Pile of picture houses

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The Houses pile , even "Christian Assembly Bildhausen" was a militarily organized coalition of insurgent peasants , craftsmen and citizens in the German Peasants' War in the north of the diocese of Wuerzburg , the more social justice and a reduction of unbearable tax - and social security burden demanded.

The leaders of the peasant heap were the “main people” Hans Schnabel , a carpenter or linen weaver from Münnerstadt , and the farmer Hans Scharr from Burglauer . Chancellor Michael Schrimpf , pastor from Wermerichshausen, handled the correspondence with friends and foes .

history

The Bildhäuser Haufen was created on April 12, 1525 next to the Taubertaler Haufen, the Hellen Lichten Haufen (also Neckartal-Odenwalder Haufen) as the last of the three large Franconian peasant groups and by the end of its existence it had a strength of about seven thousand men. These peasant armies controlled most of the Franconia . Its name was derived from the Cistercian - Kloster Maria Bildhausen (donated in 1156) in Münnerstadt in Lower Franconia from. In 1525 this monastery was at the height of its wealth ; at the same time it had fallen into disrepute due to internal grievances . For this monastery, the farmers of the surrounding villages had to do labor and tithe .

On April 12, 1525, the monastery was occupied by the heap with about three hundred men, looted and finally set on fire . The monks fled, abbot Valentin I. (term about 1520 - 1528 ) escaped to Bad Königshofen in the grave box (Lower Franconia).

On April 16, 1525, a leaflet was created by the heap and distributed in the surrounding villages:

“We send you our friendly Christian greeting, dear friends and brothers. After the word of God and the evangelical doctrine were trapped for a long time and could not show themselves freely due to the hindrance of many, especially the spiritual authorities , this led to great corruption of the dearly bought sheep of Christ. For years and up to now many and many unbearable difficulties and burdens have been imposed on the common poor man by the authorities and rulers against the divine Christian order and scripture . There was no easing or easing of demands, although these were often and persistently requested by the poor. On the contrary, the burden of taxes and difficulties grew from day to day, so that God the Almighty could no longer watch and his poor sheep, whom he had redeemed so hard and now wants to see with grace , as we hope. Although we are of the lowest class and unworthy, the hindrance of God in the Christian faith has brought great distress to our hearts. This has also happened elsewhere in many places. We hope firmly in God's grace, and so we took the Bildhausen Monastery and set up camp here. In the hope that those who love Christian and evangelical truth will stand by us with comfort . We want to get rid of unjust and undue hardships. It is not as if we do not tolerate any authorities and lordships and do not want to allow them anything that would be against the scriptures and order of God. We want the authorities and the rulers to act with us properly and in accordance with evangelical teaching. That is why we ask you with all Christian and brotherly love, come to us to preserve Christian freedom and justice. Undoubtedly , since we act in his faith , Christ our Lord and God will not forsake us. Written on Holy Easter April 16, 1525. The main people and the whole community in Bildhausen. "

When around April 24, 1525 the Bildhäuser Haufen grew noticeably in terms of personnel due to the large influx of people, the field camp was set up next to the monastery grounds. Tents , guns , guns , powder and lead were brought in from the surrounding towns . The usual functions of captains with their adjutants as well as lieutenants , sergeants , ensigns , profosses , furiers , purser and sergeants were filled.

Around May 6, 1525, the "Common Assembly of Bildhausen" resolved the following articles in the ring:

“ Nobles , so is the opinion of all those in the camp who desire to join the brotherhood , should not stay outside the camp without permission , should not write to the outside world, not commission messengers or find other other ways to bring messages from the camp to the outside world. In the event of a violation, the punishment will be without mercy . Nobles should no longer ride , but walk and dine like everyone else in the crowd. But they should be allowed to buy things with their money wherever they desire .

It is also the serious opinion of the whole bunch that none of the nobility are allowed to keep their previous properties . They should build and live in houses like people in towns and villages .

If a nobleman gives up his property himself, he is allowed to use it for himself the things he needs for his living . However, if a nobleman should have a grain surplus, it is the opinion of everyone that this should go to the whole common heap.

If Jews covet to join the gathering of the crowd, then it is the whole camp's serious opinion that they are to be accepted without reservation and of their own free will. If the Jews do not like the above articles, it is our serious opinion that the Jews must refrain until the outcome of our project. It should be written to every mayor and every village master that the Jews - as before - are allowed to stay in their houses on the condition that they are not allowed to have any contact with other Jews, noblemen or others. Furthermore, they are not allowed to remove anything from their houses or their goods, be it a little or a lot. But whoever is found by them to violate these articles is to be taken to the camp with everything that was found with him.

It is also our opinion that in future the grain should not be used or even sold for anything other than the purpose that the grain, wheat , oats , barley and malt - whatever it is - belongs to the heap as well as the others Food needed for the fraternity's kitchen.

It is everyone's opinion that if you use the mills , only our horses and their harness should be used, as well as the grain and flour . It is the advice and opinion of all the brothers that four sensible men should be elected from the common assembly, from which two of the most skilled should be assigned to the captains, and that the captains should not do anything or decide anything without these advisors. (...) "

- Common meeting at Bildhausen

In May 1525, several aristocratic properties, in particular that of Henneberg and that of Bibra, as well as monasteries, were captured, plundered and then destroyed. These included the Henneburg , Wildberg Castle , Lichtenburg , Mainberg Castle , Bettenburg and the Wechterswinkel , Schönrain and Heidenfeld monasteries . Around May 9th, the Henneberg traveling farmhand Herd von Wilmers was captured by fighters from the heap near their camp at Unsleben . He was suspected of spying on facts about the military combat strength of the Bildhäuser Haufen for the order amount of one hundred guilders . Under severe torture, von Wilmers was forced to testify about the strength and equipment of the troops of Landgrave Wilhelm IV von Henneberg-Schleusingen, who stood ready to fight the peasant heap, and was then beheaded (around May 10, 1525).

On May 10, 1525, the heap gave itself a solid leadership structure ; the assembly also decided on seven articles in the ring:

"First. The two captains Schnabel and Scharr vow to the elected mayor Heinrich Krumpfuss to serve this Christian assembly faithfully and to do everything in their power as far as their understanding, their strength and their possessions reach. The oath is read and given by Chancellor Michael Schrimpf, who was elected by the council and the entire assembly.

Secondly. The elected councilors and the mayor and the three clerks also make their vows to the captains, and they are sworn in by the chancellor.

Third. Michael Schrimpf is also elected as Chancellor, who makes his vow to the two captains. He is sworn in by Erhard Reichard.

Fourth. For Rent masters (Note .: Today Caspar core of Königshofen, Caspar host of Münnerstadt, Georg Marc Kart from Haßfurt and Caspar Nice from Beringen be top - or Unterwaldbehrungen ) appointed. What is entrusted to them, they have to administer in faithful fulfillment of duty to the heap.

Fifth. It is decided that the heap also invokes the oath and that what is honestly and honestly ordered and carried out by the captains, the mayor and the council, is not contested by the heap, no contradiction is raised and no inflammatory murmurs should arise.

Sixth. It is the duty of the captains and the council of six to keep thorough accounts of their income and expenditure . They have to do their job and refrain from the income and expenses of the common heap.

Seventh. Every city that belongs to a peasant camp has to send an understanding man to the respective council. "

Several cities, which also revolted against Bishop Konrad II von Thüngen , the clergy and the secular manorial rule, allied themselves with the Bildhäuser Haufen - presumably mainly due to pressure from the urban poor living there on their city ​​councilors . These included Würzburg , Schweinfurt , Haßfurt , Königshofen, Münnerstadt, Meiningen and Neustadt an der Saale . The Bildhäuser Haufen recruited mainly combat-capable men from these cities and bought weapons and provisions . The bunch was also allied with the impoverished aristocrat Hermann VIII von Henneberg-Aschach , who, after mutual correspondence with the rebels, sent them at least outdated war equipment such as “ big jacks ” and “ snakes ”.

From May 14th to May 25th, 1525, the Bildhäuser Haufen supported the other Franconian heap in the siege and bombardment of the Marienberg Fortress ("Our Women Mountain") near Würzburg with about a thousand men. Many well-known aristocrats and representatives of the clergy sought a last refuge there; the diocese of Würzburg was largely devastated . The fortress was covered with artillery fire for several hours on the morning of May 14, 1525 , but this had no wall-breaking effect. There were several dead and injured. The fortress artillery fired back, but not at the attackers, but at the much closer city of Würzburg. The population fled in panic . The peasants then ran unsuccessfully against the fortress several times. The tightly organized and well-positioned fortress garrison under the command of the fortress captain, Provost Margrave Friedrich von Brandenburg-Ansbach, prevented the fortress from being captured. In addition, relief was approaching by troops of the Swabian Federation under the leadership of Georg von Waldburg-Zeil , who caused a crushing defeat for the peasantry.

A united action of the heap with other peasant armies and thus the completion of the “great furnemens”, a socially more just society after the “ Gothic Ewangelischen warhait because ” or even with the physical abolition of the “ obrickait ”, failed as well as the entire peasant war for the Insurgents got lost. The causes were mainly in local parochialism, turf wars of the leaders, inadequate military organization and inner conflict between two opposite political and religious groups: on the one acted in the heaps a reformatory -gemäßigte orientation and the other one under the influence of Thomas Müntzer standing social revolutionary - radical .

The Bildhäuser Haufen, together with the rebels from Meiningen, was crushed by a united armed force of the princes under the leadership of Elector Johann von Sachsen in the battle between Meiningen and Dreianzigacker on June 3, 1525 ; some of the Bildhäuser surrendered without a fight. Both leaders, as well as the mayor of the heap, Heinrich Krumpfuss , a goldsmith from Römhild , were publicly executed on July 3, 1525 in Mellrichstadt . Lorenz Fries : “Monday after Visitationis Marie (July 3) is up in front of the thor whether the tiled hats ain high. Thereupon Hans Schnabel and Hans Schar, the Bildheuser bauren Hauptleut, and then Hainrich Crumbfues, school shark, were first removed and then fed. "

Also as a result of the end of the Peasants' War were made by the criminal court executed the prince all the councilors allied with the peasant troops cities and replaced by authoritarian faithful followers.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Dictionary of German Military History, Berlin 1985, Volume 1, p. 133.
  2. ↑ Dr. W. Zimmermann, History of the Great Peasant War, Part Three, Stuttgart 1843, p. 658.
  3. ↑ Lorenz Fries, The History of the Peasant War in East Franconia, Würzburg 1883, Volume 2, p. 220.
  4. ↑ See Bauernkrieg in Unterfranken 1525. Ahnenforschung.Net Forum, accessed on May 13, 2016 .