Jedlinka (Bardejov)

Jedlinka ( Ukrainian Ялинка ) is a small community in Okres (district) Bardejov in northeastern Slovakia , which is known for its wooden church of the Greek Catholic rite from the 18th century.

location

Jedlinka from the south. The recognizable onion domes belong to the modern church.

Jedlinka is located in the Šariš region , 21 kilometers northeast of Bardejov , halfway to Svidník, about 500 meters north of road 77 .

The wooded hills that rise north of the place belong to the foothills of the Low Beskids . The place is 406 meters above sea level, the highest, closest hill, Smilniansky vrch, reaches 749 meters.

The driveway that branches off from the country road through the plain ends in the village. The two neighboring towns on the road, each two kilometers away, are Smilno in the southwest and Nižná Polianka in the northeast. The border with Poland runs about four kilometers to the north .

Townscape

Jedlinka has no infrastructure other than a bus stop at the junction from the main road. For 1997 119 inhabitants were given, in 2017 the number of inhabitants was 89. The village is mentioned in the sources for the first time in 1567. One to two-story single-family houses with a gable roof or half -hip roof , which were built or converted in the second half of the 20th century, are lined up along the only street . In the town center, a brick-built Orthodox church was completed in 1993, the roof of which is covered with zinc sheet and is surmounted by three onion domes. It serves as a place of worship for the majority of the Orthodox residents. When it was built, only two Catholic families lived in the village, and they used the wooden church for their Sunday service.

Wooden church

Wooden church from the southeast.

The historic, Greek-Catholic wooden church at the upper end of the village stands within the fenced-in cemetery. It is consecrated to Our Lady Mary the Guardian and is called in Slovak Gréckokatolícky drevený chrám Ochrany Presvätej Bohorodičky . The church building was erected in 1763, the iconostasis dates from the end of the 18th century.

The surviving Greek Catholic wooden churches in northeast Slovakia are concentrated in the districts of Svídnik , Bardejov, Snina , Sobrance and Stropkov . The vast majority (27) of them are from the 18th century, two from the 19th century, one from the end of the 15th or beginning of the 16th century and one from the 17th century.

The church of Jedlinka follows the usual plan of the longitudinal tripartite division into a square anteroom under a towering tower in the west, a slightly larger main room with a hipped roof and - separated by the iconostasis - a smaller presbytery in the east, over whose roof there is another, lower one Tower rises. The tripartite division is supposed to symbolize the Trinity . At the same time, the western anteroom ( babinec ) embodies the earth. This is where the women stay during the service. The central church space intended for the men embodies the sky above which the priest's room stands as the “highest principle”. With its design with three separate roofs crowned by an onion, the Jedlinka Church corresponds to the elaborate Lemkian architectural style. It is typical that the three roof peaks form a straight line sloping down towards the chancel. The roofs are covered with wooden shingles, the log walls are clad on the outside with vertical planking. The block wall does not end at the level of the eaves, but leads inwards on all sides in an arched arch. Only the middle area of the ceiling consists of horizontally laid boards, resulting in the construction of a mirror vault . Other wooden churches with such a mirror vault are the Lukas Church from 1739 in Tročany , also in Okres Bardejov, and the Church of St. Prokop and Barbara in the east of the Czech Republic, built around 1800 . In Lukov's wooden church, built in 1708, only the main room has a double-tiered mirror vault. The entrance is on the west side. The north side is completely windowless, with one window each on the east side and on the three components on the south side for some light. The triangular openings in each side of the entrance tower serve as sound holes for the three bells .

View from the north. The spiers form a sloping straight line from the entrance area to the sanctuary.

In addition to the architecture, the wrought-iron ornamental forms on the doors, the iron crosses and other details also have a variety of symbolic meanings. The particularly valuable iconostasis is divided into four picture levels. The “king's door” in the middle, through which only the priest is allowed to go, consists of gold-colored tendrils that surround medallions with images of the four evangelists . Between the king's door and the two side doors that laypeople are allowed to use, Mary is depicted as the Mother of God on the left and Jesus Christ as the teacher with the Bible in his left hand on the right. On the left side of the iconostasis is Saint Nicholas and on the far right is Mary as the patron saint to whom the church is consecrated. The second row contains the Last Supper above the middle door and pictures of the liturgical holidays on either side. The usual pictorial program in the third row consists of the twelve apostles and, in a larger format, Christ as high priest in the middle. In the fourth row there are individual pictures of the prophets. The upper end is formed by a tendril in the middle with the crucifixion scene flanked by Mary and the Evangelist John .

The furnishings also include a rococo altar and liturgical books from the 17th century. The church was last renovated in 2000 and 2001. It is normally closed, but can be viewed on request. According to statistics from 2012, 500 to 600 domestic and foreign visitors come to the listed property every year .

literature

Ernst Hochberger: The big book of Slovakia . Hochberger, Sinn 1997, p. 66, figure Ikonostase p. 53
Ernst Hochberger: Architecture, fine arts and music in Slovakia. 2.3. Greek Catholic wooden churches . In: Jörg Meier (Ed.): Contributions to the cultural history of the Germans in Slovakia . Weidler Buchverlag, Berlin 2006, pp. 162–168

Web links

Commons : Jedlinka - collection of images, videos and audio files

Obec Jedlinka. e-obce.sk (Slovak)
Jedlinka. drevenechramy.sk

Individual evidence

↑ Ernst Hochberger, 1997, p. 66
^ Janice Broun: East Slovakia - Orthodox vs. Greek Catholics. In: Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe , Vol. 14, No. 3, 1994, pp. 24f
↑ Vera Mayer: Holzkirchen. Newly discovered building culture in Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia and Slovakia. Herold, Vienna / Munich 1986, p. 45
↑ Ernst Hochberger, 2006, pp. 164–166
↑ Jedlinka. bardejov.travel/en (images)
↑ Stephen J. Kelley, Vincent Obsitnik: Wooden Wonders of the Carpathians. In: World Monuments Fund, Winter 2014/2015, p. 14
↑ Eva Hvizdová: Religious marketing and its impact on the development of business activities in tourism. In: Humanum, No. 11 (2) , 2013, p. 110

[1] Ernst Hochberger, 1997, p. 66

[2] Janice Broun: East Slovakia - Orthodox vs. Greek Catholics. In: Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe , Vol. 14, No. 3, 1994, pp. 24f

[3] Vera Mayer: Holzkirchen. Newly discovered building culture in Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia and Slovakia. Herold, Vienna / Munich 1986, p. 45

[4] Ernst Hochberger, 2006, pp. 164–166

[5] Jedlinka. bardejov.travel/en (images)

[6] Stephen J. Kelley, Vincent Obsitnik: Wooden Wonders of the Carpathians. In: World Monuments Fund, Winter 2014/2015, p. 14

[7] Eva Hvizdová: Religious marketing and its impact on the development of business activities in tourism. In: Humanum, No. 11 (2) , 2013, p. 110