Hărman

Hărman ( German honey mountain , såksesch Huntschprich , Hungarian Szaszhermany ) is a municipality in the district of Brasov in Transylvania , Romania .

Geographical location

Location of the municipality of Hărman in the Brașov district

The municipality of Hărman is located in the historical Burzenland region in the east of the Brașov district . The community center is located on the national road DN 11 , about 12 kilometers northeast of the district capital Brașov (Kronstadt) . Furthermore, Hărman is on the railway lines Brașov – Târgu Secuiesc and Brașov – Întorsura Buzăului .

history

Honigberg in the Josephinische Landesaufnahme von Siebenbürgen (1769–1773)

Official entrance sign with the Romanian and German place names

The old coat of arms of Honigberg

The Hungarian King Andreas II awarded Burzenland to the Teutonic Knight Order in 1211 , who settled here, built castles, brought German settlers into the country and founded villages, including Honigberg. After disputes with the king, the order was expelled from Burzenland in 1225, but the German settlements remained.

The first documentary mention was made in 1240 under Mons Mellis ( mountain of honey ). At that time, King Bela IV gave the Cistercian order patronage over the churches of Marienburg , Petersberg , Honigberg and Tartlau .

In 2009 there were still 111 members of the evangelical community (Transylvanian Saxony).

Demographics

The population development of the municipality of Hărman:

census		Ethnicity
year	Residents	Romanians	Hungary	German	Other
1850	2,031	644	12	1,252	123
1930	2,968	1,490	147	1,328	3
1977	5,778	4,414	168	1,129	67
2002	4,425	3,955	113	105	252
2011	5,402	4,719	123	66	494 (Roma 247)

Since 1850, the highest number of inhabitants in the area of today's municipality was determined in 1977. The highest population of Romanians was registered in 2011, Romanian Germans (1,359) in 1941, Magyars (169) in 1966 and Roma (249) in 2002. In some of the recordings, one resident each confessed to being a Ukrainian , a Serb or a Slovak .

Attractions

The fortified church , built from around 1280, is impressive and houses an organ by Johannes Prause . It was started according to the Romanesque architecture and completed with many Gothic elements. An interesting peculiarity of the church are the pantries, which nestle like swallow nests under the eaves on the central nave. The eight-storey bell tower - the highest in Burzenland at 52 m - is located in the western part of the central nave and is flanked by the two side aisles.

The fortified church is one of the largest fortified churches in Transylvania with an area of 14,526 m² and a circumference of 430 m (without the third wall belt, which is no longer recognizable today). The triple wall belt around the church is roughly circular. The inner ring is 12 m high and 4 m thick at the base. The circular wall is provided with seven four-storey towers, which are connected to 4-5 m high walls at their outer corners and thus form a kennel. The largest of the seven curtain wall towers is the butcher's tower. The eastern tower is the only one with a pent roof and houses a chapel from the 15th century with wall paintings. This representation of the Last Judgment is one of the most valuable painting ensembles from Transylvanian places of worship.

The fortified church could not be taken in 1552 by the Moldovan prince Ștefan Rareş , in 1600 by Mihai Viteazul (Michael the Brave) and in 1612 by Gabriel Bethlen . Not far to the east is Prejmer ( Tartlau ) with a similarly important fortified church.

Fortified church in Honigberg
Inner courtyard of the fortified church
Wall painting in the chapel tower
Battlement of the fortified church
Railway station in Hărman

Web links

Commons : Hărman - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
↑ Dieter Drotleff: Pastors, curators, numbers of souls. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Zeitung. Enclosure: Karpatenrundschau , March 4, 2010, p. 3.
↑ E. Varga: Statistics of the population by ethnicity in the Brașov district according to censuses from 1850–2002 (Hungarian; PDF; 512 kB)
↑ ^a ^b Heinz Heltmann, Gustav Servatius (Ed.): Travel Guide Siebenbürgen. Kraft, Würzburg 1993, ISBN 3-8083-2019-2 .

[1] 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)

[2] Dieter Drotleff: Pastors, curators, numbers of souls. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Zeitung. Enclosure: Karpatenrundschau , March 4, 2010, p. 3.

[3] E. Varga: Statistics of the population by ethnicity in the Brașov district according to censuses from 1850–2002 (Hungarian; PDF; 512 kB)

[HHGS-4] Heinz Heltmann, Gustav Servatius (Ed.): Travel Guide Siebenbürgen. Kraft, Würzburg 1993, ISBN 3-8083-2019-2 .