Yaroslavsky Motorny Zavod

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Coordinates: 57 ° 38 '50.9 "  N , 39 ° 50' 13.3"  E

Yaroslavlsky Motorny Sawod (JaMZ)
Ярославский моторный завод (ЯМЗ)

logo
legal form OAO
founding 1916
Seat Yaroslavl , Russia
Branch Engine construction , defense industry
Website www.ymzmotor.ru

Main entrance to the Yaroslavl plant (2014)
A yes-3 truck (1926)
A 1936 JaG-6 from the factory on a Soviet postage stamp
A JaMZ-240 twelve-cylinder diesel engine, the bigger brother of the well-known JaMZ-238
Model of a JaAZ-200 (2018)

The Jaroslawski Motorny Sawod (JaMZ) ( Russian Ярославский моторный завод (ЯМЗ) , translated into German Jaroslawler Motorenwerk ) is a Russian engine manufacturer based in Yaroslavl . In its history, the plant initially produced passenger cars and later, as Jaroslawski Avtomobilny Sawod (JaAZ) , trucks. After vehicle production was transferred to KrAZ at the end of the 1950s, production was limited to engines. Today the plant belongs to the GAZ group .

history

Vladimir Alexandrowitsch Lebedew founded the company in 1916 as a stock corporation. It produced automobiles from the British manufacturer Crossley Motors under license . The brand name was Lebed and the majority of its customers were the Russian army . Car production ended in 1917.

After the October Revolution , the plant in Pervy Gosudarstwenny Avtoremonty Zavod (Russian Первый государственный авторемонтный завод, abbreviated 1-й ГАРЗ, the name was changed to the state automobile, until it was replaced: 1st GARZ, dt .: 1st GARZ).

In 1926 it was renamed to Jaroslawski Gosudarstwenny Awtomobilny Sawod (abbreviation ЯГАЗ or JaGAZ, Russian Ярославский государственный автомобильный завод, German: Jaroslawler State Automobile Factory). As part of this, the company specialized in the production of trucks with a payload of between three and seven tons. One of the first production vehicles was the Ja-3 . The company remained active in this area until 1942 and built, among other things, the heavy prototype JaG-12 . In the meantime, in 1933, the name was changed to Yaroslavsky Avtomobilny Zavod . Trolleybuses were also manufactured in the 1930s . As with the LK-1, parts were initially supplied to other factories, and from 1936 onwards, models such as the JaTB-1 were used in their own production.

From 1943, due to the war, the production of artillery equipment was switched to, which was not ended until 1947. During the Second World War, the plant resumed planning for new trucks and produced them from 1945 onwards, but production was transferred to other automobile factories until 1959.

Production of two-stroke diesel engines began in 1947 . The models JaAZ-204 ( four-cylinder engine ) and JaAZ-206 ( six-cylinder engine ), which were metric copies of Detroit Diesel engines and were used in various Soviet trucks well into the 1960s, were important. Series 71 engines from Detroit Diesel had come to the Soviet Union in large numbers as part of the Lend Lease Act in World War II. In 1961, the production of four-stroke engines began in parallel . Since then the JaMZ-236 (V6), JaMZ-238 (V8) and JaMZ-240 (V12) engines have been produced.

In 1971 the company was merged with at least four other companies and from that point on appeared under the name "Awtodiesel". This association became the market leader for diesel engines within the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Soviet Union , the plant continued to work independently from 1993 under the name “ОАО Awtodiesel” (JaAZ). This name was retained until it was taken over by the GAZ Group in 2001. Since then, the products have been marketed under the brand name Jaroslawski Motorny Sawod (JaMZ) and the nickname Awtodiesel .

Historic vehicle production

Passenger cars

The vehicles were powered by a four-cylinder engine with a displacement of 4490 cm³ and an output of 30  hp . The wheelbase was 342.9 cm. The maximum speed was given as 70 km / h. The vehicles offered space for six people in their open touring car bodies.

commercial vehicles

The first commercial vehicles were based on a design by Fiat . It was possibly the 5-ton model, the engine of which had a displacement of 7400 cc. In addition, Model  A was created as a licensed version of the Crossley RFC. In the 1920s, the plant manufactured trucks like the Ja-3 and, with the Ja-6, also a bus. In the 1930s, increasingly heavier trucks such as the JaG-6 followed . During this time the plant operated as Jaroslawski Gosudarstwnenny Awtomobilny Sawod (German State Jaroslawler Automobilwerk).

After the Second World War, a new generation of trucks was designed around the JaAZ-210 . This included, among other things, a model with all-wheel drive, the JaAZ-214 . Various prototypes were also made, including the JaAZ-218. It was a three-way tipper that could also be operated with tipping trailers and had a payload of ten tons. The vehicle presented in 1954 or 1957, depending on the source, never went into series production.

There was also the JaAZ-219 , which was originally built on the chassis of the JaAZ-210, but used the engine and cab of the JaAZ-214. Developed by JaAZ, it was first manufactured in Yaroslavl for two years from 1957 and then manufactured at KrAZ under the name KrAZ-219 . A tractor for heavy semi-trailers was developed under the name JaAZ-221, and the dump truck version was designated as the JaAZ-222. These trucks also went into series production at JaAZ in 1957 and were manufactured by KrAZ as KrAZ-221 and KrAZ-222 from 1959 . However, they continued to receive engines from JaAZ and JaMZ.

In addition to the series of heavy trucks around the JaAZ-210, the plant developed the lighter JaAZ-200 as early as the end of World War II , but its production was transferred to the Minski Avtomobilny Sawod in 1951 . Here the trucks as MAZ-200 and MAZ-205 (the version as a tipper, previously called JaAZ-205) continued until 1965. Here, too, engines from JaMZ were used, as was the case with subsequent generations of trucks up to the present day.

In 1959, vehicle production in Yaroslavl ended for good. The following list of models endeavors to be complete, but there may be occasional gaps. The first year of construction is always given in brackets, if known.

Pre-war models

Omnibus Ja-6 on a Soviet postage stamp
Model of a three-axle JaG-10
Artillery tractor Ja-12 as a memorial (2014)
Restored trolleybus JaTB-1 (2010)

Designation yes-:

  • Yes-3 : truck , two-axle vehicle (1925)
  • Yes-4 : truck, two-axle vehicle (1928)
  • Yes-5: truck, two-axle vehicle (1929)
  • Yes-6 : Omnibus , two-axle vehicle (1929)
  • Yes-7: truck, two-axle vehicle (prototype; 1931)
  • Yes-8: truck, two-axle vehicle (prototype; 1931)
  • Yes-9: truck, three-axle vehicle (prototype; 1933)
  • Ja-11 : Artillery tractor , version of the Ja-12 (around 1942)
  • Ja-12 : Artillery tractor (1943)
  • Ja-13 : Artillery tractor, version of the Ja-12 (1944)
  • Ja-14: truck, two-axle (prototype of the JaAZ-200 , 1941)

Designation JaG-:

  • JaG-3 : truck, two-axle vehicle (1932)
  • JaG-4: truck, two-axle vehicle (1934)
  • JaG-5: truck, two-axle, export version of the JaG-4 (1934)
  • JaG-6 : truck, two-axle vehicle (1936)
  • JaG-7 : truck, two-axle (prototype, 1939)
    • JaG-7A : Omnibus, two-axle vehicle, based on JaG-7 (prototype, 1939)
    • JaG-8 : truck, two-axle, diesel version of the JaG-7 (prototype, 1939)
    • JaG-9 : truck, two-axle, diesel version of the JaG-7 (prototype, 194?)
  • JaG-10 : truck, three-axle vehicle (1931/32)
  • JaG-12 : truck, four-axle (prototype, 1932)

Other names:

  • JaS-1: Tipper on JaG-4, two-axle vehicle (1934)
  • JaS-3 : Tipper on JaG-6, two-axle vehicle (1936)
  • JaS-4 : Tipper on JaG-7, two-axle vehicle (prototype, 1939)
  • JaTB-1: Trolleybus (1936)
  • JaTB-2: Trolleybus (1937)
  • JaTB-3: double-decker trolleybus (1938)
  • JaTB-4: Trolleybus (1938)
  • JaTB-5: Trolleybus (1940)
  • JaSP: Half-track vehicle based on the Ja-5 (1934)
  • JaA-2 : Omnibus based on JaG-10 (prototype, 1934)

Post war models

After the war, Yaroslavl only built trucks in series.

Two-axle:

  • JaAZ-200 : later MAZ-200 , flatbed truck (1947)
  • JaAZ-200W: later MAZ-200W, tractor (1950)
  • JaAZ-205: later MAZ-205 , tipper (1947)

Three-axle:

  • JaAZ-210 : various designs (1951)
  • JaAZ-214 : later KrAZ-214 , with all-wheel drive (1951)
  • JaAZ-218: three-way tipper (prototype, 1957)
  • JaAZ-219 : later KrAZ-219 , flatbed truck (1957)
  • JaAZ-221: later KrAZ-221 , tractor unit (1957)
  • JaAZ-222: later KrAZ-222 , tipper (1957)
  • JaAZ-226: only project, never made, only drawings (195?)

Current product range

A JaMZ-534 four-cylinder diesel engine from the current production of the plant (2011)

Today JaMZ only manufactures diesel engines as well as transmissions and clutches, primarily for the truck sector. The following list refers to the status of April 2019.

  • JaMZ-530 diesel engines : four- and six-cylinder diesel engines with displacements of 4.43 and 6.65 liters (bore × stroke = 105 × 128 mm) and outputs from 120 to 330 hp with emission standards EURO-4 and EURO-5 . Around 400 different models and modifications are offered.
  • JaMZ-650 diesel engines : Heavy six-cylinder in-line engines with 11.12 l displacement (bore × stroke = 123 × 156 mm) with outputs from 286 to 412 hp and emission standards EURO-3, EURO-4 and EURO-5. Ten different versions are built.
  • JaMZ-2XX diesel engines : JaMZ-236 (V6 with 11.15 l displacement), JaMZ-238 (V8 with 14.86 l displacement) and JaMZ-240 (V12 with 22.3 l displacement), all bore × stroke = 130 × 140 mm. Engine family built since 1961, today with emission standards up to EURO-5, outputs from 150 to 500 hp.
  • V12 diesel engines : 25.86 l displacement (bore × stroke = 140 × 140 mm) with 440 to 800 hp, five different models are produced.
  • Transmissions with five, eight or nine forward gears, two product families with around 60 different variations.
  • Diesel generators with outputs from 60 to 315 kW
  • Couplings : Two different types in a total of 20 designs.
  • Around 1900 different spare parts for products from the company's history.
  • Mercedes-Benz OM 646 engines for theMercedes-Benz Sprinter "Classic" ( Mercedes-Benz T1N for the Russian market),which has beenbuiltby GAZ since 2013.

literature

  • LM Shugurov: АВТОМОБИЛИ. России и СССР. First part. Ilbi / Prostreks, Moscow, 1993, ISBN 5-87483-004-9 . (Russian)
  • Maurice A. Kelly: Russian Motor Vehicles. The Czarist Period 1784 to 1917. Veloce Publishing, Dorchester 2009, ISBN 978-1-84584-213-0 . (English)
  • Kai L. Bremer, JL Melzian: From AMO to ZIS. Soviet passenger cars and their history. In: Automobil- und Motorrad-Chronik , issue 2/1981, pp. 9-14.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d Maurice A. Kelly: Russian Motor Vehicles. The Czarist Period 1784 to 1917. Veloce Publishing, Dorchester 2009, ISBN 978-1-84584-213-0 . (English)
  2. ↑ Page on the JaAZ-218 with historical photography (Russian)
  3. ↑ Website for JaAZ-219 (Russian)
  4. ↑ Website for JaAZ-221 (Russian)
  5. ↑ Website for JaAZ-222 (Russian)
  6. ↑ History of the JaAZ-200 and the JaAZ-205 tipper (Russian)
  7. ↑ LM Shugurov: АВТОМОБИЛИ. России и СССР. First part, various pages.
  8. ↑ Collection of websites on almost all JaAZ vehicles (Russian)
  9. ↑ Manufacturer's website with information on the goods produced (Russian)
  10. ↑ Note on the start of production of the Sprinter "Classic" at GAZ ( Memento from April 21, 2017 in the Internet Archive )

Web links

Commons : Jaroslawski Motorny Sawod  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files