Jost Winteler

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jost Winteler around 1880
Signature of Jost Winteler
(letter of January 2, 1876).

Jost Winteler (born November 21, 1846 in Filzbach , today in Glarus Nord ; † February 23, 1929 on the Hochsteig near Wattwil ) was a Swiss linguist , cantonal school teacher , ornithologist and poet.

He became well known on the one hand with his groundbreaking dialectological dissertation in which he was the first to record a local dialect phonetically exactly, and on the other hand as Albert Einstein's housefather in Aarau . In addition, as an unconventional teacher of history and religious history , he shaped more than a generation of students at the Aarau Cantonal School . His ornithological studies, however, were controversial, and as a poet he failed.

About half a century after his death, the eminent linguist Roman Jakobson advocated the thesis that Winteler had anticipated the linguistics of the 1920s and 1930s in his dissertation from 1875 and also gave Einstein the idea of ​​the theory of relativity . However, the Bonn Germanist Manfred Kohrt (* 1947) refuted this assessment in a detailed study of the history of science in 1984.

Life

Education and professional activity

Jost Winteler - according to his own statement, his name was pronounced in the Glarus dialect Jos Wintler - grew up as the son of a teacher and farmer, initially in Filzbach on Kerenzerberg in Glarus . Due to the free-thinking attitude of the father, which was no longer suffered in the conservative Filzbach, the family later moved to Krummenau in Toggenburg in St. Gallen , where the father had bought a house on Fosen, high above the village. Winteler attended secondary school in Nesslau , up the valley , the Progymnasium in Schiers in Graubünden and the grammar school in Frauenfeld in Thurgau .

At the request of his father, who would have liked to become a pastor himself, and some of the family's patrons, he began studying theology in Zurich and Basel , which he broke off after a few semesters. Winteler was unable to deal with the orthodoxy prevailing at the Basel theological faculty, which “demanded faith”, nor with the liberal tendency that dominated the University of Zurich, which “often in over-zeal and for lack of sensitivity, feelings that I hold sacred from childhood were, injured, »befriend. He also had reservations about the theology of mediation , which "performed egg dances". When he dropped out of theology studies, he lost all scholarships.

Winteler now decided to become a teacher - a decision that was easy for him inasmuch as he had already attended historical and German lectures during his previous studies. Basel and Zurich teachers in history were Jacob Burckhardt , Balthasar Räber , Johannes Scherr , Georg von Wyss and Max Büdinger ; in the field of Germanic philology he had already heard from Wilhelm Wackernagel and Gottfried Kinkel . In 1870 he moved to Jena in Thuringia to study linguistics with August Leskien . However, since he was called to Leipzig shortly afterwards , Winteler mainly took part in events by Eduard Sievers and Berthold Delbrück . He financed his stay by working as a private tutor for a family in the Rhön region and as a teacher at the grand ducal saxony-weimar-eisenach agricultural school outside Jenas. In 1875 he received his doctorate with a thesis on his native dialect.

Winteler returned to Switzerland in the same year and first found a job at the Zollikofer's daughter institute in Romanshorn , but soon had to leave the position because he was accused of being too close to a student. In Burgdorf in Bern , where he then worked as a district school teacher, he got on badly with the rector. In 1880 he was elected school director in Murten . Instead of being able to devote himself to academic activity, as he had hoped, he was drawn into political quarrels when the ultra-montane cantonal government of Freiburg tried to bring the Protestant-liberal town under their control by means of a new school law penned by Georges Python . His resignation in 1884 prevented him from being fired and, with a recommendation from Federal Councilor Emil Welti , was immediately appointed to the Aarau Cantonal School, which is also known for its liberal spirit - his competitor, who was defeated in Aarau, was the writer and later Nobel Prize winner Carl Spitteler . Winteler taught history there from 1884 to 1909, and to a small extent Greek, temporarily also Latin, and from 1901 to 1914 the optional subject of interdenominational history of religion including philosophy.

After having had to reduce his workload in 1909 because of a voice disorder, Winteler resigned from his position entirely in 1914. For health reasons he spent his old age back in Toggenburg, first in Krummenau and then on the Hochsteig.

family

v. l. from right: Marie Winteler, Maja Einstein, Paul Winteler, Anna Winteler, Jost Winteler, Pauline Winteler, Rosa Winteler; around 1900.

1871 married Winteler the Jenenserin Pauline Eckart, daughter of a cloth merchant and Upper Hunter and relatives of Goethe's wife Christiane Vulpius . The marriage produced a total of seven children: Anna, Jost Fridolin (called Fritz), Rosa, Marie, Mathias, Jost jun. and Paul.

In 1906 the Winteler family suffered a difficult fate when their son Jost jun. shot his brother-in-law Ernst Bandi (Rosa's husband), his mother Pauline and finally himself. He had previously worked as a cook in the United States and was convinced that a secret medal was working against him, so his worried father brought him to Switzerland. Of course, he also believed he was being persecuted in Aarau and evidently believed that his brother-in-law was a member of the secret society and that his mother was under its influence. The prosecutor found double homicide in a mentally deranged state.

Albert and Maja Einstein

The “Rössligut” in Aarau: the Winteler family's home.

When the future physicist and Nobel Prize winner Albert Einstein made up his Matura at the Aarau Cantonal School in 1895/1896 , he lived with the Winteler family. Jost and Pauline Winteler became Albert's surrogate parents, and there was a very warm relationship in particular with “Mamerl”, that is to say with Pauline. The 16 year old student fell in love with their 18 year old daughter Marie; Marie did not live with the fact that he later preferred Mileva Marić to her . When Albert's sister Maja Einstein moved to Aarau in 1899 - her brother was studying at the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich - she immediately found a family connection with Winteler. In 1910 she married their youngest son Paul († 1952), a lawyer and artist. Before that, in 1898, a close friend of Einstein's, Michele Besso , had married Winteler's daughter Anna.

Einstein himself recorded in his autobiographical sketch how lastingly the liberal spirit of the Aarau canton school with its education for free action and self-responsibility had shaped him after he had previously spent six years at an authoritarian German grammar school. A certain political and practical scientific influence on the young Einstein is also commonly attributed to his father, Winteler. Concerning the situation in Germany, Albert Einstein wrote a letter to his sister Maja from 1935: “I often think of Papa Winteler and the visionary correctness of his political views”, and in 1936 he wrote to his friend Besso: “Now it’s still complete what a prophetic spirit Prof. Winteler was, who recognized this grave danger so early in all its magnitude ».

The fact that Einstein renounced his Wuerttemberg and thus also German citizenship in 1896 was probably due to an attempt to bypass military service, but his housefather and "dad" will have given him the ideal reasons: Winteler had been one since studying in Jena pronounced aversion to authoritarian Wilhelmine Germany. The former student, who moved to Jena in 1870 not least to escape the narrowness of Switzerland, was horrified to discover in Thuringia how “romantically and largely German-thinking” the teachers were, and in what “Siberian exile” the “ forty-eighters ” lived how conceited the civil servants behaved and how politically immature the German people were. In 1917, in his memoirs, he described Germany, which was unified under Prussian leadership in 1871, a "relapse [...] into the bestiality of the dinosaur era [...] which is not only reminiscent of doing and talking, but also the appearance of leading heads." Nevertheless, Winteler was not a supporter of direct democracy , as it gradually gained acceptance throughout Switzerland since the overthrow of the " Escher System " in the canton of Zurich in 1869, but preferred representative democracy , since "the solid pillars of a republic [...] not hooting rabble, but the general validity of informed judgment and moral deed.

Create and work

As a linguist

Jost Winteler at the age of 20

Winteler's groundbreaking dissertation on the highest Alemannic dialect of the villages on Kerenzerberg was the first phonetically exact description of a local dialect. What was innovative for this early period in linguistics was that he broke away from the accustomed orthography of the written language for object language and designed a special phonetic transcription with which he could convey "the real sounds" (according to Ludwig Tobler in his review of 1877) - a Procedure that had previously been postulated by Rudolf von Raumer and Wilhelm Scherer , but has now been implemented consistently for the first time. Winteler's investigation thus marked the overcoming of a “mere letter theory” coined by Jacob Grimm , as Otto Jespersen put it in 1905/1906. For Ferdinand Wrede , the meticulous observation of one's own articulation behavior in 1919 meant the transition "to an anthropological description based on a scientific model". The work was also taken note of with interest in non-German speaking countries, for example by the Polish-Russian phonetician Nikolaj Kruszewski and the English phonetician Henry Sweet .

Winteler's analyzes turned out to be fundamental to the development of modern phonetics. To this day, on the one hand, the description of the Alemannic Sandhi phenomena, which Uriel Weinreich praised as a processual description of assimilation, and, on the other hand, the particularly interesting analysis of the Fortis - Lenis distinction from a phonological point of view, is of importance . Winteler was the first to recognize the voicelessness of the Upper German Lenes, which met with disbelief among some of his contemporaries. His teacher Eduard Sievers testified in the preface to his trend-setting fundamentals of sound physiology (1876) how much he owed Winteler's research. The Indo-Europeanists Hermann Osthoff and Karl Brugmann saw in Winteler's synchronic description of assimilatory regularities a proof of the non- exception of the sound laws postulated by the young grammarians . Georg von der Gabelentz , who is considered to be the co-founder of the modern synchronic view of language, mentioned the dissertation in his main work Die Sprachwissenschaft (1891), as did the diachronic researcher Hermann Paul in his Grundriss der Germanischen Philologie (²1901). The work itself was quoted in Leonard Bloomfield's classic Language from 1933 and in Noam Chomsky's and Morris Halles basic work Sound Pattern of English from 1968.

Despite his successful start as a linguist, Winteler was unable to pursue a university career. According to his own statements, he had to do without a private lecturer for financial reasons . The rector of the Burgdorf district school, on the other hand, attributed this much more to Winteler's idiosyncrasy, and Tuchschmid said in his obituary for Winteler, "Everyday worries and a strong self-confidence with which he hoped to achieve the set goal on his own, without mediating influences." , would have "held him back at a modest height". His later activity as a teacher left him little time for research in the field of language, which he expressed regret on various occasions. In 1888, when Otto Behaghel left the University of Basel, Winteler was also discussed with regard to the appointment of a new chair, but the idea was not pursued because it was not known whether he had turned his back on German studies at all. In addition, he was deeply bitter that Sievers no longer honored his achievements in the new edition of the main features . His relationship with Friedrich Staub , the founder of the Swiss Idiotikon , was also not free from disaffection. Winteler had suggested that phonetic relationships should be given an important place in the Idiotikon , but Staub did not want to go into this, and he also considered the preparatory work for the “final monumental monument” of the Swiss German that he was aiming for as insufficient - the partial redesign of the work by Staub's successor Albert Bachmann Winteler was to agree about a quarter of a century later. Finally he felt that he was being treated unkindly by Staub and at times believed that he saw a rival in him; later, however, the ratio seems to have improved. Winteler drew up guidelines for the creation of a Bern German idiot that was proposed to him , but was unable to pursue them because of his school obligation. "Much later" - Winteler does not provide any further details in his autobiography - the editors of the Idiotikon offered him their materials if he wanted to write a Swiss-German grammar, and the Strasbourg publisher Karl Ignaz Trübner would have paid him the highest fee for a Swiss-German grammar paid out. Winteler waived again.

As a high school teacher

Although Winteler did not teach German, as a Germanist and dialectologist he advocated the diglossic situation in German-speaking Switzerland with his lectures and writings on dialect research (1877), German lessons (1878) and folk song (1895/1896) and demanded that dialect be made the starting point for German language teaching. He was thus in line with the Schaffhauser Johannes Meyer ( German language book for higher allemannische Volksschulen, Schaffhausen 1866), the Basel bidder Gustav Adolf Seiler ( Gottwilche! Allemannische Klänge aus Stadt und Landschaft Basel, Liestal 1879) and the Bernese Otto von Greyerz ( Die Dialect as the basis of German lessons, Bern 1900). In contrast to these, however, he did not present any publications that would have brought the postulate closer to practical implementation, and a number of peaks directed against Germany are unmistakable.

In the subject of history, which made up the largest part of his teaching workload, Winteler's teaching received much recognition. As a history teacher he followed the tradition of the liberals Georg von Wyss , Max Büdinger and Johannes Scherr , and he expressly opposed the "casuistic history artist" Heinrich von Treitschke . The emergence of the Swiss Confederation he did not see as a "pure German product", but rather took her on as a process that had been initiated by similar events in French-speaking western Switzerland and in the Italian-speaking Lombardy. In his opinion, the "never completely extinguished" feeling of a general civility inherited from the old Roman Empire among the Alpine Alemanni was due to the fact that German-Swiss language was "heavily infused with Romanesque blood".

Winteler experienced great success as a teacher in the history of religion, whose audience consisted not only of pupils but also of adults. When in 1898 the debate arose about reintroducing denominational religious instruction instead of interdenominational religious instruction at the Aarau Cantonal School, Winteler vehemently advocated keeping the former. It is not the task of the cantonal school to convey how "the individual denomination thinks the way to heaven [...], but it seems advisable to raise the future educated of the country above denominational bias through scientific instruction." He owed his widespread success to the focus on the philosophical-propaedeutic and the possible avoidance of church history, because the latter would have "emphasized what divides". For this purpose, Winteler was able to make fruitful visits to the lectures by Karl Steffensen , Arnold Hug and Alois Emanuel Biedermann, long ago .

Winteler primarily influenced his students through his personality. One of them later said that they "had a different relationship with this teacher than with most of the others."

As an ornithologist

As a child, Winteler had already dealt with "plants and small animals". As an adult he specialized in songbirds , which he kept in large numbers for study purposes in his respective apartment in Murten, Aarau, Krummenau and on the Hochsteig. Winteler was an active member of the Swiss Ornithological Society as well as co-founder and long-time employee of the magazine Die Tierwelt, which first appeared in 1891 and still exists today.

His Introduction to Songbirding (1898/99) was particularly read by teachers , and he was considered an authority in the field of house bird care. Winteler's articles in specialist journals contained many correct and well-put together observations alongside very unlikely statements. Its forms and voices knowledge was contradictory judgment, and his messages through the breeding population of Fieldfare in Laurenzenbad in Erlinsbach , on the warbler in Aareschachen in Aarau and the passage of the Siberian Thrush (by today's terminology probably the Siberian Thrush ) in the Toggenburg were questioned. The avifauna of Switzerland published in 1999 dates the first Swiss breeding record of the field thrush to 1923 (Winteler only relied on an informant in 1903) and that of the Rohrschwirls to 1956; the slate thrush was not even detected in Switzerland until 1978.

As a poet

As a primary school student, Winteler was already creating childlike verses, and as a high school student and student he kept a poetic diary in addition to a prose diary. His actual literary work consisted of the 257-page pantheistic poetry cycle Tycho Pantander. An intellectual development presented in songs, which was printed in 1890 with gold embossing and gilding at Huber in Frauenfeld. In this he found compensation for a life that did not correspond to his ideals, and was convinced that if he had become a “special scholar”, the “panther man” would have withered in him: “What I have lost in the technical rounding of knowledge has I have gained in personal wholeness. "

Hans Stickelberger, who had generally benevolently discussed the book in the features section of the “ Neue Zürcher Zeitung ” on June 13 and 14 of the same year, drew above all the line on world pain of Nikolaus Lenaus and Hieronymus Lorms . Conrad Ferdinand Meyer judged sybillinically; for him it was "certainly a substantial book that is important for younger people"; it is said that Hermann Hesse liked the Tycho Pantander . Carl Spitteler described it ambiguously as “a strange, original and by no means insignificant work by a serious seeker of truth, an idiosyncratic verse and speech gymnast, a magnificent, gnarled, indomitable character. The whole of Winteler is an uplifting protest figure. " Today's literary studies characterize the cycle as “highly idiosyncratic” or as “a product that is as curious as it is typical of a difficult period in German literary history”.

Disappointed about the lack of success of his poetry, he suspected various authors of epigoneism, as in connection with his dissertation. As a kind of consolation recognition, the lonely Winteler received over a quarter of a century later on the initiative of his Aarau colleague Hans Kaeslin and the later Nobel Prize winner Carl Spitteler for the Tycho Pantander in 1918, prize money of 1,000 francs from the Swiss Schiller Foundation.

A “more extensive manuscript” on German metrics was never completed for printing.

Rediscovery and legend building

Winteler would probably only be known to science historians today if Nikolaj Sergejewitsch Trubetzkoy had not rediscovered him for linguistics in 1931, two years after his death, and had described him in a letter to Roman Jakobson as a “pioneer of phonology”, who, as it were, described the later findings of the Prague linguistic group anticipated. After the Second World War, Jakobson expanded this assessment significantly; For example, he explained that Winteler's work was de facto phonological in the sense of the Prague school of structuralism , which only emerged in the 1920s , and that its author invented minimal pair analysis . In 1984, however, the German scholar Manfred Kohrt from Bonn demonstrated in a detailed study that this new and reinterpretation was not tenable in terms of the history of science.

Jakobson also reminded us that the paths of Winteler's and Einstein's life crossed. The biographical fact that Einstein had found a substitute family in the Winteler household was expanded by him from 1972 and subsequently by other authors to include the component that his housefather had also led him to science and led him to the idea of ​​the theory of relativity . According to Kohrt, this legendary description of Winteler is also lacking, although it is hardly disputed that he helped shape Einstein's political and practical scientific attitude.

Trubetzkoy's and Jakobson's overinterpretation of Winteler's work and activity ultimately stems from a misinterpretation of two expressions in his dissertation, namely "dynamic" and "relativity". Both are terms that were actually used by the Prague School and Einstein, but with a completely different meaning than the more everyday language that Winteler had given them.

estate

Winteler's estate is in the archives of the Swiss National Library and in the Aargau State Archives ; The Schweizerisches Idiotikon has further archival material .

Publications

An - incomplete - list of publications, which includes six philological and historical, five biographical, 49 ornithological, one poetic and one metapoetic titles, can be found in August Tuchschmid, Hans Kaeslin, Sophie Haemmerli-Marti: Jost Winteler, 1846–1929, Sauerländer, Aarau 1930, pp. 43-46.

Autobiography
  • Memories from my life. Dedicated to additions and thanks, students, friends and admirers. In: Wissen und Leben 10 (1917), Hefte 11, S. 525-547 , and 12, S. 617-647 , also published as “Separat-Abdruck” (Orell Füssli, Zurich 1917).
monograph
Articles and printed lectures (selection)
  • About the development, current status and importance of dialect research. In: Ninth annual issue of the Association of Swiss High School Teachers. Sauerländer, Aarau 1877, pp. 4–12 [missing in Kaeslin's list of publications].
  • About the justification of the German language lessons on the dialect of the student. Jent & Reinert, Bern 1878.
  • Natural sounds and language. Comments on W. Wackernagel's ‹Voces variae animalium›. In: Program of the Aargau Cantonal School 1892/93. Sauerlander, Aarau 1892.
  • About folk song and dialect. A word to the Aargau teaching staff on the occasion of the Cantonal Conference on September 12, 1895. Effingerhof, Brugg 1895 and Henckell, Zurich / Leipzig 1896.
  • About the connection of the derivative syllable got. -Atj-, ahd. -azz- with guttural starting stems resp. root. In: Contributions to the history of German language and literature 14 (1889), pp. 3–18 [not in Kaeslin's list of publications].
  • As an introduction to songbirding. Sauerländer, Aarau 1899 (separate print from the animal world, 1898).
Literary work
  • Tycho Pantander. A spiritual development represented in songs. Huber, Frauenfeld 1890.

literature

  • Carl Daut: † Jost Winteler. In: Der Ornithologische Beobachter 26 (1929), p. 119.
  • Albert Fölsing: Albert Einstein. A biography. Suhrkamp, ​​Aarau 1993 (and other editions).
  • Ludwig Gebhardt: The ornithologists of Central Europe. A reference work. [Volume 1], Brühlscher Verlag, Giessen 1964, p. 386.
  • Walter Haas : Winteler, Jost. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . Vol. 11, p. 503.
  • Walter Haas: Winteler, Jost. In: Harro Stammerjohann (Ed.): Lexicon Grammaticorum. A Bio-Bibliographied Companion to the History of Linguistics, Vol. 2. 2nd ed. Niemeyer, Tübingen 2009, p. 1650 f.
  • W [alter] H [aa] s, C [harle] s Li [nsmayer] : Winteler, Jost. In: Schweizer Lexikon Vol. 6, Schweizer Lexikon Mengis + Ziehr, Lucerne 1993, p. 667 f.
  • Roman Hess: Papa Winteler or The Dumb Prophet. An unknown quantity in Einstein's biography. In: Die Weltwoche No. 38 of September 20, 1978, p. 29.
  • Roman Hess: Jost Winteler. In: Helvetic profiles. 47 writers from German-speaking Switzerland since 1800. Edited by the Zurich Seminar for Literary Criticism with Werner Weber. Artemis, Zurich / Munich 1981, pp. 296–301.
  • Hans Rudolf Hilty: Jost Winteler and the Toggenburg. On the twentieth anniversary of his death. In: Toggenburger Heimat-Kalender 9 (1949), pp. 135-138.
  • Elmar Holenstein : Albert Einstein's housefather in Aarau: the linguist Jost Winteler. In: Schweizer Monatshefte 59 (1979), pp. 221-233. doi : 10.5169 / seals-163528
  • Bruno Jahn: Winteler, Jost. In: German Literature Lexicon . Biographical-bibliographical manual. 3rd, completely revised edition. Volume 33.De Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2014, Sp. 532 f.
  • Manfred Kohrt: Phonetics, Phonology and the "Relativity of Relations". On the position of Jost Winteler in the history of science. Steiner, Stuttgart 1984 (Journal for Dialectology and Linguistics. Supplement 47).
  • Christof Rieber: Albert Einstein. Biography of a nonconformist. Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2018.
  • Franziska Rogger : Einstein's sister. Maja Einstein - her life and her brother Albert. Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 2005.
  • Carl Seelig : Albert Einstein. A documentary biography. Europe, Zurich / Stuttgart / Vienna 1954.
  • Werner Stauffacher : relationship or non-relationship? Carl Spitteler and Jost Winteler. In: Schweizer Monatshefte 59 (1979), pp. 625-632. doi : 10.5169 / seals-163547
  • Ludwig Storz: Friedrich Mühlberg, Adolf Frey, Jost Winteler and Hans Kaeslin. Written in honor of Hans Kaeslin, born on December 9th, 1867, died on March 2nd, 1955. Sauerländer, Aarau 1956 (annual report of the Aargau Cantonal School 1955/56. Enclosure).
  • Ludwig Storz: Jost Winteler. In: Biographisches Lexikon des Aargau 1803–1957. Edited by the Historical Society of the Canton of Aargau. Sauerländer, Aarau 1958 (also Argovia 68/69), pp. 881–883.
  • August Tuchschmid, Hans Kaeslin, Sophie Haemmerli-Marti : Jost Winteler, 1846–1929. Sauerländer, Aarau 1930. In it: August Tuchschmid: Professor Dr. Jost Winteler. 1846-1929, pp. 1-14; Hans Kaeslin: Jost Wintelers Importance for Us, pp. 15–28; Sophie Hämmerli [!] - Marti: Tycho Pantander. Ein Dichter-Erlebnis, pp. 29–42; Hans Kaeslin: Directory of Jost Winteler's publications, pp. 43–46. (The first two articles first in: Annual report of the Aargau Cantonal School for 1929/30 .)
  • Raffael Winkler, in collaboration with the Swiss Avifauna Commission: Avifauna of Switzerland. [Möhlin] 1999 (supplement to the ornithological observer 10).
  • Jost Winteler: Memories from my life. Dedicated to additions and thanks, students, friends and admirers. In: Wissen und Leben 10 (1917), Hefte 11, pp. 525–447, and 12, pp. 617–647. Also published as a “separate print” (Orell Füssli, Zurich 1917).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jost Winteler: Memories from my life. Dedicated to additions and thanks, students, friends and admirers. In: Wissen und Leben 10 (1917), p. 534.
  2. ↑ The following in this chapter, especially after Jost Winteler: Memories from my life. Dedicated to additions and thanks, students, friends and admirers. In: Wissen und Leben 10 (1917), Hefte 11, pp. 525–447, and 12, pp. 617–647; August Tuchschmid: Professor Dr. Jost Winteler. 1846-1929. In: August Tuchschmid, Hans Kaeslin, Sophie Haemmerli-Marti: Jost Winteler, 1846–1929. Sauerländer, Aarau 1930; Ludwig Storz: Jost Winteler. In: Biographisches Lexikon des Aargau 1803–1957. Edited by the Historical Society of the Canton of Aargau. Sauerländer, Aarau 1958, pp. 881-883 (also Argovia 68/69); and Roman Hess: Papa Winteler or The Dumb Prophet. An unknown quantity in Einstein's biography. In: Die Weltwoche No. 38 of September 20, 1978, p. 29.
  3. ↑ Jost Winteler: Memories from my life. Dedicated to additions and thanks, students, friends and admirers. In: Wissen und Leben 10 (1917), p. 618.
  4. ^ The Historical Lexicon of Switzerland (vol. 11, 503) and Roman Hess: Jost Winteler (p. 29) write the name "Eckhardt"; Albert Fölsing: Albert Einstein (p. 53), Franziska Rogger: Maja Einstein (p. 21) and Ludwig Storz: Jost Winteler (p. 881) but "Eckart", which also corresponds to the predominant name spelling in Thuringia. August Tuchschmid: Professor Dr. Jost Winteler. 1846–1929 (p. 3) and therefore Ludwig Storz: Jost Winteler (p. 881) name the marriage year “1876”; the indication "1871" in the Historical Lexicon of Switzerland should be correct, however, since the second oldest son Fridolin was born in 1873 according to the Historical-Biographical Lexicon of Switzerland (vol. 7, 552). Albert Fölsing: Albert Einstein also notes on p. 53 that Pauline was later only called Rosa ; Ludwig Storz: Jost Winteler only mentions this latter name. Winteler himself is completely silent about his family in his memoirs from 1917.
  5. ↑ For details on this Franziska Rogger: Einstein's sister. Maja Einstein - her life and her brother Albert. Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 2005, pp. 33–38. - The information in August Tuchschmid: Professor Dr. Jost Winteler. 1846-1929. In: August Tuchschmid, Hans Kaeslin, Sophie Haemmerli-Marti: Jost Winteler, 1846–1929. Sauerländer, Aarau 1930, p. 8, according to which it was the youngest son, is incorrect, since this (Paul) was married to Maja Einstein from 1910.
  6. ^ Albert Fölsing: Albert Einstein. A biography. Suhrkamp, ​​Aarau 1993, p. 53; Elmar Holenstein: Albert Einstein's housefather in Aarau: the linguist Jost Winteler. In: Schweizer Monatshefte 59 (1979), p. 226 - Winteler himself does not mention his famous guesthouse guest in his memoirs, which of course appeared in 1917, and Einstein is not mentioned in Tuchschmid's obituary from 1930 or Storz's biographical article from 1958.
  7. ↑ Franziska Rogger: Einstein's sister. Maja Einstein - her life and her brother Albert. Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 2005, p. 21 ff .; see. also Albert Fölsing: Albert Einstein. A biography. Suhrkamp, ​​Aarau 1993, p. 57 f., And Mathias Plüss: Relatively in love. In: Das Magazin 23, June 9, 2018, pp. 22–28.
  8. ↑ Manfred Kohrt: Phonetics, Phonology and the "Relativity of Relations". On the position of Jost Winteler in the history of science. Steiner, Stuttgart 1984 (Journal for Dialectology and Linguistics. Supplement 47), p. 86 f .; see. also Carl Seelig: Albert Einstein. A documentary biography. Europe, Zurich / Stuttgart / Vienna 1954, p. 24.
  9. ↑ See for example Albert Fölsing: Albert Einstein. A biography. Suhrkamp, ​​Aarau 1993, p. 55 f .; Elmar Holenstein: Albert Einstein's housefather in Aarau: the linguist Jost Winteler. In: Schweizer Monatshefte 59 (1979), p. 229; Manfred Kohrt: Phonetics, Phonology and the "Relativity of Relations". On the position of Jost Winteler in the history of science. Steiner, Stuttgart 1984 (Journal for Dialectology and Linguistics. Supplement 47), p. 96.
  10. ^ Albert Fölsing: Albert Einstein. A biography. Suhrkamp, ​​Aarau 1993, p. 55; Carl Seelig: Albert Einstein. A documentary biography. Europe, Zurich / Stuttgart / Vienna 1954, p. 23.
  11. ^ A b Albert Fölsing: Albert Einstein. A biography. Suhrkamp, ​​Aarau 1993, p. 55.
  12. ↑ Jost Winteler: Memories from my life. Dedicated to additions and thanks, students, friends and admirers. In: Wissen und Leben 10 (1917), pp. 618, 620 f.
  13. ↑ Jost Winteler: Memories from my life. Dedicated to additions and thanks, students, friends and admirers. In: Wissen und Leben 10 (1917), pp. 621–629.
  14. ↑ For the scientific-historical classification see Manfred Kohrt: Phonetik, Phonologie und die "Relatität der Rathi". On the position of Jost Winteler in the history of science. Steiner, Stuttgart 1984 (Journal for Dialectology and Linguistics. Supplement 47), pp. 8-13.
  15. ↑ Roman Hess: Papa Winteler or The Dumb Prophet. An unknown quantity in Einstein's biography. In: Die Weltwoche No. 38 of September 20, 1978, p. 29, with the original quote: “If you had started differently, you would now be a university professor. So you have to remain a schoolmaster your entire life. "
  16. ↑ August Tuchschmid: Professor Dr. Jost Winteler. 1846-1929. In: August Tuchschmid, Hans Kaeslin, Sophie Haemmerli-Marti: Jost Winteler, 1846–1929. Sauerländer, Aarau 1930, p. 11.
  17. ↑ Roman Hess: Papa Winteler or The Dumb Prophet. An unknown quantity in Einstein's biography. In: Die Weltwoche No. 38 of September 20, 1978, p. 29, based on a letter from Behaghels to Winteler.
  18. ↑ On the relationship between Winteler and Staub see Jost Winteler: Memories from my life. Dedicated to additions and thanks, students, friends and admirers. In: Wissen und Leben 10 (1917), pp. 642–645.
  19. ↑ Jost Winteler: Memories from my life. Dedicated to additions and thanks, students, friends and admirers. In: Wissen und Leben 10 (1917), p. 538.
  20. ↑ Winteler (1896), p. 8; Jost Winteler: Memories from my life. Dedicated to additions and thanks, students, friends and admirers. In: Wissen und Leben 10 (1917), p. 543.
  21. ↑ August Tuchschmid: Professor Dr. Jost Winteler. 1846-1929. In: August Tuchschmid, Hans Kaeslin, Sophie Haemmerli-Marti: Jost Winteler, 1846–1929. Sauerländer, Aarau 1930, p. 6 f.
  22. ↑ Jost Winteler: Memories from my life. Dedicated to additions and thanks, students, friends and admirers. In: Wissen und Leben 10 (1917), p. 636.
  23. ^ Hans Rudolf Hilty: Jost Winteler and the Toggenburg. On the twentieth anniversary of his death. In: Toggenburger Heimat-Kalender 9 (1949), p. 136.
  24. ^ Carl Daut: † Jost Winteler. In: Der Ornithologische Beobachter 26 (1929), p. 119; Ludwig Gebhardt: The ornithologists of Central Europe. A reference work. [Volume 1], Brühlscher Verlag, Giessen 1964, p. 386.
  25. ↑ Ludwig Gebhardt: Die Ornithologen Mitteleuropas. A reference work. [Volume 1], Brühlscher Verlag, Giessen 1964, p. 386.
  26. ↑ Raffael Winkler, in collaboration with the Swiss Avia Faunistic Commission: Avifauna of Switzerland. [Möhlin] 1999 (Supplement to Ornithological Observer 10), p. 152 (where also on Winteler's alleged testimony of the slate thrush), 153 f., 157.
  27. ↑ Jost Winteler: Memories from my life. Dedicated to additions and thanks, students, friends and admirers. In: Wissen und Leben 10 (1917), p. 646 f.
  28. ↑ Werner Stauffacher: Relationship or Non-Relationship? Carl Spitteler and Jost Winteler. In: Schweizer Monatshefte 59 (1979), p. 632.
  29. ^ Roman Hess: Jost Winteler. In: Helvetic profiles. 47 writers from German-speaking Switzerland since 1800. Edited by the Zurich Seminar for Literary Criticism with Werner Weber. Artemis, Zurich / Munich 1981, p. 298.
  30. ↑ Roman Hess: Papa Winteler or The Dumb Prophet. An unknown quantity in Einstein's biography. In: Die Weltwoche No. 38 of September 20, 1978, p. 29.
  31. ^ Roman Hess: Jost Winteler. In: Helvetic profiles. 47 writers from German-speaking Switzerland since 1800. Edited by the Zurich Seminar for Literary Criticism with Werner Weber. Artemis, Zurich / Munich 1981, p. 299. - Spitteler was less friendly in his private life and described Winteler Sophie Haemmerli-Marti as a “chronic troublemaker” (Werner Stauffacher: Relationship or non-relationship? Carl Spitteler and Jost Winteler. In: Swiss monthly books 59: 629 (1979)).
  32. ^ Walter Haas, Charles Linsmayer: Winteler, Jost. In: Schweizer Lexikon Vol. 6, Schweizer Lexikon Mengis + Ziehr, Lucerne 1993, p. 668.
  33. ↑ Werner Stauffacher: Relationship or Non-Relationship? Carl Spitteler and Jost Winteler. In: Schweizer Monatshefte 59 (1979), p. 625.
  34. ↑ Werner Stauffacher: Relationship or Non-Relationship? Carl Spitteler and Jost Winteler. In: Schweizer Monatshefte 59 (1979), p. 630. - See also Swiss Schiller Foundation: History - Overview , with links to the winners 1908–2012.
  35. ↑ Jost Winteler: Memories from my life. Dedicated to additions and thanks, students, friends and admirers. In: Wissen und Leben 10 (1917), p. 645.
  36. ^ Roman Jakobson: The Kazan 'School of Polish Linguistics and Its Place in the International Development of Phonology. In: Roman Jakobson: Selected Writings II: Word and Language. Mouton, Den Haag 1971 (Polish original 1960), pp. 395-428, esp. 414, 416; Roman Jakobson: Henry Sweet's Path Toward Phonemics. In: C. E. Bazell, J. C. Catford et al. a. (Ed.): In Memory of J. R. Firth. Longmans, London 1966, pp. 342-254, esp. 246; Roman Jakobson and Linda Waugh: The Sound Shape of Language. Harvester, Brighton (Sussex) 1979, p. 14; followed by Josef Vackek: The Linguistic School of Prague. Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. / London 1966, p. 115; Jiři Krámský: The Phonemes. Introduction to the History and Theories of a Concept. Fink, Munich 1974, p. 187; Elmar Holenstein: Albert Einstein's housefather in Aarau: the linguist Jost Winteler. In: Schweizer Monatshefte 59 (1979), p. 221 f.
  37. ↑ Manfred Kohrt: Phonetics, Phonology and the "Relativity of Relations". On the position of Jost Winteler in the history of science. Steiner, Stuttgart 1984 (Journal for Dialectology and Linguistics. Supplement 47), pp. 15–73 and 98–105.
  38. ^ Roman Jakobson: Verbal Communication. In: Scientific American, 223, pp. 73-80 (1972); Roman Jakobson and Linda Waugh: The Sound Shape of Language. Harvester, Brighton (Sussex) 1979, p. 17; Roman Jakobson: Einstein and the science of language. In: Elmar Holenstein: About the ability to deceive language. Cognitive materials of language. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt / Main 1980 (English original from the same year), pp. 159–170, esp. 164 ff .; Roman Jakobson and Krystyna Pomorska: Poetry and Grammar. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt / Main 1982 (French original: 1980), p. 45; followed by Wolfgang Raible: Roman Jakobson or “On the watershed between linguistics and poetics”. In: Roman Jakobson: Essays on linguistics and poetics. Nymphenburger, Munich 1974, pp. 7-37; Elmar Holenstein: Albert Einstein's housefather in Aarau: the linguist Jost Winteler. In: Schweizer Monatshefte 59 (1979), pp. 221-233.
  39. ↑ Manfred Kohrt: Phonetics, Phonology and the "Relativity of Relations". On the position of Jost Winteler in the history of science. Steiner, Stuttgart 1984 (Journal for Dialectology and Linguistics. Supplement 47), pp. 75–97.
  40. ↑ Very detailed on the complex history of usage of these terms Manfred Kohrt: Phonetics, Phonology and the "Relativity of Relationships". On the position of Jost Winteler in the history of science. Steiner, Stuttgart 1984 (Journal for Dialectology and Linguistics. Supplement 47).
  41. ^ HelveticArchives: Personal Archives and Legacies .
  42. ↑ HelveticArchives: Winteler, Jost .
  43. ↑ On the question of the publication date, see Manfred Kohrt: Phonetik, Phonologie und die “Relativity of relationships”. On the position of Jost Winteler in the history of science. Steiner, Stuttgart 1984 (Journal for Dialectology and Linguistics. Supplement 47), pp. 5-7.
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on December 11, 2014 .
personal data
SURNAME Winteler, Jost
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss linguist, teacher, ornithologist and poet as well as Albert Einstein's housefather in Aarau
DATE OF BIRTH November 21, 1846
PLACE OF BIRTH Filzbach
DATE OF DEATH February 23, 1929
Place of death Wattwil