Este (river)

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Estonian
The Estonians at Kakenstorf

The Estonians at Kakenstorf

Data
Water code EN : 5958
location Germany, Lower Saxony and Hamburg
River system Elbe
Drain over Elbe  → North Sea
source At Wintermoor on the Chaussee (town of Schneverdingen )
53 ° 10 ′ 39 ″  N , 9 ° 52 ′ 58 ″  E
Source height 80  m above sea level NN
muzzle Near Hamburg in the Elbe coordinates: 53 ° 32 '11 "  N , 9 ° 47' 29"  E 53 ° 32 '11 "  N , 9 ° 47' 29"  E
Mouth height m above sea level NN
Height difference 80 m
Bottom slope 1.3 ‰
length 62.3 km
Catchment area 364.2 km²
Discharge at the gauge Emmen
A Eo : 184 km²
Location: 24.1 km above the mouth
NNQ (August 11, 1992)
MNQ 1957–2014
MQ 1957–2014
Mq 1957–2014
MHQ 1957–2014
HHQ (July 19, 2002)
737 l / s
1.04 m³ / s
1.77 m³ / s
9.6 l / (s km²)
8.08 m³ / s
24.3 m³ / s
Drain MQ
3.21 m³ / s
Left tributaries Fuhlaubach , Langeloher Bach , Todtglüsinger Bach , Heidloh Bach, Dohrener Mühlenbach , Betenbach, Perlbach , Staersbach , Goldbeck , Vogelsanger Wetter
Right tributaries Schmokbach, Sprötzer Bach , Kakenstorfer Bach, Drestedter Bach, Rollbach, Aarbach, Appelbeeke, Moisburger Bach, Buxtehuder Fleth, Viver, Weidbeck, Landwetter, Alte Hoverwetter, Moorender Wetter
Big cities Hamburg
Medium-sized cities Buxtehude
Small towns Schneverdingen
Communities SG Tostedt , SG Hollenstedt , SG Apensen , Jork
Ports Buxtehude
Navigable From the estuary to Buxtehude (12.5 km)
Barge "Nordsee VII" passes the swing bridge at Jork-Estebrügge.

Barge "Nordsee VII" passes the swing bridge at Jork-Estebrügge.

Upper Este near Nindorf
The dry river bed just above Cordshagen in April 2010
The Estewehr at the harbor in Buxtehude, from this point the tidal influence becomes noticeable

The 62.3 km long Este [ ˈɛstə ] ( Low German Eest) is a left tributary of the Elbe in Lower Saxony and Hamburg .

geography

The source of the Este is located on the western edge of the Lüneburg Heath nature reserve not far from the B 3 near Wintermoor on the Chaussee , a district of Schneverdingen . From there it flows in a northerly direction to Welle , where it flows between the Harburg Mountains in the east and the Otterberg in the west. The Estonians only have constant water from Cordshagen. Further in this direction it flows through Kakenstorf , Hollenstedt , Moisburg and Buxtehude . A few kilometers to the northeast, the Este crosses the Old Country and flows out approx. 2 km after the border from Hamburg at Cranz into the Elbe ( Mühlenberger Loch ) with km 12.77. The Wümme rises just a few kilometers from the source , although it flows into the Weser via the Lesum .

In the district of Harburg, a large part of the Estetals as a nature reserve " Estetal reported". In the district of Stade, two sections of the river are designated as a nature reserve: the " Unteres Estetal " nature reserve between the district boundary near Moisburg and Buxtehude, which is directly connected to the "Estetal" nature reserve, and the " Tide-Este " nature reserve below Buxtehude.

Status

The Este has a relevant function for the subsequent cultural landscape of the heath. Due to the lack of wetlands, the sediment input increases continuously, so that the Estonians can hardly fulfill a function as a habitat in the sense of the European Water Framework Directive . Construction work in Moisburg and Buxtehude further reduced the flow speed of the Estonians, so that the sediment input continues to increase. The Este has consistently the water quality class II: moderately polluted (betamesosaprob)

Upper Este

Above Buxtehude, the Este is a cold summer heathland with salmonids . There are three types of round mouth: sea, river and stream lampreys . In Buxtehude there are two transverse structures with fish ladders. The mill in Moisburg is the third transverse structure, also provided with a fish ladder. Many smaller streams flow into the upper reaches of the Este , such as B. the Staersbach, the Moisburger Bach and the Appelbeke. Efforts have been made to renaturate the Estonians and their tributaries since the recent past . The once straightened rivers are set back and made closer to nature.

Traffic rules

Due to the intensive use of the Estonians by recreational sports and canoe rental companies, the Harburg district issued an ordinance in 2002 for the Estonians, their backwaters and the associated bank areas, which is intended to protect the habitat of plants and animals. Since then, driving and entering the Este from the source to Hollenstedt has been forbidden all year round and between Hollenstedt (bridge on the K40) and Buxtehude only with kayaks with a maximum width of 1 m and 5.50 m length, only during the day from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. and only allowed in flow direction.

Lower Este

The Este (Es) is a federal waterway of class I from the mouth to the underwater of the lock (km 0.25) at the Buxtehude harbor , on which the shipping route regulations apply. The Hamburg Waterways and Shipping Office is responsible . In the middle of the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century, extensive bank protection measures were necessary due to the heavy shipping traffic.

From approx. 2 km below Buxtehude to the Hamburg state border (district Cranz ) the river runs into the Jork area. The navigability, however, depends on the tide , and above Estebrugge there is also heavy silting. Due to the low importance of the river for commercial shipping today, the waterways and shipping authorities no longer carry out dredging. Numerous weather flows into the lower reaches of the Este , which serve to drain the marshland .

Freight transport and shipyards

Goods were once briskly transported on the Este, especially between 1910 and 1939, but at times even after the Second World War. Numerous industrial companies were located in Buxtehude and shipped their goods from there. In particular, the products of the mills and brickworks were transported by water, as was the fruit of the Altland farmers. There is evidence that the city of Buxtehude has belonged to the Hanseatic League since 1363 , and the shipowners on the Este have operated ocean shipping since the 17th century . Many ship owners anchored their ship directly behind their house on the Este. Even today, numerous shipping companies have their headquarters in Buxtehude and in the Altland villages along the Este, but freight traffic is no longer carried out on the Este itself.

There used to be many shipyards on the Este, of which only the Sietas shipyard in Hamburg-Neuenfelde still exists today. Mainly small and medium-sized container ships are built here.

passenger traffic

The ferry between Cranz and Blankenese on the other side of the Elbe was first mentioned in 1301. A ship connection from Buxtehude to Blankenese was established in 1575, initially with Ewern and from 1853 with steamers . The trademarks of the ships were the crossed keys on the chimney, which is why they were also given the name “key steamer”. At the end of the 19th century the shipowners merged; initially without a special name, later they were called "Hamburg-Blankenese-Este-Linien" (HBEL). Meanwhile, the number of moorings between Buxtehude and Cranz had grown to 17, including five in Estebrugge alone. In 1902 the paddle steamer Primus , which belonged to the Este lines, sank . It was one of the worst shipping accidents on the Elbe.

Due to the reduced number of passengers after the Niederelbebahn and the Postbus service went into operation , regular journeys on the Buxtehude - Cranz section were discontinued in 1915, but resumed briefly after the Second World War. In 1963 HBEL was taken over by HADAG , which has operated ferry traffic between Cranz and Blankenese ever since. The symbol of the crossed keys on the route timetable still reminds us of the past .

In addition to the regular service, the Este was always traveled by excursion boats. After the regular trips to Buxtehude were discontinued, the possibility of charter tours and public excursions on weekends has been offered again since the 1980s. However, the increasing siltation of the river made it increasingly difficult to maintain these journeys. After the Buxtehude harbor basin was dredged, public barge trips have been taking place again since 2007 on the initiative of the city .

Sport boat area

The Este in Estebrugge with the bridge in the background

The drive along reeds, fruit trees, small towns and the shipyard to the Elbe makes the Estonians an attractive, albeit difficult, area for recreational captains. Where the professional boatmen used to anchor their boats, there are now numerous snakes for sailing and motor boats along the entire course from Buxtehude to Cranz .

Bridges and barriers

The Este flows into the Elbe at the Estes barrier

Since the Middle Ages, the bridge near Estebrugge has been the only way to cross in the lower reaches of the Este and helped the town named after it to attain considerable prosperity at the time. Originally designed as a Dutch drawbridge , today's swing bridge connects the Jork districts of Estebrugge and Moorende. In 1875 a second bridge between Jork-Hove and Jork-Kingdom was opened as part of the newly built Chaussee Stade - Francop , today's Obstmarschenweg . The pedestrian roller bridge between Hamburg-Cranz and Hamburg-Neuenfelde was put into operation in 1961 together with the inner Este storm surge barrier at the same location. Also between Cranz and Neuenfelde, about 800 meters below, just before the mouth of the river, there is the outer Este storm surge barrier, which is spanned by a large bascule bridge. The barrage was built after the storm surge in 1962 in the course of the pre-dike between 1964 and 1967 and originally had a passage width of 22 meters. At the urging of the Sietas shipyard located above, the construction of a new barrage with a passage width of 40 meters began in 1996. The shipyard contributed half of the construction costs of 90 million DM. The new barrage was built next to the old one and officially opened on April 22, 1999 with the passage of the RoRo ship Elisabeth Russ . The barrage can be closed with two mortise gates .

The Buxtehude ports

The port, designed as Fleth , is considered to be the oldest port in Northern Europe that was artificially created in a city.

The second port in Buxtehude

The second (today's) port was initially only used as a roadstead ; it lies in front of the former city wall and was therefore unprotected. After the decline in the transport of goods by ship, the port was increasingly neglected; it was only used by pleasure boats and a few excursion boats.

From the end of 2015, the Este will be crossed by Autobahn 26, which is currently under construction, by means of a flat bridge north of the city. As a result, the Buxtehude harbor will no longer be fully accessible by boats from the lower reaches of the Este. Dredging is being planned.

In the run-up to the construction of the motorway, the port and the Este were brought back into the focus of Buxtehude politics: from 2004 the port area was redesigned and the port basin was dredged. New residential buildings were built, and a cultural center is being built in a wing of the painting school. For pleasure boat tourists, the trip on the Este to Buxtehude is to be made more attractive, and on the initiative of the city, excursion services with barges have been resumed.

Shortly before the actual port is a small construction port of the Hamburg waterways and shipping office.

Individual evidence

  1. a b c OpenStreetMap
  2. Water quality report Elbe 2000
  3. ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Elbe Region, Part III 2014. (PDF) ISSN 0949-3654. Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Hamburg Port Authority, p. 156 , accessed on October 4, 2017 (German, at: dgj.de).
  4. a b c Lengths (in km) of the main shipping routes (main routes and certain secondary routes) of the federal inland waterways ( memento of the original from January 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsv.de
  5. Water quality of the Este-Süd
  6. Water quality of the Este-Nord
  7. Ordinance of the Harburg district regulating public use on the rivers Este, Seeve and Luhe including tributaries and tributaries of June 18, 2002 (PDF)
  8. ↑ Navigation rules for the Estonians , published by DKV (PDF)
  9. Directory E, serial no. 15 der Chronik ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsv.de
  10. www.hamburg-port-authority.de ( Memento of the original from July 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hamburg-port-authority.de
  11. Ship & Harbor: 375 Years of Sietas Werft, October 2010, page 60 (PDF), accessed on April 4, 2020
  12. Hamburger Morgenpost, Este barrage closed, January 3, 2013 , accessed on May 12, 2019
  13. Leaflet from the Stade Regional Association , accessed on June 29, 2016.
  14. 2nd construction phase from east of Horneburg to east of Buxtehude , Nds. State authority for road construction and traffic
  15. ^ Buxtehude withdraws lawsuit against A-26-Bau , Kerstin Lorenz, Die Welt, April 24, 2013

literature

  • M. Eckoldt (Hrsg.): Rivers and canals, The history of the German waterways. DSV-Verlag, Hamburg 1998, ISBN 3-88412-243-6 .

Web links

Commons : Este  - collection of images, videos and audio files