Bruno von Schauenburg

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Bruno von Schauenburg

Bruno von Schauenburg (also: Bruno von Olmütz , Bruno von Schaumburg ; Czech: Bruno ze Schauenburku ; * around 1205 probably at Schaumburg Castle ; † February 17, 1281 ) was Bishop of Olomouc as well as adviser and diplomat to the Bohemian King Přemysl Ottokar II. 1262 –1269 he held the office of marshal and royal deputy in Styria .

Origin and career

Bruno came from the noble family of the Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein . His parents were Adolf von Schauenburg and Holstein and Adelheid von Querfurt . Bruno was provost of Lübeck since 1229, provost of Hamburg since 1236 and provost of Magdeburg since 1238 . Since Bruno's opponent was injured in the Magdeburg provincial election and Bruno was held responsible for it, the Archbishop of Magdeburg, Wilbrand von Käfernburg , excommunicated him .

Because of his services to the preparation of the Lyon Council , Pope Innocent IV pardoned Bruno and at the same time appointed him papal chaplain.

Bishop of Olomouc

After the Pope succeeded in suspending the incumbent Olomouc Bishop Konrad von Friedberg and also persuading the Elector Wilhelm to renounce the Olomouc bishopric, he appointed his court chaplain Bruno von Schauenburg as the new Bishop of Olomouc on September 20, 1245. The cathedral chapter's right to vote for bishops was not observed. King Wenzel I opposed the papal appointment because he supported Konrad von Friedberg, who was appointed by the Archbishop of Mainz. It was not until 1247 that King Bruno von Schauenburg allowed entry into the Diocese of Olomouc. The episcopal ordination took place in the second half of 1247. In 1248 Bruno won the king's trust by taking the side of King Wenceslas during the uprising of the king's son Přemysl Ottokar II .

As bishop, he renewed the office of the six archdeacons for the diaconates of Olomouc , Brno , Znaim , Prerau , Lundenburg and Spitinau and also established the archdeaconate of Opava (Troppau). The archdeacons had the right to visit and various legal powers. Bruno reformed the diocesan administration and founded four cathedral canons in 1253 , for which he required marital descent, a minimum age of 22 years and a higher education. He transferred the office of scholaster , which he also founded , to his notary Konrad. Since 1253 he organized annual diocesan synods with which the synodal court was connected. In 1258 he appointed Master Heidenreich first official . Vicar General was Auxiliary Bishop Heinrich Fleming. The feudal order for the diocese estates was reformed according to the Magdeburg model and a feudal court was established that met in Kroměříž (Kremsier).

While Bruno's tenure was from 1251, the Cistercian - Kloster Zdar . In the episcopal residence town of Kremsier, he founded the St. Mauritius Church and the associated college chapter around 1260 and the Cistercian monastery Smilheim in Wisowitz a year later . The Olomouc Cathedral was after a fire in 1266 on the former foundation walls as a three-nave early Gothic built construction.

Bruno also earned merit as a colonizer . Around 200 new villages and six towns were built along the Moravian border with Poland and Hungary, and were populated with residents of the Moravian inland and residents of Bruno's northern German homeland. Heinrich Spanuth brings him in connection with the Pied Piper of Hamelin . Bruno is considered to be the founder of Braunsberg ( Brušperk ), and the town of Braunsberg ( Braniewo ) in East Prussia is named after him.

In royal service

Like his predecessors Heinrich Zdik and Robert , Bruno von Schauenburg also served as royal advisor. In support of the Teutonic Knights Order , he took part in the Přemysl Ottokar crusades to Pruzzen in 1254 and 1267 . He intended to found dioceses in the conquered areas, which should be subordinate to a church province of Olomouc that was yet to be established . Pope Clement IV rejected this request at the instigation of the Teutonic Order in 1268 on the grounds that the metropolitan rights for Bohemia and Moravia belong to the Archdiocese of Mainz .

In the battle of Kressenbrunn between Přemysl Ottokar and the Hungarian King Béla IV. Bruno distinguished himself through particular bravery. In 1261 he acquired Styria for Přemysl Ottokar in the Peace Treaty of Vienna. After the death of the Styrian governor Wok von Rosenberg , King Přemysl Ottokar appointed Bruno von Schauenburg as his successor in 1262. As "capitaneus Styrie" he initiated numerous administrative reforms and established secular and spiritual courts. He specifically pursued the expansion of Leoben and Bruck ordered by Přemysl Ottokar .

When Rudolf von Habsburg was elected king in the empire in 1273 , Přemysl Ottokar's influence declined. He refused to recognize the election and the new king. In 1274 Bruno represented the interests of Přemysl Ottokar at the Council of Lyon , with a particular focus on Ottokar's claim to the Alpine countries.

Přemysl Ottokar closed himself to Bruno's advice to try to find a peaceful solution to the conflict with Rudolf von Habsburg, so that they became estranged. When Rudolf invaded Austria, the nobility in Carinthia , Carniola and in Styria converted to him. In Bohemia, too, a strong aristocratic opposition failed to support Přemysl Ottokar, so that he initially entered into negotiations with Rudolf von Habsburg, which, however, did not lead to success. Přemysl Ottokar was killed in the battle of the Marchfeld . Rudolf von Habsburg took over power in Moravia for the next five years. Bruno von Schauenburg was entrusted with the administration.

Bruno von Schauenburg died three years later. He found his final resting place in the St. Mauritius Church in Kremsier, which he built. In his will he also considered the Olomouc monasteries and hospitals as well as the poor.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ : The Pied Piper of Hamelin. About the creation and meaning of an old legend. CW Niemeyer Hameln 1951 (at the same time: Göttingen, University, phil. Dissertation, 1951; 4th, unchanged edition. Ibid 1985, ISBN 3-87585-073-4 ).
  2. ↑ Joseph von Hormayr : Bavarian travelers in the past. In: Pocket book for patriotic history. NF Jg. 3, 1832, ZDB -ID 547791-8 , pp. 103-124, here p. 107.
  3. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia. Part 1: Which contains the topography of East Prussia. Kanter, Königsberg et al. 1785, pp. 20-21.
predecessor Office successor
Konrad von Friedberg Bishop of Olomouc
1245–1281 		Dietrich von Neuhaus
personal data
SURNAME Bruno von Schauenburg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bruno von Olmütz; Bruno von Schaumburg; Bruno ze Schauenburku (Czech)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop of Olomouc
DATE OF BIRTH around 1205
PLACE OF BIRTH Schaumburg (castle)
DATE OF DEATH February 17, 1281
Place of death Olomouc