Füssenberg iron ore mine - Friedrich Wilhelm

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Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm
General information about the mine
Füsseberg by Leon Hupperichs around 1940.jpg
other names Füssenberg, Fuss, Füchsenberg, Fußberg
Funding / total 18 million tons of iron ore
Rare minerals Millerite
Information about the mining company
Operating company Erzbergbau Siegerland AG
Employees 510 (max. 1064)
Start of operation before 1708
End of operation March 31, 1965
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Spateisenstein / copper ore
Spateisenstein

Gang name

Florz-Füssenberger gangway train
Greatest depth 1052.1 m
Degradation of Copper ore
Geographical location
Coordinates 50 ° 45 '2.7 "  N , 7 ° 56' 50.7"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 45 '2.7 "  N , 7 ° 56' 50.7"  E
Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm (Rhineland-Palatinate)
Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm
Location Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm
Location Biersdorf / Herdorf
local community Daaden
District ( NUTS3 ) Altenkirchen
country State of Rhineland-Palatinate
Country Germany
District Mining Authority District Betzdorf

The iron ore mine Füsseberg - Friedrich Wilhelm (also called Füssenberg or Fuss ) was one of the most important iron ore mines in the Siegerland ore district . It extended from the Daadetal near Daaden - Biersdorf to Herdorf in Rhineland-Palatinate . It was created in 1932 as a group of the Füssenberg , Friedrich Wilhelm , Glaskopf and Einigkeit pits, as well as numerous smaller pits in the immediate vicinity. Between 1942 and 1965 it was the most important mine in the Siegerland. When it was closed in March 1965, ore mining ended in Siegerland. The beginnings of the mine go back at least to 1708, so that over 300 years of mining history can be documented.

History of precursor pits

Iron ore mine Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm (colored blue), as well as neighboring mines

The first mining and smelting of iron took place in the Siegerland from the 2nd to the 1st millennium BC. Known. Mining first on copper and later on iron has been documented in the area around Daaden since the 17th century, and it is very likely that it already existed in the 16th or early 17th century. The oldest mines were Füssenberg and Florz (both before 1708), Friedrich Wilhelm and Ohliger Zug . Was funded siderite and to a minor extent copper ore . The extraction of iron ore by moltern (digging for lawn iron stone and superficial ores) has been known in the region since Celtic times.

Füssenberg mine

1708 to 1837 - trades as owners

The Füssenberg mine (also called Füchsenberg , Füssenberger Kupferbergwerk or Underster Fußberg ) was first mentioned in 1708 as a copper mine . In a report to Duke Johann Wilhelm von Sachsen-Eisenach , the Underster Fußbergk mine was described as lost in 1708, so active mining existed in the previous years, but copper mining was no longer profitable. In this report, only the Ohligskaude (later: Ohliger Zug mine ) was noted as the iron ore mine in the Daatetal . To 1742, the economic situation had improved fundamentally, the copper mining Bottom foxes mountain is called in a high yield, the Supreme foxes mountain than in Zubuße described. For 1780, Füssenberg is listed as one of the four most important iron stone mines in the Friedewald office (next to the Ohliger Zug , Florz and Glaskopf mines ). At the end of the 18th century, the mine fields were exploited by trades with a small number of employees.

In 1799, the Füssenberg copper mine, which was owned by the Altmalscheid trade union, employed a steiger , three tusks and two blacksmiths. The mine earned in the quarter of 2052 guilders and 48 cruisers and spent 2093 guilders, so made a loss. Two years later the situation had improved only marginally: in November and December 1801 21.25 quintals of copper were sold for 1,445 thalers . There were now 4 permanent workers, as well as 2 occasionally helping hands, in the quarter 656 shifts were billed, which exceeded the value of 1799 (245 billed shifts in the quarter) almost three times. The permanent contractors all worked double shifts. The mine ownership was stated as follows: "three pomps, two buckets, two scrapers, three wedge- shaped chisels, 52 drills, eleven boxes, eleven lights, nine filling kegs, three cutters and a cutting bench".

Before 1800 there was already a separate hut (Biersdorfer Hütte) for processing the ores in Biersdorf, as well as two other huts in neighboring Daaden (Daad Hütte and Kupfer Hütte).

Until 1815 the mine was in the county of Sayn-Altenkirchen , where a strict export ban for Eisenstein was laid down. After that, the county became part of Prussia , which also brought the freedom of movement of goods. As of May 26, 1818, the 440 year old ban on the export of Eisenstein to neighboring counties was lifted, which led to a significant revival of the mining industry. After 1828 the Repartitionsverband der Hüttengewerke was dissolved , which meant that the previous commitment to a small and limited number of metallurgical plants in the county was lifted and mining was further activated.

1837 to 1871 - early industrialization

In the early 19th century, the focus was on the mining of iron ore, the industrial revolution called for iron. From 1837 the ownership structure changed, the mine was no longer operated by small trades, but by financially stronger coal and steel companies. The Füssenberger mine fields were sold to the English mining company German Mining Co. , which also acquired other mine fields in the area adjacent to the north.

The German Mining Co. had been founded shortly before - on May 2, 1836 - as a stock corporation under British law. The company was based in London and the shareholders were exclusively English. Their goal was exploration, i.e. the search for new mining opportunities for ores and the operation of existing mines in Germany. The main shareholder with approx. 20% was the mining engineer Henry Mancur (* approx. 1790 - † February 26, 1844), who had been active in mining since 1811 and during this time managed numerous mines, especially in the English counties of Cornwall , Wales , Staffordshire , Lancashire and Cheshire .

In the 1830s and 1840s, the German Mining Co. was one of the largest mining companies operating in Germany. Over 200 mines were operated, mainly in Siegerland (iron mining), in the Lahn-Dill area (iron, copper and lead mining), in the eastern Taunus (lead, silver and copper mining) and in Rhineland-Palatinate (mercury mining) ).

In 1837, a number of mines in the vicinity of Füsseberg were also bought up, including the Bindweide mine .

The rapid expansion of the German Mining Co. soon led to financial difficulties, so new shares had to be issued as early as 1841 and again in 1842.

However, the sale of new shares was not enough to service the costs and loans, so that on July 27, 1846, at a meeting of shareholders, the owners instructed the directors to dispose of company shares and mine property. Shortly afterwards, wages were withheld or not paid at all in a number of mines. The first sales of mines were made, including the Füssenberg mine in 1848.

From 1848 the financial situation deteriorated dramatically, so that on March 16, 1849 the German Mining Co. had to be declared insolvent. The subsequent legal dispute by various instances before London courts dragged on from July 1849 to 1853 and ended with the confirmation of bankruptcy.

After eleven years in English ownership, Theodor Stein, general representative of Daniel Stein senior. Son from Kirchen, the Füssenberger and neighboring fields, as well as other fields in the area, and thereby enlarged and unified the business considerably. From March 1848 at the latest, the industrial plants of the Siegerland were also affected by the March Revolution , hunger and hardship of the workers led to revolts.

Theodor Stein also took over the Bindweide mine around 1848 . On the one hand, he foresaw the need to set up larger mining operations so that mining would be profitable. On the other hand, he correctly estimated the pulling power of a future development of the remote Siegerland with railway lines.

From 1860 the Füssenberger Erbstollen was started and driven north in the Kahlenberg. It should serve to dissolve water in the pits on the Florz-Füssenberger gangway. In the following year, the advance of the Florzer Erbstollen (later renamed Kaiser Wilhelm Erbstollen) began. At that time, only tunnel construction was being carried out in all of the pits on this passage, the first shafts came much later.

With the partial opening of the Deutz-Gießen line in 1861, Herdorf was connected to the railway. For the first time there was a railway connection in the region, which quickly led to a considerable expansion of mining activities. In particular, it benefited the pits near the railway, so that the Florz and Friedrich Wilhelm pits also quickly benefited. The ores from the Füssenberg mine , on the other hand, had to be brought to the Herdorf train station by horse-drawn vehicles along the 8 km long road.

The “Glückshafener Mittel” deposit, which belongs to Füssenberg, was developed during this time through two tunnels starting from the Daade valley ( Ferdinand mine ).

From the middle of the 1860s, the mining industry received an enormous boost from the new railway line; as early as 1865, Füssenberg lapped the neighboring Ohliger Zug mine with an annual production of 5832 t for the first time, while Ohliger Zug only extracted half of this amount of ore (2635 t). By 1867 the Füssenberger Erbstollen had reached the Glückshafen funds and was able to take over the water solution. Due to the less favorable location of the pits on the southern slope of the Kahlenberg, further expansion came to a standstill. It was not until 1885 that Füssenberg also received its own rail connection via the newly built Daadetalbahn .

In 1871 the production amounted to 16,083 t, making it the second largest mine in the Daaden-Kirchen mining area after Grube Friedrich Wilhelm (17,917 t in the same year).

1872 to 1932 - industrialization

Füssenberg ore processing 1913
Füssenberg company building in 1913

Under the impression of a serious mining accident at the Bindweide mine in 1872, Theodor Stein sold his entire mine property to Alfred Krupp in the same year , including the fields of the Füssenberg mine (in the literature, the year 1865 is sometimes incorrectly stated for the sale of Füssenberg). The mine fields were subordinated to the Krupp mining administration, which later became Sieg-Lahn Bergbau GmbH. Now large parts of the ore reserves between Herdorf and Biersdorf were in one hand and the transition to the industrial exploitation of the ore veins was becoming apparent. The corridors above the Füssenberger Erbstollen were opened up by several tunnels, civil engineering with shafts has not yet taken place. The construction of the Daadetalbahn in 1885 ensured the connection of Biersdorf and thus indirectly also Füssenberg to the railway network. However, the ore reserves that were accessible without the construction of a shaft were tapped after 20 years and the remaining material was of insufficient quality, so operations were temporarily suspended in 1892. Since both the Füssenberg mine fields and the fields of Friedrich Wilhelm belonged to Krupp, the mining was temporarily concentrated on the more easily accessible deposits on the northern slope of the Kahlenberg (Friedrich Wilhelm mine).

The Füssenberg mine was reopened a few years later in order to start civil engineering in 1899. A steam engine provided power for the carrier. The first larger daytime facilities were built. Today's shaft was initially sunk to 40 m, in 1902 to 80 m and in 1908 to 160 m. From 1907 the annual output of 10,000 t was exceeded again, Füssenberg caught up with the big mines again with 10,105 t annual output. After that, production was increased in large steps, in 1917 it was already 42,236 t.

If one summarizes the total ore production of all mines on this passage train ( Glaskopf , Füssenberg , Einigkeit and Friedrich Wilhelm mines ), this results in a production of 90,904 t in 1900, compared to the two largest mines in Siegerland at the time ( Storch & Schöneberg 298,707 t and Eisenzecher Zug 235,433 t, each in 1900) a smaller amount. This relationship was not reversed until 1942 when the deposits in the two large pits were exhausted.

In 1908, the ore processing of Füssenberg was connected to the Daadetalbahn with a standard gauge track. In the same year, the nine-year-old steam winder was replaced by a more powerful steam engine, supplied by the Germania shipyard in Kiel. Opposite the tunnel mouth hole, new buildings were built that contained the mine administration, an Obersteiger apartment and workshops. Wet processing followed in 1913, followed by electromagnetic processing from 1915 .

Between 1923 and 1929 the mine had to be temporarily shut down several times due to the occupation of the Ruhr and strong competition from inexpensive foreign ores.

In 1927, Krupp acquired the Glaskopf mine immediately to the south to expand the Füssenberg mine . In 1932, 60 neighboring Krupp mine fields were merged into a Füssenberg operating group. Since industrial mining paid off especially on large operating units, Krupp combined the Füssenberg and Friedrich Wilhelm mines in 1932 to form a composite mine . The connection was also made underground through a breakthrough between the 486 m level in Füssenberg and the 494 m level in Friedrich Wilhelm.

Pits Glass Head and Salome

Pit glass head

The pit field of the Glaskopf pit is located west of Daaden near Biersdorf and was mentioned as one of the four most important pits in the Friedewald office for 1780 and re-awarded in 1842. It dismantled the same gangway as the Füssenberg and Friedrich Wilhelm mines adjoining to the north . The thickness of the mine was 0.5 to 4 m. Mining began with two tunnels. A first shaft was sunk from 1877, the cross-section was 4.5 × 2.5 m. Only five years later there were two civil engineering layers at 45 and 85 m. The hoisting machine was operated with steam and was able to reach a speed of 4 m / s when conveying via a 26 mm thick hoisting rope. In 1900, the consolidation with the neighboring Salome mine took place while retaining the name of the Glaskopf mine .

In 1927, through an exchange of pit fields between Vereinigte Stahlwerke AG as the owner of the Glaskopf mine and Krupp as the owner of the Füssenberg mine , Glaskopf was added to the neighboring Füssenberg mine in the early 1930s and reopened in the early 1930s. Starting from Füssenberg, a connection to the shaft of the Glaskopf pit was created on the 486 m level , which then only served as a weather shaft for the mine network, as the ore reserves of Glaskopf were too heavily mixed with quartz to be able to be mined.

Salome Pit

The Salome mine near Biersdorf consisted of a consolidation of the Aquila and Jakobine mines . They dismantled a 230 m long part of the gangway. In 1877 the first shaft was sunk.

Plan of the roasting oven at Glaskopf

From 1905 the ore processing of the Glaskopf pit was renewed and four 9 m high roasting furnaces were built near the conveyor tunnel. One oven ( location ) has been preserved to this day and is the last roasting oven in the Siegerland. Glaskopf was temporarily shut down only two years later .

Pits Friedrich Wilhelm, Florz, unity and chance luck

Operating point Friedrich Wilhelm 1955
Friedrich Wilhelm mine around 1913, lower operating level with daytime facilities in the foreground

The Friedrich Wilhelm mine was first mentioned in 1820, although it is probably older. In the beginning, the mining was done exclusively through tunnels. Before 1861, the Florz mine , which had been in operation in the 18th century, was taken over. In 1860 the Florzer Tiefer Stollen , later Friedrich Wilhelm Erbstollen , was built and an ore processing and roasting plant was set up in the immediate vicinity of the mouth hole . The processed ores were transported to Herdorf train station by horse and cart. In the middle of the 19th century the mine was taken over by the mining entrepreneur Theodor Stein from Kirchen, as was the mine fields near Füssenberg. This led to a considerable increase in funding. Whereas only 3868 t were extracted in 1861, the annual production quadrupled in the following decade and reached 17,917 t in 1871. This made it the largest mine in the Daaden-Kirchen mountain area. The neighboring Füssenberg mine , however, was almost on a par with an annual output that was only 10% lower.

From 1861 ore was transported from the Friedrich Wilhelm , Florz and Einigkeit pits with a 1170 Lachter (approx. 2.3 km) long horse-drawn railway to Herdorf station. For this purpose, railway tracks with 30 inch gauge (narrow gauge) were laid, which were not used by locomotives, but the wagons were pulled by horses because the hauliers feared a loss of profit. Locomotives were not used until 1872, and the ore on the Sottersbachtalbahn could then be transferred more efficiently to the Deutz - Gießen railway at Herford station.

In 1872 the mining company Stein sold the mine to the Krupp company, together with the Füssenberger shares.

Krupp intensified the mining and from 1874 the shaft of the pit to the northeast was first used by random luck , as it had already started to sink a shaft in 1862 . Fortunately , Krupp did not own the mine, but it did provide support.

The first own shaft was created in 1878 and had a cross-section of 2.3 × 4.4 m. The second shaft had a cross-section of 2.7 × 4.7 m and reached a maximum depth of 1052 m in the 1960s. In the second half of the 19th century, the predominantly wooden headframes were low, rarely higher than 10 m, with correspondingly small sheaves. Since the relatively small delivery volumes did not require a high delivery speed , this was sufficient. A twin engine with a back gear to reduce the speed was used as the steam engine . During the cable trip on Friedrich Wilhelm , a maximum of 4 people were transported with initially cylindrical, later conical cable drums, on a base area of ​​the conveyor cage of 1.0 m 2 . During ore mining, a maximum of 1570 kg per load was lifted. Until well into the 1880s, ore was extracted underground by humans, not horses or machines.

The early connection to the railway promoted rapid growth, so that in 1881 the annual output was already 39,097 t and had therefore doubled within 10 years. Füsseberg, on the other hand, had to report a further 20% decline in annual subsidies in the same period due to a lack of siding and civil engineering.

If one summarizes the total ore production of all mines on this passage train ( Glaskopf , Füssenberg , Einigkeit and Friedrich Wilhelm mines ), this results in a production of 90,904 t in 1900, compared to the two largest mines in Siegerland at the time ( Storch & Schöneberg 298,707 t and Eisenzecher Zug 235,433 t, each in 1900) a smaller amount. This relationship was only to be reversed in 1942 with the exhaustion of the deposits in the two large pits and the intensification of mining at Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm.

Friedrich Wilhelm was temporarily shut down several times between 1920 and 1931, and then for a longer period of time during the economic crisis from 1931 onwards. It was only after 1932 that Friedrich Wilhelm started up again - now as part of the new Füssenberg composite mine.

Pit unity

For further consolidation, the neighboring unity mine was taken over in 1906 . This was built in 1851 and from 1861 operated a 367 m deep blind shaft in the Friedrich Wilhelm Erbstollen, which opened up the 320 m bottom. At the head of the blind shaft on the bottom of the tunnel, a large space had been blasted out of the mountain, which contained the hoisting machine and the steam boiler. To dispose of the exhaust gases, a 90 m high vent was blasted into the rock, which led over days and ended there in a chimney in the middle of the forest ( location ). Between 1851 and 1906, a total of 565,474 t of iron ore was mined at the Unity mine, with a workforce of 350 men. Between 1906 and 1936 the production of the consolidated mine was 3.743 million t.

Promotion of individual pits

The following annual quantities of ore were mined in the 19th century. The pits Bindweide , Randomglück and San Fernando are immediately adjacent pits that did not belong to the later network. Typically 60% to 70% of the ores went by rail to smelters on the Lower Rhine and the Ruhr, v. a. to Erkrath-Hochdahl .

Annual production, information in tonnes of ore mined for selected years:

pit 1862 1864 1865 1867 1874 1880 1891 1896 1897 1903 1913 1926
Friedrich Wilhelm 33057 35868 38424 13472 34029 47196 42562 53136 79894 98400
Fussberg <5000 3263 12888 31620 9780 no no <30000 <30000 55200
unity a) a) 15426 11036 23758 20059 d) d)
Glass head a) a) b) a) 4624 12153 14610 d) d)
Salome a) 5204 b) a) 8834 c) c) d) d) d)
San Fernando <5000 a) b) 15623 19954 <30000 <30000 92400
Chance luck 6604 14581 29612 13605 43544 45059 50948 76700 closed
Bindweide 7469 14682 10482 101504 122510 122337 97451 124800

Notes: a) not in operation or <5000 t annual output, b) not in operation or <10000 t, c) not in operation or <12500 t, d) consolidated, flow rate specified for the main pit.

History of the composite mine 1932 to 1965

Daytime facilities at the Füssenberg shaft
Füssenberg shaft and ore processing (around 1950–1960)

In 1932, Krupp merged the 60 mine fields between Friedrich Wilhelm and Glaskopf to form an authorized Füssenberg . The Fusselberg , Glaskopf and Salome mines to the south were merged with the Friedrich Wilhelm , Florz and Einigkeit mines to the north . The composite mine Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm was created. From 1934 the breakthrough of the 17th level (494 m level, −206.8 m above sea level) between Füssenberg and the Friedrich Wilhelm pit sealed the merger of the two pits underground.

The consolidation quickly led to extensive modernizations. The entire conveyor technology on the Füssenberg side was renewed, the headframe above the Füssenberg main shaft was reinforced and raised, the steam engine replaced with a powerful electric conveyor motor, and the conveyor cage and conveyor harnesses were newly designed. Below the ore processing, new buildings for the mine administration and a new wash house were built, and workshops and warehouses were also built.

As early as 1935, the construction of a new central ore processing and roasting facility began on the Füssenberg side, directly on the main shaft. The roasting plant initially consisted of six 14 m high roasting ovens, later two more roasting ovens were added. To the west of the roasting plant, a roasting plant was built in 1938. The ore processing and roasting of the Friedrich Wilhelm mine was abandoned in favor of the new facility at the Füssenberg mine. The mine conveyor systems, however, were continuously modernized, as the Friedrich Wilhelm shafts were intended for extraction.

From 1937 ore processing was also used by the Wolf mine, which had recently been reopened . The ore was transported via a new material ropeway that was 3.5 km in length from November 1936. The Wolf mine was temporarily shut down again in 1945 and was not considered again until 1953 when Erzbergbau Siegerland AG was founded as a possible part of a new joint San Fernando - Wolf mine . There were extensive investigations, but the network operation was not started because the sales crisis for German iron ore became apparent, which in 1965 led to the closure of all Siegerland mines.

From 1942 the conveyor tunnel between the Friedrich Wilhelm mine and the Füssenberg mine was ready for use for transporting raw ore after a two-year construction period.

Beginning in 1953, the Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm mine belonged to Erzbergbau Siegerland AG, in which all of the Siegerland mines were merged. This was the attempt to be able to rationalize mining more efficiently by forming large companies and to bundle resources such as ore processing plants and use them more efficiently. This should reduce the extraction costs and keep German ore more competitive in order to cushion the incipient structural crisis in iron ore mining in Germany.

Before the 1950s, mine closures were mainly the result of market-adjusting processes aimed at increasing the efficiency of mining operations. Due to very extensive studies, especially by North American companies in the 1950s on iron ore deposits worldwide, the forecast of the ore reserves still available multiplied considerably in a short time. There was also a drop in the price of ocean freight. As a result, the price of iron ore fell to a low that was not profitable for German mining companies. After years of undersupply caused by the war, there was suddenly an oversupply, which led to prices that were far too low in order to be able to remain competitive for German ores. While in 1953 the price per ton of iron ore was 97 DM , it rose to 140 DM per ton by 1957, after which it fell to 73 DM per ton. As early as 1961, a ton of ore imported from Sweden only cost 51 DM including transport to the smelters in the Ruhr area, while ore from Siegerland was 100 DM / ton due to the laborious extraction process. The drop in the price of foreign ores was also largely due to the sharp drop in sea freight costs. Füssenberg and the other Siegerland companies were unable to compensate for this despite intensive rationalization efforts. When the main sales customers, the iron and steel works on the Ruhr, canceled their supply contracts at the beginning of 1964, there was only one way of closing the plant for Füssenberg and the entire Erzbergbau Siegerland AG.

The last shift was on March 26, 1965. The composite mine Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm closed on March 31, 1965. Industrial ore mining ended in Siegerland and a 3000-year history of iron extraction came to an end, although large ore reserves were still available.

The headframe was 39.6 m high and was demolished on April 22, 1966. The shafts Friedrich Wilhelm 1 and 2 were secured with a 50 m thick shaft seal made of compacted backfill material, which rests on an approx. 2 m thick concrete slab. The Füssenberg shaft was only covered and not backfilled, as the pit was to be kept open as a reserve mine.

The mine area at the Füssenberg shaft is now fallow land, and there is no subsequent use. The head of the shaft is still visible, as are the mouth holes of the tunnels, and the terraced slopes on which the ore processing stood are also present. With the exception of the roasting processing building, which has been preserved as a ruin, there are no other ore processing buildings. The buildings of the mine administration, the laundry and the stamp issue, as well as the locksmith's shop have been preserved and are used by an industrial company ( location ). On Betzdorfer Strasse in Biersdorf - east of the daytime facilities - company apartments and the building of the consumer grocery store have also been preserved. The sheave of the headframe was erected as a memorial in the town center ( location ). At the Friedrich Wilhelm Schächten, all the large buildings of the daytime facilities have been preserved, these are located on private property. There are no above-ground traces of the Glaskopf and Randomglück pits (apart from the roasting oven mentioned at the beginning), as they were built over by a new development area or an industrial area.

Deposit

The iron ore deposit consists of an approximately 12 km long and 150 to 200 m wide zone with veins of siderite ( siderite ), the relatively straight forward in NNE-SSW direction from the pit Eisenzecher train extends to Weitefeld and Florz feet Berger lode is called .

The gangway is divided into three groups, from north to south these are:

Northern group:

Friedrich Wilhelm Mittel, Florzer Mittel, Unterste Einigkeit and Glückshafen 1 to 3 (all on the Herdorf side of the Kahlenberg). The corridors were several meters thick . The Florzer Mittel has its greatest extent between the 544 m and 594 m level of Friedrich Wilhelm and has a thickness of up to 20 m over a length of almost 400 m. It is cut across several levels by a fault, the so-called copper gap. This contains copper pebbles up to a thickness of 50 cm, which was also mined for copper extraction.

Medium group:

Füsseberger Mittel, 1st to 3rd passage section, water pocket and 4th passage section (below the Kahlenberg and on the Biersdorf side). The Glaskopf Mittel (below Biersdorf) disappeared above the 610 m level in Füssenberg, below this level the corridors 1 to 3 begin.

Southern group:

During exploration work in 1937 the corridor pieces Eintracht and in 1942 the corridor pieces Strasbourg 1 and 2 were found (all southwest of Biersdorf). In the search for further ore deposits, several exploration routes were driven from the 1940s onwards . The longest with 2270 m on the 360 ​​m level to the southwest in the direction of Niederdreisbach , where you met a small corridor 20 m long and 4 m thick. However, due to the very strong water inflow and the great distance to the shaft, this was not dismantled and the further advance also ended. A planned connection via this route to the Bindweide mine was no longer implemented.

The dike rock is a small-grain intrusive diabase of the Lower Carboniferous , so the deposit is less than about 350 million years old. An analysis of the roasted ore typically showed the following composition: 50.6% iron, 10.6% manganese, 0.3% copper and 5.7% silicon dioxide (quartz).

With the end of mining in 1965, only part of the deposit was exploited, an estimated 15 million tonnes of iron ore could still be mined, with a total depth of 1500 m. This is 38% of the iron ore that is still suspected and not mined in the entire Siegerland.

Mining and extraction

Shafts and tunnels

f1Georeferencing Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap Note: The accuracy of the coordinates is *) around 25 m, **) around 50 m, ***) around 75 m.

Sole plan Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm

The composite mine had five shafts, from north to south these are:

Manhole began Lawn hanging bench / location sunk up Depth Remarks
Friedrich Wilhelm 1 1878 +334.6 m NN position *) 18th level (−613.5 m above sea level) 948.1 m Hoisting machine house: location *)
Friedrich Wilhelm 2 1878 +337.7 NN m Location *) 19th level (−714.4 m above sea level) 1052.1 m Conveyor shaft, hoisting machine house: location *)
Blind shaft agreement +288.9 m above sea level 320 m level (−31.2 m above sea level) 320.1 m Shaft head on the bottom of the Friedrich Wilhelm Erbstollen
Fussberg 1899 +303.4 NN m Location *) 20th level (−741.8 m above sea level) 1045.2 m Conveyor shaft; Hoisting machine house: location *)
Glass head 1878 +313.4 m NN position **) 17th level (−607.4 m above sea level) 920.8 m connected with weather overburden from level 18, weather shaft

The production shafts Friedrich Wilhelm 2 and Füssenberg supplied the pit with fresh weather (moving shafts) and were therefore expanded first when deeper levels were developed - so they hurried ahead of the other shafts when they were being sunk. The remaining shafts ventilated the pit (extending shafts). The composite pit was mainly ventilated by natural drafts.

On the north side of the Kahlenberg in the area of ​​Friedrich Wilhelm, the following tunnels were driven south:

stollen Mouth hole Remarks
Friedrich Wilhelm Upper Stollen +341.8 m NN position **)
New conveyor tunnel (north portal) +294.7 m NN position **) Ore transport from the Friedrich Wilhelm shaft to Füssenberg processing
Friedrich Wilhelm heir gallery +288.3 m NN position **) 1860: Started as the Florzer Tiefer Stollen , in 1866 it was driven to a length of 321 Lachter (approx. 671 m). It was later renamed Florzer Erbstollen , then Friedrich Wilhelm Erbstollen
Ferdinand Stollen +403.4 m NN position ***) Predecessor mining 19th century or earlier, still accessible in 1947; there was a second tunnel in the Ferdinand mine, which cannot currently be located
Lower unity studs +386.5 m NN position ***) Predecessor mining 19th century or older, still accessible in 1947

On the south side of the Kahlenberg in the area of ​​Füssenberg, the following tunnels were driven north:

stollen Mouth hole Remarks
Erbstollen Füssenberg +268.86 NN m Location *) from 1861, nowadays with an issued pit lock
Füssenberger upper gallery +278.0 location *) in retaining wall behind roasting ovens
St. Georg Stollen +269.0 m NN position **)
Tunnel (mountain elevator) Location **)
New conveyor tunnel (west portal) +314.9 NN m Location *) In 1942 the 1,435 m long conveyor tunnel between Füssenberg and Friedrich Wilhelm was added
New conveyor tunnel (east portal) +314.9 NN m Location *) In 1942 the 1,435 m long conveyor tunnel between Füssenberg and Friedrich Wilhelm was added
Sabine studs +322.2 m NN position **) Predecessor mining 19th century or older, still accessible in 1947
Heinrichszecher upper gallery +349.2 m NN position **) Predecessor mining 19th century or earlier, still accessible in 1947; Reduction of the Glückshafen funds
Heinrichszecher deep tunnel +317.4 m NN position **) Predecessor mining 19th century or older, still accessible in 1947
Glücksberg tunnel +378.2 m NN position **) Predecessor mining 19th century or older, still accessible in 1947
Windfall studs +371.0 m NN position **) Predecessor mining 19th century or older, still accessible in 1947
Lucky oat stollen +392.3 m NN position **) Predecessor mining 19th century or older, still accessible in 1947
Juno studs +363.3 m NN position **) Predecessor mining 19th century or older, still accessible in 1947
Glücksberger deep tunnel Location **) Predecessor mining 19th century or older, still accessible in 1947
Schäbches (or Schöbches) stollen +352.5 m NN position **) Predecessor mining 19th century or older, still accessible in 1947

At the Glaskopf operating point, two tunnels were driven south:

stollen Mouth hole Remarks
Conveyor tunnel (glass head) +280.57 m MSL position **)
Deep tunnel (glass head) +266.19 m MSL position **)

It was pumped through both shafts in order to be able to cope with the amount of ore. The ores arriving at the Friedrich Wilhelm Schacht were sent from there through the new conveyor tunnel to Biersdorf for processing.

Soles

Numerous levels were penetrated underground in the composite pit :

  • Glaskopf and Füssenberg pits on eight floors
  • Füssenberg and Friedrich Wilhelm pits on 10 levels, as well as conveyor tunnels and Erbstolln
  • Friedrich Wilhelm and random luck pits on three levels
  • Random luck pits and San Fernando mine over a floor (* 1962, not part of the composite mine)

In total, all underground routes added up to 35 km.

There were 21 soles, until the 1920s, new soles were laid in a 40 m grid, then at intervals of 50 m.

The longest investigation stretch reached on the 360 ​​m level as far as the Neue Hope mine in Niederdreisbach (end point at: Lage ), it served from 1954 to prepare a connection with the Bindweide mine 8 km away , but the project was abandoned. Another investigation section, this time on the 486 m level, ran to the south-west and passed under the northern edge of Weitefeld (end point at: Lage ).

Dismantling process

Dismantling in the roof joint construction
Drilling the holes at the joint

In the early 18th century, the transition from mining close to the surface to ever deeper tunnels took place; mining was carried out using bench construction . To secure the miners and the pit, however, ore piers had to remain standing at regular intervals. Typically, these pillars had a base area of ​​1 to 1.5 piles (approx. 2 to 3 m) in width and depth and every 4 to 5 piles (approx. 8 to 10 m) were left standing to support the mine. However, a quarter, sometimes a third, of the ore that could be mined was lost. Therefore, at the end of the 18th century, the mining method was changed and the roof was built . From around the middle of the 19th century, the main production lines were no longer created in the ore but in the adjacent rock in order to make mining more efficient. In the late 19th century, roofing was finally introduced.

Around 1900, drilling was introduced with the help of compressed air-powered impact drilling machines. From the 1920s, easier-to-use rotary hammers were used.

Between 1900 and 1920, the mined ore was poured into simple iron carts that held about 1 ton of ore. Along the deposits there were straightening stretches in the deaf rock, there the wagons were pushed by hand or with horse power for loading at the shaft (filling location), the ore was then unloaded above ground with rotary luffers and the wagons were partially reloaded with offset to access areas mined underground to be able to fill. It was not until the 1920s that electric locomotives moved underground vehicles.

Even after Erzbergbau Siegerland AG was founded in 1953, refined forms of roof construction remained the dominant mining technique. From the end of the 1950s, extensive rationalization measures were implemented underground. All dismantling facilities were equipped with modern loading and conveying devices, and the layout of the routes was enlarged accordingly. The aim was a fully mechanized extraction. The drilling operation was previously carried out with 12 m long hole drills, the resulting after firing debris in the 1950s with track-bound throw shovels , and later with trackless hopper loaders (Atlas Copco T2G) up to 80 m in the conveyance rollers transported.

Bunker loader in Füssenberg

For further mechanization, the floors were only driven over 6 m from 1959 and drill holes 6.4 m long were made with hammer drills (Krupp type 121). With parallel rows of drill holes and the use of large series of shots with millisecond detonators, debris quantities of up to several thousand tonnes per series of shots could be extracted, which led to an enormous increase in the ore extracted. The debris was filled with scrapers (type: Demag rotary drum scraper SH 340). The production was increased to 20 tons per man and shift.

Both main mining methods were used in parallel, depending on the local nature of the deposit. The throwing shovel loader was preferred in irregular and small-sized gangways because of its maneuverability; the scraper had the advantage of lower manpower costs. In 1962, 46% of the ores were mined in the ridge joint construction with scrapers, 38% in the ridge joint construction with throwing shovel loaders and 10% with non-offset methods (mainly magazine construction ).

The increased productivity due to the strong mechanization was also reflected in reduced mining costs. Fewer miners were needed to extract larger quantities of ore. At the end of 1959, mining costs were still DM 10.32 per tonne of ore (76% of which were wage costs); at the end of 1962, with material costs remaining largely the same, these had fallen to DM 6.06 per tonne (of which 51% were wage costs) Labor costs halved. The wage basis is 29.75 DM per shift for the miner.

The significantly increased quantities of ore required increased capacity for transport on the route to the filling location. For this reason, the small-format trolleys were taken out of service and replaced by large 1000-liter side emptiers. These were automatically emptied at the filling point. The intensified funding also increased the risk for miners of contracting the dreaded dust lung, which is why water spray systems for humidification and extraction devices for rock dust were installed.

In the last few years of operation, the partial breakage mining method was used for particularly powerful gear means, as mining from top to bottom and the possibility of very many simultaneous points of attack made it possible to mine more efficiently and safely.

Until the late 1950s, classic, rigid trolleys were used, with a length of 1.18 m, a container width of 0.656 m, a maximum width of 0.739 m and a height of 0.935 m, with a flap on the front and a track width of 0.575 m and a capacity of around 400 l had. Around 1960 the trolleys on the conveyor lines were replaced by larger versions with a capacity of 1200 l ( Granbywagen ). A shuttle service was set up on the mining routes. Associations of self-propelled, track-bound shuttle cars (Atlas Copco type U3N33C) were used. These reached a driving speed of 1.7 m / sec, each car had its own 3 HP compressed air motor as a drive, was supplied via a compressed air line located between the tracks and held 2000 l (video example: see web links ). Typical journeys for the shuttle wagons were a maximum of 180 m, the conveying capacity was around 25 cubic meters of backfill piles or 40 ore per hour. The entire conveyance from the route to above was fully automatic, as side unloading wagons (Granby wagons) were used, which were automatically emptied when the filling point was reached.

Conveyor technology

Headframe of the Füssenberg mine

Between 1899 and 1933, the power for the conveyance and cable travel was provided by a steam engine. From 1934, a newly erected headframe and an electric DC hoisting machine with an output of 960 kW were used at the Füsseberg shaft. At the same time, the Friedrich Wilhelm shaft was equipped with a new three-phase motor with an output of 700 kW.

Füsseberg conveyor motor from 1934
Client Friedrich Krupp A.-G. eat
Manufacturer Siemens Schuckertwerke A.-G.
planning January 1934
Acceptance of the Krupp mining administration June 1934
Type GM 440/35
power 960 kW
rotational speed 455 / min
Operating voltage 760 V DC
Manufacturer no. 2890620
Operating conditions for Füsseberg funding (1934 to approx. 1956)
Conveyor speed goods transport 16 m / s
Conveyor speed rope travel 10 m / s
Payload freight transport 4000 kg
Payload cable ride (20 people) 1500 kg
Weight of a conveyor bowl with intermediate harness 4000 kg
Weight of empty wagons 380 kg
Number of cars per shell 4th
Peak load (15 seconds after the start of goods transport) 1220 kW
Average load (after the initial peak load) 765 kW
Weight of hoisting rope 10.2 kg per running meter
Conveyor rope diameter 54 mm
Speed ​​traction sheave 50.9 / min.

The ore was transported on the main lines with two-axle, electric contact wire locomotives from Siemens-Schuckertwerke on the 575 mm gauge. The pit locomotive that is now erected as a memorial in front of the Füssenberg Stollenmundloch does not come from Füssenberg, but was originally used in the Meggen mine .

Funding and workforce

The price pressure from foreign ores, particularly the steadily falling prices for sea freight, led to extensive rationalization measures. While in 1953 the extraction rate was 1.13 t of raw ore per shift per miner, this was increased to 4.3 t / man in just 6 years due to the increasing mechanization of mining. At the beginning of 1962 the mining output had already increased to over 10 tons of ore per miner and shift due to the refinement of the measures. In 1963, 20 to 25 tons of ore were mined in good parts of the corridor.

During this period, the composite mine had a largely constant yield of 360,000 tonnes of raw ore per year; the number of employees fell by half as a result of rationalization .

year 1953 1964
Extraction of raw ore 363 300 t 357 817 t
Mining copper ore 53 t 3172 t
Underground workers 704 336
Workers above ground 319 126
Employees 41 48
Total workforce 1064 510

Ore processing

Day systems

The mined raw ore was crushed in the ore processing in a multi-stage process and separated into economically usable parts ( spate iron stone , copper-containing raw ore, pyrite-containing raw ore) and non-usable parts ( mountains ).

Preparation of the raw ore

The raw ore was made available either via the turf hanging bank of the headframe of the Füssenberg pit, through the conveyor tunnel from the Friedrich Wilhelm pit or by cable car from the Wolf pit . By means of two centrifugal tipper were discharged the trolleys, jaw crusher crushed the raw ore to a maximum grain size of 130 mm.

Dry processing

Claw band (symbol image)

Sorting according to grain size was carried out in a multi-stage sieving process. It was classified into 7 size ranges between 0 mm and 130 mm. Typically, a proportion of 58% by weight consisted of pieces of raw ore larger than 45 mm; these were fed to the plowing plant. There, female and young workers sorted out copper ores , ores containing pyrite and mountains manually on two 18 m long conveyor belts (Klaube belts) .

Wet processing

The remaining portion (42% by weight) with pieces of raw ore smaller than 45 mm were fed to wet processing. There, with the addition of water, a piston setting machine was used to automatically separate spate iron and mountains according to their density . Spateisenstein has a density of around 3.2-3.5 g / cm 3 , mountains 2.7-2.9 g / cm 3 . The ore ( raw spar ) obtained from the preparation processes was transported to the roasting plant using tilting lorries . The processing plants had a capacity of 150 t / h.

Roasting

The roasting plant consisted of eight 14 m high roasting ovens that were continuously in operation. These were fed from above with alternating layers of raw spar and coke . The actual roasting process took place at temperatures above 550 ° C. On the one hand, this served to reduce the future transport volume and weight by splitting off carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide ; on the other hand, the chemical processes increased the magnetic permeability of the iron-containing compounds, so that separation by magnetic processes was possible. At the lower end of the furnace, the roasted ore (roast spar ) fell onto a turntable and was transported from there to the roast spar processing with balancing or plate conveyors.

Röstspat processing

Coarse-grained roast spar (grain size> 45 mm) was manually freed of mountains by workers on a 28 m long conveyor belt (Klaubeband). Medium and fine-grained roast spar (<45 mm) was further crushed in the roast spar preparation and fed to a battery of electric drum magnetic separators . These separated iron-containing roast spar from non-magnetic mountains. Roasting and downstream processing had a capacity of 42 t / h. The iron ore obtained in this way was loaded onto freight trains on the mine site and taken to the ironworks in the Ruhr area (to a lesser extent also to ironworks in Siegerland).

See also

literature

  • Alfred Ribbentrop: Description of the mountain district Daaden churches . Königliches Oberbergamt zu Bonn, Bonn 1882, OCLC 253879258 .
  • Adolf Hoffmann: Mining Authority District Betzdorf (= descriptions of Rhineland-Palatinate Mining Authority districts. 1). Glückauf, Essen 1964, OCLC 632339997 .
  • W. Fenchel, HD Gleichmann, R. Reichenbach: Füssenberg composite mine - Friedrich Wilhelm near Biersdorf. In: The siderite veins in the Siegerland-Wied district - collective work on German iron ore deposits (= Geological Yearbook, Series D. Volume 77). Volume I: Iron ores in the basement. Schweizerbart, Hannover / Stuttgart, 1985, OCLC 254026563 , p. 293 ff.
  • Hans Dietrich Gleichmann: The Füssenberg: the great time of the Siegerland iron ore mining. Text on the history of mining and metallurgy in Siegerland, Verlag Höpner and Göttert, Siegen 1994, ISBN 3-924948-28-3 .
  • Ute Bosbach, Achim Heinz, Wolfgang Stössel: Searching for traces in Eisenland - on the way on ore roads and miner's trails. amadeusmedien, 2006, ISBN 3-9808936-8-5 .

swell

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k W. Fenchel, HD Gleichmann, R. Reichenbach: Verbundgrube Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm near Biersdorf . In: The Sideriterzgänge in Siegerland-Wied district - Compilation of German iron ore deposits (=  Geological Yearbook, Series D , Volume 77 ). Volume I: Iron ores in the basement . Schweizerbart, Hannover / Stuttgart 1985, OCLC 254026563 , p. 295 .
  2. ^ Thomas Stöllner: The prehistoric and early historical mining in Central Europe . In: Christoph Bartels, Rainer Slotta (Ed.): The old European mining. From the beginning to the middle of the 18th century. (=  History of German mining ). tape 1 . Aschendorff, Münster 2012, ISBN 978-3-402-12901-2 , pp. 60, 64 .
  3. ^ Alfred Ribbentrop: Description of the mountain district Daaden churches . Königliches Oberbergamt zu Bonn, Bonn 1882, p. 44 .
  4. ^ Alfred Ribbentrop: Description of the mountain district Daaden churches . Königliches Oberbergamt zu Bonn, Bonn 1882, p. 76 .
  5. ^ Ulrich Meyer: Grube Füsseberg first mentioned 300 years ago. In it: “Extract of the Bergbuch ampts Friedewald led by me Engelbert Beinhauer early Bergmeister” - made out for Duke Johann Wilhelm von Sachsen-Eisenach , 1708 . In: Local and citizen newspaper of the community of Daaden . tape 26 . Linus Wittich, Daaden 2008, p. 14-15 .
  6. ↑ Hans D. Gleichmann: The Füssenberg: the great time of the Siegerland mining . Höpner and Göttert, Siegen 1994, ISBN 3-924948-28-3 , pp. 28 .
  7. ^ Ulrich Meyer: Grube Füsseberg first mentioned 300 years ago. In it: Johann Heinrich Lamprecht (Amstactuator zu Friedewald): Report from 1742 on the situation of the mining industry in 1741 . In: Local and citizen newspaper of the community of Daaden . tape 26 . Linus Wittich, Daaden 2008, p. 14-15 .
  8. ^ A b Alfred Ribbentrop: Description of the mountain district Daaden-Kirchen . Königliches Oberbergamt zu Bonn, Bonn 1882, p. 85 .
  9. ^ Ulrich Meyer: Grube Füsseberg first mentioned 300 years ago. In it: "Mine report from 1799" . In: Local and citizen newspaper of the community of Daaden . tape 26 . Linus Wittich, Daaden 2008, p. 14-15 .
  10. ^ Rainer Wirth: 20 guilders for the Hauer - Biersdorf: Quarterly accounts from the "Füssenberger copper mine" have emerged . In: Rhein-Zeitung . January 8, 2008.
  11. ^ Weitefeld and Oberdreisbach. Inside: partial print of the “General Map of the Reichsgrafenschaft Sayn-Altenkirchen” 1800 . Geiger, 1987, ISBN 3-89264-122-6 , pp.  9 .
  12. ^ A b Alfred Ribbentrop: Description of the mountain district Daaden-Kirchen . Königliches Oberbergamt zu Bonn, Bonn 1882, p. 86 .
  13. ^ Alfred Ribbentrop: Description of the mountain district Daaden churches . Königliches Oberbergamt zu Bonn, Bonn 1882, p. 81 .
  14. ↑ Ulrich Meyer: Grube Füsseberg first mentioned 300 years ago (=  local and citizen newspaper of the Daaden association . Volume 26 ). Linus Wittich, 2008, p. 14-15 .
  15. ↑ a b c Thomas Kirnbauer: The Silberkaute mine NWW Michelbach near Usingen / Ts. In: Geological Yearbook Hessen . tape 117 , 1989, ISSN  0341-4027 , pp. 215 f . (Details on the German Mining Company in Note 1).
  16. ^ A b c Commonwealth Legal Information Institute (ed.): The German Mining Company - The Case Of Samuel Ball, William Haigh, Francis Ramsbotham . 1854 ( digitized version [PDF; accessed on February 3, 2016] Case numbers: EngR 664; (1854) 4 De GM & G 19; (1854) 43 ER 415).
  17. ↑ Geological Society of London (Ed.): Transactions of the Geological Society of London . tape 6 , second series. London 1842, p. 249 f . ( Digitized version [accessed on February 3, 2016]).
  18. ^ Wilfried Reininghaus: The district of Siegen in the revolution of 1848/49 . In: Siegener contributions. Yearbook for history . tape 3 , p. 33 ff .
  19. ↑ a b The composite mine Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm - by Markscheider Noot and vocational school teacher Link . In: Artur Schupp, Heinrich Groh, Rudolf Klees (eds.): Our Daadener Land . Siegblätter, 1953, p.  285-294 .
  20. ↑ Horst G. Koch: Shine from the depths - Bindweide iron ore mine in the Siegerland spate iron district . Gudrun Koch, Siegen 1990, p. 11 .
  21. ↑ Hans D. Gleichmann: The Füssenberg: the great time of the Siegerland mining . Höpner and Göttert, Siegen 1994, ISBN 3-924948-28-3 , pp. 31 .
  22. ↑ Hans D. Gleichmann: The Füssenberg: the great time of the Siegerland mining . Höpner and Göttert, Siegen 1994, ISBN 3-924948-28-3 , pp. 32 .
  23. ↑ Hans D. Gleichmann: The Füssenberg: the great time of the Siegerland mining . Höpner and Göttert, Siegen 1994, ISBN 3-924948-28-3 , pp. 33 .
  24. ↑ Horst G. Koch: Shine from the depths - Bindweide iron ore mine in the Siegerland spate iron district . Gudrun Koch, Siegen 1990, p. 18 .
  25. ↑ a b Description of the Friedrich Wilhelm mine. at herdorf.de, accessed on January 19, 2016.
  26. ↑ a b c d e f Adolf Hoffmann: Mining Authority District Betzdorf (=  descriptions of Rhineland-Palatinate Mining Authority districts . Volume 1 ). Glückauf, Essen 1964, p. 80 .
  27. ^ A b Hans D. Gleichmann: The Füssenberg: the great time of the Siegerland mining . Höpner and Göttert, Siegen 1994, ISBN 3-924948-28-3 , pp. 44 .
  28. ^ W. Fenchel, HD Gleichmann, R. Reichenbach: Verbundgrube Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm near Biersdorf . In: The Sideriterzgänge in Siegerland-Wied district - Compilation of German iron ore deposits (=  Geological Yearbook, Series D , Volume 77 ). Volume I: Iron ores in the basement . Schweizerbart, Hannover / Stuttgart 1985, OCLC 254026563 , p. 296 .
  29. ^ The composite mine Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm - by Markscheider Noot and vocational school teacher Link . In: Artur Schupp, Heinrich Groh, Rudolf Klees (eds.): Our Daadener Land . Siegblätter, 1953, p.  286 .
  30. ^ A b Adolf Hoffmann: Mining Authority District Betzdorf (=  descriptions of Rhineland-Palatinate Mining Authority districts . Volume 1 ). Glückauf, Essen 1964, p. 75 .
  31. ^ A b c Alfred Ribbentrop: Description of the mountain district Daaden churches . Royal Mining Authority in Bonn, Bonn 1882.
  32. ^ Alfred Ribbentrop: Description of the mountain district Daaden churches . Königliches Oberbergamt zu Bonn, Bonn 1882, p. 50 .
  33. ↑ Ute Bosbach, Achim Heinz, Wolfgang Stössel: Searching for traces in Eisenland - on the go on ore roads and miners' paths . amadeusmedien, 2006, ISBN 3-9808936-8-5 .
  34. ^ Alfred Ribbentrop: Description of the mountain district Daaden churches . Königliches Oberbergamt zu Bonn, Bonn 1882, p. 42 .
  35. ^ Ministry for trade, industry and public works (ed.): Journal for the mining, smelting and saltworks in the Prussian state . tape 10 . Berlin 1862, p. 112 ( digitized version [accessed January 18, 2016]).
  36. ↑ a b c d e W. Fenchel, HD Gleichmann, R. Reichenbach: Verbundgrube Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm near Biersdorf . In: The Sideriterzgänge in Siegerland-Wied district - Compilation of German iron ore deposits (=  Geological Yearbook, Series D , Volume 77 ). Volume I: Iron ores in the basement . Schweizerbart, Hannover / Stuttgart 1985, OCLC 254026563 , p. 293 .
  37. ^ A b Alfred Ribbentrop: Description of the mountain district Daaden-Kirchen . Königliches Oberbergamt zu Bonn, Bonn 1882, p. 70 .
  38. ^ Ministry for trade, industry and public works (ed.): Journal for the mining, smelting and saltworks in the Prussian state . tape 12 . Berlin 1864, p. 102 ( digitized version [accessed January 18, 2016]).
  39. ^ Alfred Ribbentrop: Description of the mountain district Daaden churches . Königliches Oberbergamt zu Bonn, Bonn 1882, p. 68 .
  40. ^ H. Quiring: H. Quiring . Ed .: Prussian Geological State Institute. Berlin. Prussian Geological State Institute, 1934, p. 63 f .
  41. ^ Reichsamt für Landesaufnahme (Ed.): Betzdorf 3040 (=  topographical map [measuring table sheets] ). 1901 ( digitized version [accessed January 20, 2016]).
  42. ^ Ministry for trade, industry and public works (ed.): Journal for the mining, smelting and saltworks in the Prussian state . tape 14 . Berlin 1866, p. 227 ( digitized version [accessed January 18, 2016]).
  43. ^ Ministry for trade, industry and public works (ed.): Journal for the mining, smelting and saltworks in the Prussian state . tape 12 . Berlin 1864, p. 95 ( digitized version [accessed January 18, 2016]).
  44. ^ A b Ministry for Trade, Industry and Public Works (Ed.): Journal for the mining, smelting and saltworks in the Prussian state . tape 14 . Berlin 1866, p. 222 ( digitized version [accessed January 18, 2016]).
  45. ^ Ministry for trade, industry and public works (ed.): Journal for the mining, smelting and saltworks in the Prussian state . 17 (statistical part). Berlin 1869, p. 122 ( digitized version [accessed January 18, 2016]).
  46. ^ Ministry for trade, industry and public works (ed.): Journal for the mining, smelting and saltworks in the Prussian state . tape 23 . Berlin 1875, p. 119 ( digitized version [accessed January 18, 2016]).
  47. ↑ Journal for the mountain. Metallurgy and saltworks in the Prussian state, edition 1892
  48. ^ Ministry for trade, industry and public works (ed.): Journal for the mining, smelting and saltworks in the Prussian state . tape 46 . Berlin 1898, p. 140 ( digitized version [accessed January 18, 2016]).
  49. ^ Ministry for trade, industry and public works (ed.): Journal for the mining, smelting and saltworks in the Prussian state . tape 46 . Berlin 1898, p. 144 ( digitized version [accessed January 18, 2016]).
  50. ^ A b c Adolf Hoffmann: Mining Authority District Betzdorf (=  descriptions of Rhineland-Palatinate Mining Authority districts . Volume 1 ). Glückauf, Essen 1964, p. 231 .
  51. ↑ Hans D. Gleichmann: The Füssenberg: the great time of the Siegerland mining . Höpner and Göttert, Siegen 1994, ISBN 3-924948-28-3 , pp. 61 .
  52. ↑ Hans D. Gleichmann: The Füssenberg: the great time of the Siegerland mining . Höpner and Göttert, Siegen 1994, ISBN 3-924948-28-3 , pp. 62 .
  53. ↑ HD Gleichmann: The processing of Siegerland ores using the example of the iron ore mines in Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm, Georg and Neue Haardt . In: W. Founder / Specialized Committee for Society for Ore Processing of German Metalworks and Miners e. V. (Hrsg.): Ore processing in West Germany . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 1955, ISBN 3-662-11709-6 , pp. 255 ff . ( Digital copy [PDF]).
  54. ^ Adolf Hoffmann: Mining Authority District Betzdorf (=  descriptions of Rhineland-Palatinate Mining Authority districts . Volume 1 ). Glückauf, Essen 1964, p. 91 .
  55. ↑ Ore Mines - Last Shift . In: Der Spiegel . No.  50 , 1961, pp. 41 .
  56. ↑ Michael Farrenkopf : The rise and fall of mining in the Federal Republic . In: Christoph Bartels and Rainer Slotta (eds.): Raw material extraction in structural change (=  history of German mining ). tape  4 . Aschendorff, Münster 2013, ISBN 978-3-402-12904-3 , pp. 190-192 .
  57. ↑ To the last shift, Glückauf! In: Altenkirchener Kreisblatt . Altenkirchener Kreisblatt / Siegpost, March 26, 1965.
  58. ↑ a b Yearbook of German Mining . tape  47 . Glückauf, Essen 1965, p. 321 .
  59. ↑ Sank to the ground . In: Altenkirchener Kreisblatt . Altenkirchener Kreisblatt / Siegpost, April 23, 1966.
  60. ↑ a b c d W. Fenchel, HD Gleichmann, R. Reichenbach: Verbundgrube Füsseberg - Friedrich Wilhelm near Biersdorf . In: The Sideriterzgänge in Siegerland-Wied district - Compilation of German iron ore deposits (=  Geological Yearbook, Series D , Volume 77 ). Volume I: Iron ores in the basement . Schweizerbart, Hannover / Stuttgart 1985, OCLC 254026563 , p. 298 .
  61. ↑ Adolf Hoffmann: Bergamtsbezirks Betzdorf (=  descriptions of Rhineland-Palatinate mining districts . Volume 1 ). Glückauf, Essen 1964 (attached card).
  62. ^ W. Fenchel, HD Gleichmann, R. Reichenbach: Verbundgrube Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm near Biersdorf . In: The Sideriterzgänge in Siegerland-Wied district - Compilation of German iron ore deposits (=  Geological Yearbook, Series D , Volume 77 ). Volume I: Iron ores in the basement . Schweizerbart, Hannover / Stuttgart 1985, OCLC 254026563 , p. 299 .
  63. ^ A b W. Fenchel, HD Gleichmann, R. Reichenbach: Verbundgrube Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm near Biersdorf . In: The Sideriterzgänge in Siegerland-Wied district - Compilation of German iron ore deposits (=  Geological Yearbook, Series D , Volume 77 ). Volume I: Iron ores in the basement . Schweizerbart, Hannover / Stuttgart 1985, OCLC 254026563 , p. 300 .
  64. ^ H. Hentschel: On the petrography of the discordant diabase passage in the Füssenberg mine near Biersdorf . In: The Sideriterzgänge in Siegerland-Wied district - Compilation of German iron ore deposits (=  Geological Yearbook, Series D , Volume 7 ). Volume I: Iron ores in the basement . Schweizerbart, Hannover / Stuttgart 1985, OCLC 254026563 , p. 41 .
  65. ^ W. Fenchel, HD Gleichmann, R. Reichenbach: Verbundgrube Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm near Biersdorf . In: The Sideriterzgänge in Siegerland-Wied district - Compilation of German iron ore deposits (=  Geological Yearbook, Series D , Volume 77 ). Volume I: Iron ores in the basement . Schweizerbart, Hannover / Stuttgart 1985, OCLC 254026563 , p. 301 .
  66. ^ HD Gleichmann, W. Hellmund and R. Reichenbach: Bergbaugeschichte . In: The Sideriterzgänge in Siegerland-Wied district - Compilation of German iron ore deposits (=  Geological Yearbook, Series D , Volume 7 ). Volume I: Iron ores in the basement . Schweizerbart, Hannover / Stuttgart 1985, OCLC 254026563 , p. 400 .
  67. ^ Alfred Ribbentrop: Description of the mountain district Daaden churches . Königliches Oberbergamt zu Bonn, Bonn 1882, p. 66 .
  68. ^ W. Fenchel, HD Gleichmann, R. Reichenbach: Verbundgrube Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm near Biersdorf . In: The Sideriterzgänge in Siegerland-Wied district - Compilation of German iron ore deposits (=  Geological Yearbook, Series D , Volume 77 ). Volume I: Iron ores in the basement . Schweizerbart, Hannover / Stuttgart 1985, OCLC 254026563 , p. 409 .
  69. ↑ a b c d e Füssenberg mine plan - Friedrich Wilhelm in military perspective . 1947 (archived by: Arbeitskreis Heimatgeschichte Daadener Land).
  70. ↑ Hans D. Gleichmann: The Füssenberg: the great time of the Siegerland mining . Höpner and Göttert, Siegen 1994, ISBN 3-924948-28-3 , pp. 65 .
  71. ↑ Joachim Weger: The dying of the pits in Siegerland also buried the plans for the large-scale operation Füssenberg - Bindweide . In: Heimatverein des Kreis Altenkirchen e. V. (Hrsg.): Heimatjahrbuch 1996 of the Altenkirchen district . S. 218 f .
  72. ↑ Hans D. Gleichmann: The Füssenberg: the great time of the Siegerland mining . Höpner and Göttert, Siegen 1994, ISBN 3-924948-28-3 , pp. 67 .
  73. ↑ Hans D. Gleichmann: The Füssenberg: the great time of the Siegerland mining . Höpner and Göttert, Siegen 1994, ISBN 3-924948-28-3 , pp. 68 f .
  74. ^ A b Hans D. Gleichmann: The Füssenberg: the great time of the Siegerland mining . Höpner and Göttert, Siegen 1994, ISBN 3-924948-28-3 , pp. 81 .
  75. ^ G. Schmoll: Long hole drilling and shooting in Siegerland ore mining . In: Erzmetall . tape 14 , 1961, pp. 433-440 .
  76. ↑ a b Hans-Dietrich Gleichmann: Increased performance in mining through mechanization of the ridge construction in Siegerland ore mining . In: Erzmetall . tape 16 , no. 7 , 1963, pp. 341 f .
  77. ↑ a b c Hans-Dietrich Gleichmann: Increased performance in mining through mechanization of the ridge construction in Siegerland ore mining . In: Erzmetall . tape 16 , no. 7 , 1963, pp. 344 .
  78. ↑ Hans D. Gleichmann: The Füssenberg: the great time of the Siegerland mining . Höpner and Göttert, Siegen 1994, ISBN 3-924948-28-3 , pp. 82 f .
  79. ↑ Hans D. Gleichmann: The Füssenberg: the great time of the Siegerland mining . Höpner and Göttert, Siegen 1994, ISBN 3-924948-28-3 , pp. 84 .
  80. ↑ Hans D. Gleichmann: The Füssenberg: the great time of the Siegerland mining . Höpner and Göttert, Siegen 1994, ISBN 3-924948-28-3 , pp. 85 .
  81. ^ A b Siemens-Schuckertwerke Aktiengesellschaft (Ed.): Circuit diagram for the Füssenberg mine conveyor system . 1934.
  82. ↑ Armin Schwarz: Monument mine locomotive, mine battery locomotive at the former Füssenberg mine . ( hellertal.startbilder.de [accessed on January 28, 2016]).
  83. ^ Yearbook of German Mining . tape  47 . Glückauf, Essen 1954, p. 448 .
  84. ↑ HD Gleichmann: The processing of Siegerland ores using the example of the iron ore mines in Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm, Georg and Neue Haardt . In: W. Founder / Specialized Committee for Society for Ore Processing of German Metalworks and Miners e. V. (Hrsg.): Ore processing in West Germany . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 1955, ISBN 3-662-11709-6 , pp. 266 ff . ( Digital copy [PDF]).

Remarks

  1. ↑ Quotation from the original report by Lamprecht 1742: "Bierstorff has 51 smokers, a large area of ​​fields and meadows, gives 11 guilders, 2 Albus Schatz, lives on mines and smelters as well as agriculture, has an ironworks as well as a stately mill, is mostly Lutheran, called the Schnesebach and Deimmelhardt in the forest, in the district lies the uppermost and lowest Füchsenberg, so Kupferen gives, of which the lowest Füchsenberg is in large yield, the uppermost in Zubuße, on the Steinberge there are Ohligskauth, Bassel, Oberster and Unterer Meyersberg as well as the Ley, if all are in yield, has a chapel. ”, quoted from: ArGeWe , Arbeitsgemeinschaft Familienforschung Westerwald.
  2. ↑ The quarterly reports for 1799 and 1801 on the “Füssenberger Kupferbergwerk” reported the following: For 1799: In the quarter, the 3 contractors Johs, Engel and Sturm received 20 florins for 80 shifts, the contractors Wilhelm Thielmann, Peter Thielmann, Gerlach Scheste and Johs Schumacher were only paid pays one shift each, one Ernst Richter for two shifts per quarter. 15 to 18 cruisers were paid per shift. The mine earned in quarter 2052 guilders and 48 cruisers and spent 2093 guilders, so there were losses. For 1801: the situation has not improved significantly, in October and December 21.25 quintals of copper were sold (for 1445 thalers). Steiger Wollennweber received 52 guilders for 156 shifts, which Hauer received: Gerlach Meier 34 guilders and 30 Kreuzer for 138 shifts, Gerlach Schneider 37 guilders for 148 shifts, Johs Engel Schüler 36 guilders for 144 shifts, Johs Engel Meier 35.5 guilders for 142 Layers, Peter Zoeller 6.5 guilders for 41 layers and Anton Hauptrich 7.1 guilders for 43 layers. The mine ownership was stated in 1801 as follows: "three pomps, two buckets, two scrapers, three chisels, 52 drills, eleven boxes, eleven lights, nine filling kegs, three cutters and a cutting bench"
  3. ↑ See also: Johann Philipp Becher: Mineralogical description of the Oranien-Nassauischen Lande: together with a history of the Siegische Hütten- und Hammerwesen , Marburg, in the new academic bookshop, 1789, pp. 378–389. Digitized .
  4. ↑ The government of the margravial house of Brandenburg-Anspach enacted new metallurgical regulations on April 21, 1742, which somewhat softened the strict ban on the export of Eisenstein and permitted the export of small quantities of ore if these were neither needed in the county nor required by the metallurgy were.
  5. ↑ The naming of the mountain areas in which the composite mine was located changed over time: In the 18th century it was the Freusburg office , then until 1860 it was the Heller mining area , from 1861 the Daaden mining area , followed by the Daaden-Kirchen mining area . In the 20th century it finally became the mining authority district of Betzdorf , which combined the Daaden-Kirchen and Wied districts.
  6. ↑ Temporary shutdowns of Füssenberg: November 13, 1923 to March 2, 1924, November 1, 1925 to February 4, 1927 and August 18, 1928 to March 1, 1929.
  7. ↑ The cable car ran from the Füssenberg unloading station over the Kahlenberg, there was an angle station, on to the headframe of the San Fernando mine and the Wolf pit . For details, see herdorf.de (accessed February 13, 2014).
  8. ↑ On March 31, 1965, the Georg mine was closed at the same time . All of the active pits in Siegerland were closed.
  9. ↑ The SH 340 rotary drum scraper systems from Demag were used as scrapers. The scraper reel had a 22 kW motor, which applied 1600 kg of pulling force at a rope speed of 1.2 m / sec. The cup was developed in-house by Erzbergbau Siegerland and had a capacity of 400 l and a weight of 300 kg. The scrapers were used both for filling away and in the offset. With the system, scraping paths of up to 30 m could be implemented, with 10-15 cubic meters of mountains or up to 20 t of ore being moved per hour. The smaller Demag SH 260 model was also used in small mines with little ore thickness (1125 kg pulling force at 0.8 m / sec). In special cases, the small scraper S211 from Joy was used (5 hp, 500 kg pulling force at 0.8 m / sec). Information from Gleichmann, Erzmetall, 16 (1963), p. 343.
  10. ↑ Classification in 0–1.75 mm, 1.75–4.5 mm, 4.5–10 mm, 10–20 mm, 20–45 mm, 45–60 mm, 60–130 mm.

Use of coordinates offline

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Web links

Commons : Grube Füsseberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Selected videos:

  • Shuttle car in use underground . Historical film by Atlas Copco, which presents the shuttle car used at Füssenberg with its work processes. In the film, the shuttle car is preceded by a throwing shovel loader, the use of which for Füssenberg is not documented. The recordings were made in the Swedish ore mine Garpenberg in the 1960s. This type of wagon in use in Füssenberg is shown in: HD Gleichmann Increased performance in mining through mechanization of the ridge construction in Siegerland ore mining , Erzmetall, Volume 16, Number 7, 1963, p. 344, Fig. 9. Video accessed on October 28, 2016.

Selected photographs: