Ernst Kunwald

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Ernst Kunwald (1906)

Ernst Kunwald (born April 14, 1868 in Vienna ; † December 12, 1939 there ) was an Austrian lawyer , conductor , choir director and pianist . After being Kapellmeister at numerous German theaters a. a. at the Stadttheater-Orchester Halle and under Arthur Nikisch with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra , he was Music Director of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra from 1912 to 1917 . In 1917 he conducted the orchestra's first Columbia recording. As a result of his internment as an enemy alien at the end of the First World War , he returned to Europe in 1919 and was appointed in 1921 in Königsberg i.Pr. appointed first general music director. From 1928 to 1932 he directed the Berlin Symphony Orchestra . After the seizure of power by the National Socialists in Germany emigrated Kunwald, who came from a Jewish family in Vienna.

Life

Ernst Kunwald was born in 1868 as one of six children of the lawyer, court attorney Ludwig Kunwald (1835–1909) and his wife Emma, ​​b. Pollak (1846–1910), born in Vienna. He came from the assimilated Jewish upper class and was himself of the Protestant denomination. After the Catholic Schottengymnasium had completed in the 1st district of Vienna, he studied from 1885 jurisprudence at the University of Vienna , where he in 1891 to Dr. iur. received his doctorate . He practiced in courts for a total of two years.

He also graduated from the Conservatory of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Vienna . His teachers included Theodor Leschetizky (1882) and Julius Epstein (1885/86) in piano and Julius Zellner (1883/84) and Hermann Graedener (1884–1887) in theory. In the years 1893/94 he continued his piano and music theory studies with Salomon Jadassohn at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Leipzig .

From 1893 to 1895 he started his career as a solo répétiteur at the Städtisches Theater Leipzig . At the City Theater in Rostock he was from 1895 to 1897 choir director. In 1897/98 he was the operetta conductor at the Sondershausen court theater . In 1898 he moved to Essen-Ruhr as second Kapellmeister. In 1900/01 he was chief conductor of the Halle City Theater Orchestra . In 1901/02 he was the first German guest conductor at the Teatro Real in Madrid. There he studied the ring of Richard Wagner one. From 1902 to 1905 he worked as the opera conductor in Frankfurt . Here he conducted the world premiere of the opera Der Bundschuh by Waldemar von Baußnern in 1904 . In 1905/06 he worked at the Kroll Summer Opera in Berlin and in 1906/07 at the Nuremberg City Theater .

In 1906 he made his debut as a conductor with Berlioz , Wagner, Strauss and Beethoven and as a pianist with Wolf and Strauss at the Philharmonic Society of New York at Carnegie Hall . He also made his first guest appearance with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra , where he was to become second conductor from 1907 to 1912 under Arthur Nikisch . Kunwald then entered into negotiations with the Bavarian State Opera in Munich, but was ultimately recommended by Nikisch to Cincinnati.

Kunwald and his wife when they were arrested in the USA (1917)

So in 1912 he went to the United States , where he succeeded Leopold Stokowski as music director of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra (CSO) in Ohio . After the first season, his contract was extended for another four years. In Cincinnati he cultivated the classical-romantic repertoire, especially the German composers Ludwig van Beethoven and Richard Wagner . He also had the works of American composers such as Edward MacDowell , Henry Kimball Hadley and Victor Herbert play. From 1914 to 1916 he also directed the choir festival Cincinnati May Festival . He was responsible for the US premieres of Mahler's symphonic song cycle Das Lied von der Erde and its 3rd symphony . Under his direction, the orchestra made its first recording for Columbia in 1917 with Offenbach's Barcarole . However, his commitment to German music and his expressions of sympathy for his homeland caused him problems over time. After the United States entered World War I , the patriotic women's association Daughters of the American Revolution banned Kunwald from appearing in Pittsburgh . In December 1917 he was briefly arrested preventively, but then came at the instigation of Attorney General Thomas Gregory to probation free. Even so, the CSO's Board of Directors complied with his resignation. In January 1918 the United States Department of Justice issued a new arrest warrant signed by J. Edgar Hoover . Although Kunwald was sick in bed with a stomach ulcer , he was arrested and taken to the Montgomery County Jail in Dayton , Ohio by two US marshals . His wife and the orchestra representative Charles Taft were allowed to accompany him. Via Fort Thomas , Kentucky, he was taken into custody by the United States Army , which transferred him to Fort Oglethorpe , Georgia , and interned there . There he was registered under the prisoner number 721. During the internment, Kunwald led an amateur orchestra. After his release in late May 1919, he returned to Europe from New York Harbor in the course of a week .

After Wilhelm Sieben left , he conducted the symphony concerts in Königsberg i.Pr. from 1920 to 1927. In 1921 he was appointed general music director as the first conductor . He was also the conductor of the Singakademie there . During his years in Königsberg, he was responsible for the opera premiere of Handel's Serse in a Rainer Simons production in the Schönbrunn Palace Theater in Vienna in 1925 . From 1928 to 1932 he succeeded Emil Bohnke as conductor of the Berlin Symphony Orchestra . With this he premiered Symphony No. IV by Norbert von Hannenheim and the songs Passion in the Urwald by Grete von Zieritz in 1932 . After the National Socialists came to power in Germany, he returned to his home in Vienna.

He published several articles in professional journals, but his textbook on conducting remained unpublished.

Ernst Kunwald was from 1899 with Lina, geb. Rücker (1869–1942), married. His brother Gottfried Kunwald (1869–1938) was a banker, financial expert and lawyer and published the music and theater magazine Der Merker from 1909 to 1912 . The pianist Peter Stadlen and the journalist Eric Stadlen were his nephews.

Awards

literature

  • Theophil Antonicek :  Kunwald, Ernst. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 4, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1969, p. 354.
  • Edmund A. Bowles: Karl Muck and His Compatriots: German Conductors in America during World War I (And How They Coped) . In: American Music 25 (2007) 4, pp. 405-440.
  • Herrmann AL Degener (Ed.): Who is it? Our contemporaries . 6th edition, Degener, Leipzig 1912.
  • Kunwald, Ernst . In: Friedrich Jansa (Hrsg.): German sound artists and musicians in words and pictures . 2nd edition, published by Friedrich Jansa, Leipzig 1911, p. 394.
  • Uwe Harten : Kunwald, Ernst. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 3, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-7001-3045-7 .
  • Kunwald, Ernst . In: Rudolf Vierhaus (Ed.): German Biographical Encyclopedia (DBE) . 2., revised. and extended edition. tape 6 : Kraatz-Menges . De Gruyter / KG Saur, Berlin / Boston / Munich 2006, ISBN 3-11-094027-2 , p. 159 .
  • Kunwald, Ernst . In: Erich H. Müller (Ed.): German Musicians Lexicon . W. Limpert-Verlag, Dresden 1929.
  • Kunwald, Ernst . In: Austrian National Library (Ed.): Handbook of Austrian authors of Jewish origin, 18th to 20th century . Volume 1: A-I . Saur, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-598-11545-8 , p. 764.
  • Kunwald, Ernst . In: Hugo Riemann : Musiklexikon . Edited by Alfred Einstein , 11th edition, M. Hesse, Berlin 1929.
  • Nicolas Slonimsky , Laura Kuhn, Dennis McIntire: Kunwald, Ernst. In: Laura Kuhn (Ed.): Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians . Volume 3: Hair – Levi . 9th edition, Schirmer Reference, New York 2001, ISBN 0-02-865528-1 , p. 588.
  • Kunwald, Ernst . In: Robert Volz: Reich manual of the German society. The handbook of personalities in words and pictures . Volume 1: A-K . German business publisher, Berlin 1930.

Web links

Commons : Ernst Kunwald  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c lists of relatives . In: Gertrude Enderle-Burcel (ed.): Berta Zuckerkandl - Gottfried Kunwald: Correspondence 1928–1938 . Böhlau, Vienna a. a. 2018, ISBN 978-3-205-20775-7 , pp. 386f.
  2. ↑ Gertrude Enderle-Burcel (ed.): Berta Zuckerkandl - Gottfried Kunwald: Correspondence 1928–1938 . Böhlau, Vienna a. a. 2018, ISBN 978-3-205-20775-7 , pp. 73f.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Kunwald, Ernst . In: Erich H. Müller (Ed.): German Musicians Lexicon . W. Limpert-Verlag, Dresden 1929.
  4. ↑ a b Kunwald, Ernst . In: Nicolas Slonimsky: Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians . 4th, revised and expanded edition, G. Schirmer, New York 1949, p. 618.
  5. ↑ a b c d Theophil Antonicek :  Kunwald, Ernst. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 4, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1969, p. 354.
  6. ↑ a b c d e Kunwald, Ernst . In: Friedrich Jansa (Hrsg.): German sound artists and musicians in words and pictures . 2nd edition, published by Friedrich Jansa, Leipzig 1911, p. 394.
  7. ↑ a b Uwe Harten : Kunwald, Ernst. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 3, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-7001-3045-7 .
  8. ^ A b c d Edmund A. Bowles: Karl Muck and His Compatriots: German Conductors in America during World War I (And How They Coped) . In: American Music 25 (2007) 4, pp. 405-440, here: p. 416.
  9. ↑ Susanne Range (Red.): Klangspuren. 100 years of the Halle Opera House orchestra 1897–1997 . Edited by the Halle Opera House, Halle / Saale 1997, no p.
  10. ↑ Vera Grützner: Waldemar von Baußnern (1866-1931). Life and work (= studies of music history . Vol. 2). Gehann-Musik-Verlag, Kludenbach 1999, ISBN 3-927293-14-8 , p. 53.
  11. ↑ a b c d Kunwald, Ernst . In: Hugo Riemann : Musiklexikon . Edited by Alfred Einstein , 11th edition, M. Hesse, Berlin 1929.
  12. ^ Peter Muck : One Hundred Years of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra . Volume 3: The members of the orchestra, the programs, the concert tours, first and world premieres . Schneider, Tutzing 1982, ISBN 3-7952-0341-4 , p. 459.
  13. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Edmund A. Bowles: Karl Muck and His Compatriots: German Conductors in America during World War I (And How They Coped) . In: American Music 25 (2007) 4, pp. 405-440, here: p. 418.
  14. ^ Robert Copeland:  May Festival (Cincinnati). In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
  15. ↑ History Das Lied von der Erde , mahlerfoundation.org, accessed May 9, 2020.
  16. ↑ Gustav Mahler legacy , mahlerfoundation.org, accessed May 9, 2020.
  17. ↑ Our History , cincinnatisymphony.org, accessed May 9, 2020.
  18. ^ Edmund A. Bowles: Karl Muck and His Compatriots: German Conductors in America during World War I (And How They Coped) . In: American Music 25 (2007) 4, pp. 405-440, here: p. 417.
  19. ↑ Jessica CE Gienow-Hecht : Sound Diplomacy: Music and Emotions in Transatlantic Relations, 1850-1920 . University of Chicago Press, Chicago a. a. 2009, ISBN 978-0-226-29215-1 , p. 205.
  20. ^ Edmund A. Bowles: Karl Muck and His Compatriots: German Conductors in America during World War I (And How They Coped) . In: American Music 25 (2007) 4, pp. 405-440, here: p. 424.
  21. ^ Edmund A. Bowles: Karl Muck and His Compatriots: German Conductors in America during World War I (And How They Coped) . In: American Music 25 (2007) 4, pp. 405-440, here: p. 428.
  22. ↑ a b Fritz Gause : The history of the city of Königsberg in Prussia . Volume 3: From the First World War to the fall of Königsberg (= East Central Europe in the past and present . Vol. 10). Böhlau, Cologne a. a. 1971, ISBN 3-412-38871-8 , p. 83.
  23. ^ Herbert Henck : Norbert von Hannenheim 1898–1945. The search for the Transylvanian composer and his work . Kompost-Verlag, Deinstedt 2007, ISBN 978-3-9802341-5-3 , p. 65ff.
  24. ↑ Anna-Christine Rhode-Jüchtern : Schreker's unequal daughters: Grete von Zieritz and Charlotte Schlesinger in the Nazi era and in exile (= Berlin Music Studies . Vol. 30). Studiopunkt-Verlag, Sinzig 2008, ISBN 978-3-89564-127-5 , pp. 199ff.
  25. ↑ Kunwald, Ernst . In: Rudolf Vierhaus (Ed.): German Biographical Encyclopedia (DBE) . 2., revised. and extended edition. tape 6 : Kraatz-Menges . De Gruyter / KG Saur, Berlin / Boston / Munich 2006, ISBN 3-11-094027-2 , p. 159 .
  26. ↑ a b Kunwald, Ernst . In: Austrian National Library (Ed.): Handbook of Austrian authors of Jewish origin, 18th to 20th century . Volume 1: A-I . Saur, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-598-11545-8 , p. 764.
  27. ↑ Herrmann AL Degener (Ed.): Who is it? Our contemporaries . 6th edition, Degener, Leipzig 1912.
  28. ↑ Kunwald, Ernst . In: Robert Volz: Reich manual of the German society. The handbook of personalities in words and pictures . Volume 1: A-K . German business publisher, Berlin 1930.
personal data
SURNAME Kunwald, Ernst
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian lawyer, conductor, choir director and pianist
DATE OF BIRTH April 14, 1868
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH December 12, 1939
Place of death Vienna