Christoph Kreß from Kressenstein
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Christoph Kress ; from 1530 Christoph Kreß von Kressenstein (born May 3, 1484 in Nuremberg ; † December 15, 1535 ibid) was a German mayor and politician.
Life
family
Christoph Kress von Kressenstein came from one of the oldest patrician families of Nuremberg and was the son of Anton Kress von Kressenstein († 1520) and his wife Catherine, daughter of the receding Wilhelm Löffelholz of Kolberg (1424-1475). His brother was Anton Kreß von Kressenstein (1478–1513).
He married on January 17, 1513, in the house of his brother-in-law Christoph Scheurl , Helene (* 1494; † 1562), daughter of the forest clerk Stephan Tucher and his wife Ursula (née Muffel von Eschenau ) († September 6, 1562); the cardinal of Santa Lucia in Selci , Ippolito I. d'Este , who was staying in Nuremberg, also attended the wedding . The marriage remained childless.
education
At the age of 13 he came to Milan in 1497 to learn the national language from Johann Anthoni de Lytta, customs officer at the court of Duke Ludovico Sforza . During his stay there, he witnessed the turmoil that took place in Milan when King Louis XII. expelled the duke from France and conquered the duchy of Milan .
In 1500 he left Italy and went to Antwerp , which connected extensive trade with Nuremberg. He stayed until 1502 and then turned to London to learn the language there and to expand his education; In 1504 he returned to Nuremberg.
Military uses
Shortly after his return, he went with two horses for nine months in the service of Duke Albrecht IV of Bavaria , when he faced Count Palatine Ruprecht of the Palatinate in the Landshut War of Succession . After the war Christoph Kress returned to Nuremberg and participated in various knightly exercises, he had 1,506 participants at a sharp pain , a tournament of the young patrician, and entered into a sharp race against Christoph Furer of Haimendorf (1479 to 1537) to .
In 1507 he signed up for eleven months with two horses with the Landhofmeister of Württemberg , Count Wolfgang von Fürstenberg , when the latter raised an army for King Maximilian I for the planned Roman procession , which then failed due to the resistance of the Republic of Venice .
At the Bundestag of the Swabian Confederation in 1519 and 1520, together with the representatives of Augsburg and Count Joachim von Oettingen , he urged a decisive blow against robber barons ; Joachim von Oettingen was attacked by Hans Thomas von Absberg on Midsummer Day (June 24th) 1520 on Hahnenkamm , wounded and succumbed to his injuries on July 6th, 1520. In 1522, the Bundestag in Nördlingen decided to raise half of the federal aid against von Absberg; for this purpose, Christoph Kreß became a war councilor to the supreme field captain Jörg Truchseß von Waldburg . In the following year the campaign began, in which a number of castles were burned or blown up, including Boxberg , which belonged to the Rosenberg , Walbach , Aschhausen , the Thüngen'sche Reußenburg , Gnötzheim near Kitzingen , Waldmannshofen , which was also a robbery of the Rosenberg , further Sparneck , Truppach , Krögelstein , a castle of the notorious Georg Wolf von Giech , Absberg and others; There was a small battle on the Streitberg , but the castle was not destroyed. The campaign lasted 60 days and Christoph Kreß received a over and under rifle from the spoils of war , which weighed over a hundredweight, and four new hook rifles . He had the weapons rearranged and shod and took them to his seat in Kraftshof . In recognition of his many efforts, he received a gold lidded beaker from the Nuremberg Council; He received another lidded beaker from Archduke Ferdinand of Austria when, after the end of the campaign, together with the Bavarian Chancellor Leonhard von Eck , on behalf of the Swabian Federation , he was able to obtain compensation for war costs for the Federation. After the first down payment to the federal government was made at Christmas 1523, he received 150 guilders on instructions from the estates of the Swabian Federation, which Ulrich Fugger paid him .
Easter 1524 he was appointed mercenary master, captain of the Nuremberg war room and he was given the seal office .
After the death of the foremost slogan Hieronymus Ebner (1477-1532) he received the dignity of the supreme captain, who was then the third highest position in the imperial city government, but he rejected his appointment as slogan.
Diplomatic and political missions
At Easter 1513 he was appointed councilor and in the same year the council assigned him to the district court in today's Ansbach and he repeatedly represented the council there in the same and the following year and in 1516; In 1516 he negotiated with the margrave councilors in Ansbach, among other things, because of forest disputes. In 1515 he was also sent to the city days in Ulm and Bamberg .
In 1515 he was sent to his first diplomatic mission to the imperial court after the council had captured the city's first official, Anton Tetzel (1459–1518), for breach of official secrecy and other offenses, and Margrave Friedrich V of Brandenburg in 1514 -Ansbach-Kulmbach campaigned for his release at the council. After the council refused the release, the margrave wanted to contact the emperor, but the council briefed the emperor in the meantime and sent the provost of St. Sebald , Melchior Pfinzing , to the imperial court. Because the council was dissatisfied with Melchior Pfinzing's work, Christoph Kreß was also sent to the imperial court from 1515 to 1517, with interruptions, and was able to achieve that Anton Tetzel remained in custody until his death. During this time he campaigned for Albrecht Dürer with the emperor and obtained from him the transfer of a personal asset of 100 guilders to the Nuremberg city tax for Dürer; In the summer of 1518 he took part in the Reichstag in Augsburg as a representative of the city of Nuremberg , where he immortalized Jakob Fugger and other important personalities in the work.
His posting to the imperial court in the Netherlands in 1517 because of the imprisonment of a merchant from Nuremberg who had worked to the detriment of Nuremberg and Augsburg, as well as other assignments, he was able to do to the satisfaction of the council.
In June 1517 the council sent him to the Reichstag, where he also represented the cities of Rothenburg , Dinkelsbühl , Windsheim and Weißenburg , but after a short time asked for health reasons to be recalled, which he was granted immediately.
In 1518 he was repeatedly sent to the Bishop of Würzburg, Lorenz von Bibra , and to Margrave Georg von Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach ; In the same year he also represented Nuremberg at the City Council in Ulm and the Bundestag in Augsburg and was sent to the imperial court in Linz in 1519 , and after Emperor Maximilian's death to the Bundestag in Augsburg and from then on represented the council at all meetings of the Swabian Federal. The representation of the city's interests at the Swabian Federation turned out to be very difficult, however, because one of the city's opponents, Margrave Friedrich von Brandenburg, who was in dispute with the city over the introduction of the wine tariff and the exercise of high jurisdiction in the Nuremberg area, also belonged to the Swabian Federation. During this time, the federal government dealt with securing the peace in Swabia and Franconia , which Duke Ulrich von Württemberg had broken at the time and which the robber baron Hans Thomas von Absberg disrupted. Christoph Kreß took part in all negotiations, campaigns and missions and developed a successful and fruitful activity for the city of Nuremberg.
On April 29, 1519, he was appointed Federal Council by the City Council of Nuremberg; that year he was also appointed senior mayor and warlord.
In the spring of 1521 he was seconded to the Reichstag in Worms as the city's representative and on April 17, 1521, he was a witness when Luther had to answer to the Kaiser and the Reichstag. In the following year he was the deputy of the council at the Reichstag, which met under Archduke Ferdinand in Nuremberg and was elected by the Swabian cities to the Reich Committee; for this meeting he had to take over the catering. Together with other councilors, he also represented the city in January 1524 when the Reichstag was opened in Nuremberg.
In 1524 he also took part in the Peasants' War as a Bundestag war council and was involved in the battle of Böblingen and in the Bündischen campaign against the Württemberg farmers, as well as against the rebellious farmers in the Bamberg monastery . He also took part in the campaign against the Allgäu peasants and rode in the Bundische Army with the other councils of war to Kempten , where the Archbishop of Salzburg , Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg , approved federal aid.
In 1526 he took care of the interests of the council at the Reichstag in Speyer and represented Nuremberg at the Bundestag in Augsburg and in 1527 at those in Ulm and Donauwörth . During this time he dealt with religious questions, customs and coinage , Turkish aid and disputes with Würzburg and Brandenburg for the city of Nuremberg .
In May 1527, when the federal councilors were elected, he asked for his replacement at the Swabian Federation, but took part in the negotiations of the Federation in Donauwörth until mid-June.
In 1528 he went to the court of the Palatinate Elector Ludwig V in the matter of Count Palatine Friedrich's for advice , visited the days in Schwabach , Ansbach, Heilsbronn and Schönberg because of the conclusion of the treaty in the margravial disputes and also traveled to Cadolzburg to see Margrave Georg from Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach to Nuremberg. In the same and the following year he was also a representative of the Nuremberg Council at the Bundestag in Augsburg and Ulm. In 1529 he was delegated to the Reichstag in Speyer as the Nuremberg envoy.
In May 1529 he was given the office of balance and was sent to Rodach near Coburg in the same year to meet with representatives of the cities of Strasbourg and Ulm and the delegates from Saxony , Hesse and Brandenburg for a consultation on religious and political matters. He then represented Nuremberg on the day in Schwabach , when the ambassadors of the same princes and cities appeared, and in the same year he took part in the day of Schmalkalden , when the ambassadors of the Protestant cities and those of Hesse and Saxony deliberated together. The Augsburg Reichstag in 1530, on which Emperor Charles V also appeared, was of decisive importance . Christoph Kreß von Kressenstein came into closer contact with the Elector of Saxony, Johann , and his Chancellor Gregor Brück , who also had the idea of drafting and presenting the Articles of Faith in writing, and received from them the draft of the later Confessio Augustana in Latin, the he sent it to the council on June 8, 1530 and to the latter in German on June 15. Any changes could no longer be incorporated, however, because the letter was handed over to the emperor on June 25th after Christoph Kreß von Kressenstein had signed the Confessio Augustana for Nuremberg. Emperor Charles V then read out the Catholic answer to the Augsburg Confession ( Confutatio pontificia = papal refutation) at the Reichstag, whereupon Melanchthon presented the apology , but it was not accepted. At the end of 1530 he took part in the meeting in Schmalkalden that led to the establishment of the Schmalkalden Confederation , but did not wait for the negotiations to end because Nuremberg did not want to join the wishes of the federal princes, which were directed against the head of the Reich.
In 1532 he took part in the Regensburg Reichstag. In 1534 he was, among other things, at the Swabian Bundestag in Augsburg, then again for negotiations because of the margravial disputes in Heilbronn and to settle disputes between neighbors at the Palatine court in Amberg and in 1535 at the Swabian Bundestag in Donauwörth; In July 1535 he was at the invitation of Margrave Georg von Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach to visit Heilbronn. Hans Sachs , with whom he was friends, dedicated to him in the year of his death the talk of a plaintive young lady with the Parcis, the three goddesses of life .
Since his death, his epitaph has been in St. George's Church in Kraftshof to the right of the choir arch . In the Nuremberg Frauenkirche the family coat of arms is on the glass paintings of the windows and in the Church of St. Sebald there is his death shield .
honors and awards
- During the Reichstag in Augsburg, he received from Emperor Karl the confirmation of the letter of nobility and the bestowal of the epithet of Kressenstein , as well as the right to seal with red wax.
- Friedrich Wanderer created the sandstone statue "Knight Kreß von Kressenstein" in Nuremberg in 1889 at Obstmarkt 2 on the back of the Fünferplatz building of the Nuremberg City Hall .
literature
- Ernst Mummenhoff: Kreß von Kressenstein, Christoph . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 51, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1906, pp. 376-388.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gender register of the noble patriciate in Nuremberg . Friederich Elias Dietzel, 1748 ( google.de [accessed on November 13, 2019]).
- ^ German biography: Kreß, Anton - German biography. Retrieved November 15, 2019 .
- ↑ Manfred H. Grieb: Nürnberger Künstlerlexikon: Visual artists, artisans, scholars, collectors, cultural workers and patrons from the 12th to the middle of the 20th century . S. 850. Walter de Gruyter, 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-091296-8 ( google.de [accessed on November 15, 2019]).
- ↑ Descendants of Jacob Muffel von und zu Eschenau, No. 72. Retrieved November 15, 2019 .
- ^ Werner Wilhelm Schnabel: Non-academic poetry in the 17th century: Wilhelm Weber, "Teutscher Poet vnd Spruchsprecher" in Nuremberg . P. 415. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2017, ISBN 978-3-11-049282-8 ( google.de [accessed on November 15, 2019]).
- ^ The Nuremberg city administration. Retrieved November 15, 2019 .
- ^ History (1530). In: Website of the Evangelical Lutheran Church Community Nürnberg-Kraftshof. June 15, 2019, accessed November 15, 2019 .
- ^ Heraldry: Photos of coats of arms in an architectural context, documentation and database. Retrieved November 15, 2019 .
- ^ Heraldry: Photos of coats of arms in an architectural context, documentation and database. Retrieved November 15, 2019 .
- ↑ Zweyter Part, in which so rare, as strange show and money coins, neatly engraved in copper, described and explained from history (etc.) . S. 157. Monath, Georg Peter, 1765 ( google.de [accessed on November 15, 2019]).
- ^ Knight Kreß von Kressenstein | Artwork | virtual museum of Nuremberg art. Retrieved November 15, 2019 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kreß von Kressenstein, Christoph |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Kressenstein, Christoph K. von; Kress, Christoph; Kressenstein, Christoph Kress from |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German mayor and politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 3, 1484 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Nuremberg |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 15, 1535 |
| Place of death | Nuremberg |