=1989|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=9788170222484|language=en}}</ref> It included areas in present-day [[Maharashtra]], [[Telangana]], and [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qQ5kDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT307|title=Laxminama: Monks, Merchants, Money and Mantra|last1=Tiwari|first1=Anshuman|last2=Sengupta|first2=Anindya|date=2018-08-10|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9789387146808|pages=307|language=en}}</ref> It was one of the ''shodasa'' (sixteen) [[Mahajanapadas]] in the 6th century BCE, mentioned in the Buddhist text ''[[Aṅguttara Nikāya|Anguttara Nikaya]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YApuAAAAMAAJ|title=Tribes in Ancient India|last=Law|first=Bimala Churn|date=1973|publisher=Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute|pages=180|language=en}}</ref> Puranas mention Asmaka as one of the conquered territories of the [[Nanda Empire|Nandas]] in the 5th or 4th century BCE.


The capital of Aśmaka was the city variously named Podana, Potali, Paudanyapura, and Potana, which corresponds to modern-day [[Bodhan]].{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=89}}
The capital is variously called Potali or Podana, which is identified as present-day [[Bodhan]] in Telangana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA109|title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization|last=Sen|first=Sailendra Nath|date=1999|publisher=New Age International|isbn=9788122411980|pages=109|language=en}}</ref> The Buddhist text ''Mahagovinda Suttanta'' mentions about a ruler of Asmaka, Brahmadatta who ruled from Potali.<ref>Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra (1972) ''Political History of Ancient India'', University of Calcutta, mumbai, p.80</ref> The [[Matsya Purana]] (ch. 272) lists twenty-five rulers of Aśmaka, contemporary to the [[Shishunaga]] rulers of [[Magadha]]. [[Pāṇini|Panini]] in his 'Aṣṭādhyāyī' mentions Asmaka Kingdom in connection with Dakshinatya and [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gupta|first=Kalyan Kumar Das|date=1972|title=The Aśvakas: an Early Indian Tribe|journal=East and West|volume=22|issue=1/2|pages=33–40|jstor=29755742|issn=0012-8376}}</ref>


==History==
Asmaka is also identified as Assaka and [[Aśvakas]] in [[Buddhist]] literature and [[Gatha Saptashati]] of king [[Hāla]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}}
The Aśmaka kingdom already existed at the time of the [[Brahmana|{{transl|sa|Brāhmaṇa}}]]s, when its king Brahmadatta was mentioned in the {{transl|pi|Mahāgovinda Suttanta}} as a contemporary of Reṇu of [[Videha]] and Dhataraṭṭha or Dhṛtarāṣṭra of [[Kingdom of Kashi|Kāsī]].{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=89}}

Aśmaka annexed the small kingdom of [[Mūlaka]] located to its west during the [[Mahajanapadas|Mahajanapada]] period, after which it became the southern neighbour of the kingdom of [[Avanti (Ancient India)|Avanti]].{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=143-144}}


The [[Hathigumpha inscription]] of [[Kharavela]] (2nd century BCE) mentions Kharavela's threat to a city variously interpreted as "Masika" (Masikanagara), "Musika" (Musikanagara) or "Asika" (Asikanagara). N. K. Sahu identifies Asika as the capital of Asmaka.<ref name="NKSahu_1984">{{cite book|author1=N. K. Sahu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlMhAAAAMAAJ|title=Khâravela|author2=Kharavela (King of Kalinga)|publisher=Orissa State Museum|year=1984}}</ref>{{rp|127}} According to [[Ajay Mitra Shastri]], "Asika-nagara" was located in the present-day village of Adam in [[Nagpur district]] (on the [[Wainganga River]]). A terracotta seal excavated in the village mentions the Asmaka [[janapada]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Ajay Mitra Shastri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S0puAAAAMAAJ|title=The Sātavāhanas and the Western Kshatrapas: a historical framework|publisher=Dattsons|year=1998|isbn=978-81-7192-031-0|page=56}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Inguva Karthikeya Sarma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JDsaAAAAYAAJ|title=Early Brāhmī Inscriptions from Sannati|author2=J. Vara Prasada Rao|date=1 January 1993|publisher=Harman Publishing House|isbn=978-81-85151-68-7|page=68}}</ref> Asmaka also included Mulaka area around [[Paithan]] known in ancient times as [[Pratishthana]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&q=assaka+mahajanapada&pg=SL1-PA173|title=Indian History|date=1988|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-8424-568-4|language=en}}</ref> According to ''[[Sutta Nipata]]'' Saketa or [[Ayodhya]] was first halting place on the southward road ([[Dakshinapatha]]) from [[Shravasti]] to Pratishthana.{{sfn|Bakker, Ayodhya, Part 1|1984|p=5}}
The [[Hathigumpha inscription]] of [[Kharavela]] (2nd century BCE) mentions Kharavela's threat to a city variously interpreted as "Masika" (Masikanagara), "Musika" (Musikanagara) or "Asika" (Asikanagara). N. K. Sahu identifies Asika as the capital of Asmaka.<ref name="NKSahu_1984">{{cite book|author1=N. K. Sahu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlMhAAAAMAAJ|title=Khâravela|author2=Kharavela (King of Kalinga)|publisher=Orissa State Museum|year=1984}}</ref>{{rp|127}} According to [[Ajay Mitra Shastri]], "Asika-nagara" was located in the present-day village of Adam in [[Nagpur district]] (on the [[Wainganga River]]). A terracotta seal excavated in the village mentions the Asmaka [[janapada]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Ajay Mitra Shastri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S0puAAAAMAAJ|title=The Sātavāhanas and the Western Kshatrapas: a historical framework|publisher=Dattsons|year=1998|isbn=978-81-7192-031-0|page=56}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Inguva Karthikeya Sarma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JDsaAAAAYAAJ|title=Early Brāhmī Inscriptions from Sannati|author2=J. Vara Prasada Rao|date=1 January 1993|publisher=Harman Publishing House|isbn=978-81-85151-68-7|page=68}}</ref> Asmaka also included Mulaka area around [[Paithan]] known in ancient times as [[Pratishthana]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&q=assaka+mahajanapada&pg=SL1-PA173|title=Indian History|date=1988|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-8424-568-4|language=en}}</ref> According to ''[[Sutta Nipata]]'' Saketa or [[Ayodhya]] was first halting place on the southward road ([[Dakshinapatha]]) from [[Shravasti]] to Pratishthana.{{sfn|Bakker, Ayodhya, Part 1|1984|p=5}}
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*[[History of Maharashtra]]
*[[History of Maharashtra]]
*[[Janapada]]
*[[Janapada]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Bakker |first=Hans |title=Ayodhya, Part 1: The History of Ayodhya from the seventh century BC to the middle of the 18th century |publisher=Egbert Forsten |location=Groningen |year=1984 |isbn=9069800071 |ref={{sfnref|Bakker, Ayodhya, Part 1|1984}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Raychaudhuri |first=Hemchandra |author-link=Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri |date=1953 |title=Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of Gupta Dynasty |url= |location= |publisher=[[University of Calcutta]] |isbn=}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Tribes and kingdoms of the Mahabharata}}
{{Mahajanapada |state=collapsed}}
{{Mahajanapada |state=collapsed}}


{{Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Maharashtra}}
{{Telangana}}
{{Telangana}}


Latest revision as of 04:38, 2 April 2024

This article is about the historical region of Asmaka. For the kingdom in Indian Epic Literature, see Asmaka Kingdom.

Aśmaka
c. 700 BCE–425 or 345 BCE
Asmaka and other Mahajanapadas in the Post Vedic period.
Asmaka and other Mahajanapadas in the Post Vedic period.
CapitalPotali or Podana
Common languagesPrakrit
Sanskrit
Religion
Historical Vedic religion
Buddhism
Jainism
GovernmentMonarchy
Maharaja 
Historical eraIron Age
• Established
c. 700 BCE
• Disestablished
425 or 345 BCE
Today part ofIndia
History of South Asia
South Asia (orthographic projection)
Outline
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Ashmaka [a] or Assaka was a Mahajanapada in ancient India which existed between 700 BCE and 425 or 345 BCE according to the Buddhist texts Anguttara Nikaya and Puranas. It was located around and between the Godavari river[1] in present-day Telangana and Maharashtra. Its capital is variously called Potali or Podana, and is identified as present-day Bodhan in Telangana.[2]

Location[edit]

Aśmaka was located on the Godāvarī river,[3] between Mūlaka and Kaliṅga.[3]

The capital of Aśmaka was the city variously named Podana, Potali, Paudanyapura, and Potana, which corresponds to modern-day Bodhan.[3]

History[edit]

The Aśmaka kingdom already existed at the time of the Brāhmaṇas, when its king Brahmadatta was mentioned in the Mahāgovinda Suttanta as a contemporary of Reṇu of Videha and Dhataraṭṭha or Dhṛtarāṣṭra of Kāsī.[3]

Aśmaka annexed the small kingdom of Mūlaka located to its west during the Mahajanapada period, after which it became the southern neighbour of the kingdom of Avanti.[4]

The Hathigumpha inscription of Kharavela (2nd century BCE) mentions Kharavela's threat to a city variously interpreted as "Masika" (Masikanagara), "Musika" (Musikanagara) or "Asika" (Asikanagara). N. K. Sahu identifies Asika as the capital of Asmaka.[5]: 127  According to Ajay Mitra Shastri, "Asika-nagara" was located in the present-day village of Adam in Nagpur district (on the Wainganga River). A terracotta seal excavated in the village mentions the Asmaka janapada.[6][7] Asmaka also included Mulaka area around Paithan known in ancient times as Pratishthana.[8] According to Sutta Nipata Saketa or Ayodhya was first halting place on the southward road (Dakshinapatha) from Shravasti to Pratishthana.[9]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Sanskrit: अश्मक, IAST: Aśmaka; Pali: अस्सक, romanized: Assaka

References[edit]

  1. ^ Gupta, Parmanand (1989). Geography from Ancient Indian Coins & Seals. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 9788170222484.
  2. ^ Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999). Ancient Indian History and Civilization. New Age International. p. 109. ISBN 9788122411980.
  3. ^ a b c d Raychaudhuri 1953, p. 89.
  4. ^ Raychaudhuri 1953, p. 143-144.
  5. ^ N. K. Sahu; Kharavela (King of Kalinga) (1984). Khâravela. Orissa State Museum.
  6. ^ Ajay Mitra Shastri (1998). The Sātavāhanas and the Western Kshatrapas: a historical framework. Dattsons. p. 56. ISBN 978-81-7192-031-0.
  7. ^ Inguva Karthikeya Sarma; J. Vara Prasada Rao (1 January 1993). Early Brāhmī Inscriptions from Sannati. Harman Publishing House. p. 68. ISBN 978-81-85151-68-7.
  8. ^ Indian History. Allied Publishers. 1988. ISBN 978-81-8424-568-4.
  9. ^ Bakker, Ayodhya, Part 1 1984, p. 5.

Sources[edit]

  • Bakker, Hans (1984). Ayodhya, Part 1: The History of Ayodhya from the seventh century BC to the middle of the 18th century. Groningen: Egbert Forsten. ISBN 9069800071.
  • Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra (1953). Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of Gupta Dynasty. University of Calcutta.

External links[edit]


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