Potash Works Union of Thuringia
| Potash Works Union of Thuringia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| Mining technology | Chamber construction | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Union of Thuringia | ||
| Employees | up to 400 | ||
| Start of operation | 1908 | ||
| End of operation | 1921 | ||
| Successor use | no | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Carnallitite and hard salt | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 21 '22 " N , 11 ° 22' 55" E | ||
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| Location | Heygendorf | ||
| local community | Artern | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Kyffhäuserkreis | ||
| country | Free State of Thuringia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Unstrut area | ||
The Thuringia I and II shafts belong to the disused Thuringia union potash plant in Heygendorf , a district of the city of Artern in the Thuringian Kyffhäuserkreis . Shaft Thuringia I is located about one kilometer east of the Heygendorf- Mönchpfiffel road . The mining field is located in the immediate area of the nearby Hornburg Deep Fault on the northeast flank of the Roßlebener saddle.
The starting point of the Thuringia II shaft is around 1.4 km east of shaft I and around 200 m south of the former Heygendorf Vorwerk (see map below). The mining field extends in an easterly direction from Shaft Thuringia I over a distance of around 1400 m and a width of around 600 m.
The beginning of the sinking of the Thuringia I shaft was on April 25, 1905, that of the Thuringia II shaft on January 13, 1913.
The extraction of carnallite and hard salt was made from 1908. mining method was the room and pillar method. The Kali flöz Staßfurt had a thickness of between 8 m and at times m to 34th The mine workings are not far from the southern mining fields of the former copper slate-building Bernard Koenen shaft in Niederröblingen . The extracted salts were processed in the company's own factories, of which ruins are still preserved today (see photos below). In total, potash salts amounting to 94,820 t eff K 2 O were extracted and further processed. On September 20, 1921, the promotion was stopped and the shafts according to §§ 83a and 83e of the decommissioning decree shut down (more detailed explanations of the relevant legislation: see section "shutdown of the potash plant").
Search and exploration work
When chemical factories in the Staßfurt area succeeded in removing the “impure” carnallitic salts from the vd Heydt and v. Utilizing Manteuffel by dissolving the potassium chloride (KCl) contained in these "bitter-tasting" salts in order to market it successfully as a fertilizer in agriculture , a lively search for minerals like this began everywhere. Drilling teams also moved to the Allstedt enclave .
The following lists the most important exploratory boreholes from this period as well as further exploratory boreholes from GDR times and their discoveries.
| Name of the hole: | Rossleben VII | Brl. 1 | Brl. 2 | Monk whistle | Good Hope | P. 66 | P. 74 | P 78 E. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drilling period | 1904 | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | 1957 | 1958 | 1957 |
| Final depth (in meters) | 390.3 | 443.7 | 413.7 | 396.6 | 385.0 | 1093.6 | 1226.4 | 1140.9 |
| Formation of the Staßfurt potash seam | drained | Carnallitite | Carnallitite | drained | drained | Carnallitite | drained | z. T. leached |
| Name of the hole | P 83 | P. 86 | P. 98 | S 100 | P. 110 | P. 122 | P. 126 | P. 136 | P. 137 | P. 139 | P 148 | P 151 | P. 152 | P 161 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drilling period | 1957/58 | 1958/59 | 1960/61 | 1959 | 1960 | 1961 | 1961 | 1961 | 1961 | 1961 | 1962 | 1962 | 1962 | 1964 |
| Final depth (in meters) | 1010.3 | 1213.15 | 923.6 | 936.8 | 1045.9 | 912.6 | 779.6 | 872.05 | 777.3 | 869.6 | 834.4 | 1075.0 | 908.3 | 990.2 |
| Formation of the Staßfurt potash seam | Carnallitite | partially exhausted | Carnallitite | Carnallitite | Carnallitite | drained | drained | Carnallitite | drained | Carnallitite | Carnallitite | Carnallitite | drained | drained |
Geological and hydrogeological reservoir conditions
The geological conditions
The Thuringia I and II shafts were built for the extraction of potash in the Staßfurt potash seam on the northeast flank of the Roßleben saddle. The starting points are in the lower part of the Middle Buntsandstein in the north-western part of the saddle flank, not far from the Hornburg Deep Fault . Starting from the leaching valleys of the Unstrut and the Helme or the fault lines of the northern rim fault of the Hermandurian plaice and the Hornburg deep fault, the leaching affected the Staßfurt potash seam (and to a greater extent the salts of the younger saline layers), so that the Thuringia mine is semicircular from the south , West and north-west is surrounded by the leaching area (see map above).
The storage conditions of the Staßfurt potash seam are very changeable due to these geological disturbances. The northernmost mines were found to have a slight dip directed northwest towards the salt level . Otherwise, a slight bulge with WSW-ONO-directed strokes extends from Shaft I to the hard salt mines of the 357 m level . South of this bulge, the dip is directed mainly to the southeast. A clear deviation results from a trough in the central part, for example in the area of the safety pillar around the Thuringia 1 borehole (shown on the map as Brl . 1 ), from which a rise in the potash deposit can be seen to the south and south-west. In the eastern part of the mining area where the deepest workings of the 408 m sole lie, there is nearly uniform dip to the southeast. Carnallitite and hard salt from the Staßfurt potash seam were extracted in the Thuringia mine .
Hard salt was detected in two separate areas of small extent north and northeast of shaft I and mined over the 350 m and 357 m levels. The hard salt was only 2.5 m to 3.0 m thick with a K 2 O content of 12–15% and occurred underlayed by carnallitite in the upper part of the potash store. The K 2 SO 4 content should have been minimal. It was layered and heavily folded, indicating strong tectonic stresses. Otherwise the potash store was found almost completely carnallitic (stratified and rubble mercarnallitite). The thickness of the carnallite is said to have been only 8 m in the western part of the pit. For the middle of the construction site, especially for the area of the 408 m level, thicknesses of 18 m to 34 m were specified.
Posthumous hat salts, kainite and sylvinite were found near the salt surface . This zone should have a width of 100 m and a length of around 200 m. A leaching cover of the potash seam was approached from the 350 m level. The salt leaching between the Thuringia mine and the Unstrut lowlands is due to the bulging of the Roßleben- Bottendorfer saddle, which is the continuation of the Kyffhäuser saddle. The location of the leaching limit of the potash store is known to the west and northeast of shaft I from mine outcrops up to a distance of 1 km; it follows the normal stroke of the mountains from the southeast to west of shaft I, but then turns sharply to the northeast. Gas leaks only rarely occurred on the Thuringia mine. A somewhat stronger one occurred when driving the main conveyor line about 1 km from the shaft. No information is available on the composition. It is very likely that these are hydrocarbon-rich gases, as they have become known from the other Unstrut pits.
The hydrogeological conditions
Although the distance from the Thuringia I shaft to the leaching limit of the potash store is only about 60 m, the main anhydrite was encountered in a fissured but dry manner. Due to the tectonic stress, as it was determined by the mine outcrops in the potash deposit, a widespread intensive fissure must be assumed for the main anhydrite. As in the Roßleben potash mine, the shafts of which also penetrated the main anhydrite in a dry but fractured manner, a salt solution in the main anhydrite should therefore be expected, especially in deeper parts of the Thuringia mine.
As Stille (1921) reported and can be seen from the mine workings , the uppermost mines were driven almost right up to the salt level. The border zone was approached no less than seven times in stretches and boreholes (one of them was wing location 1 of the 350 m level). There were no noteworthy larger caustic inflows. Saline solution only dripped down in places in the hanging stretch to the 350 m level. Here originated stalactites of white sylvite , which were more than a meter long. In the same area in the summer of 1907 there was a small inflow of saline solution, initially 3 l / h, which was reduced to 0.3 l / h by March 1908 and then dried up completely. An equally insignificant amount of saline solution of 4 l / h escaped in June 1908 in mining V. The inflow had dried up again in July.
The operation of the potash plant
The financial and business situation
Foundation: The drilling contract is dated 10./14. January 1903, an assignment agreement dated November 19, 1904. The deed of incorporation was issued on February 22, 1905, with an addendum dated October 30, 1905. The commercial court entry took place in January 1906. The articles of association of April 7, 1906 were replaced by a new, the Mining Act for the Grand Duchy of Weimar accordingly, replaced.
Number of Kuxes : 1,000 pieces (one such Kux is shown on the right).
Purpose of the company: Exploitation of the authorization to be granted by the Saxony-Weimar government to the union to set up and operate a salt or potash salt mine in the Allstedt enclave , as well as the exploitation of those mining authorizations which it was later to acquire; Furthermore, the manufacture and operation of all plants and companies that promote the exploitation of those mines and authorizations and the utilization of their products in raw or processed form.
Gerechtsame: 11,163 hectares = about 22 Prussian normal fields in the enclave Allstedt of Saxony-Weimar, and the plots 130-133, 148a and 149b of the basic control cadaster of Heygendorf and 154-156 of the land tax cadaster of Schaaf village . The union due inserted are awarded presumption of Oberbergamt hall three Prussian mining concessions with a total of 6,566,995 square meters under the name "Thuringia IV-VI" in the districts Saubach , Bibra , Steinbach , Kalbitz , Wellroda and Pleismar in circles Eckartsberga of the administrative district Merseburg for recovery of rock salt and breaking salts. The pit fields are located southwest of the Laucha railway station (Naumburg-Artern line) and border the Roßleben and Lossa trade unions in the north , so they are not directly related to the Weimar Justice.
Second shaft: The extraordinary trade union meeting on June 16, 1912 decided to build a new salt works in the union's mine field. The construction of the new potash shaft was entrusted to the Rheinisch-Westfälische Schachtbaugesellschaft. Sinking began on January 13, 1913. In autumn 1913 the shaft was 192 m deep . Of these, stood in masonry m 32.70, m in iron 157.70. The sinking operation also ceased from 1918 to 1921.
Tagesanlagen: A Chlorkalium-, sulphate - and Bromfabrik are on the Heygendorfer Terrain completed the union in the fall 1907th After clarification, the final liquors are fed into the helmets below Heygendorf. The license was granted by resolution of the Apolda district committee on December 30, 1905 for the daily processing of 5,000 quintals of crude salt. Objections to the concession, which were raised by various parties, have been rejected by the State Ministry.
Other daytime facilities: grinding mill building with a kainite and carnallite grinding system, the hoisting machine building with the definitive hoisting machine , workshop and storage building , the boiler house with 12 Cornwall boilers, the electrical power station with three machines of 150, 300 and 500 HP and the 9 km long one standard gauge railway siding to Niederröblingen , a water supply system.
Potash Syndicate : In the syndicate since 1906. The "Union of Thuringia zu Heygendorf" belonged to the Salzdetfurth Group with a total participation figure of 5.6641 thousandths for both shafts.
Closure of operations: In 1922 the final closure took place in accordance with §§ 83a and § 83e of the Decommissioning Ordinance from October 22, 1921 to December 31, 1953. In 1923 the potash inspection agency granted a participation rate of 91% for shaft I, and for shaft II from 1. February 1923 a participation figure of 25% of the average participation of all potash plants. Last ordinary trade union meeting: May 17, 1935.
Here are some statistical figures from 1907 to 1914:
- 1907: shaft construction completed. Daytime systems almost completed.
- 1908: Chairman of the mining board : Director Rudolf Enler in Frankfurt / M. Management: Technical Director: B. Westermann, a qualified mining engineer; Commercial director: Gebhardt, both in Heygendorf. Factory director: Dr. Tryller. Processing plants: Kainit mill, chlorinated potassium factory, potash fertilizer salt factory. Operations manager: Obersteiger Emil Henke in Heygendorf. Average number of workers: 250 men.
- 1909: Chairman of the mining board: Director Rudolf Enler in Frankfurt / M. Management: Technical Director: B. Westermann, a qualified mining engineer; Commercial director: Gebhardt, both in Heygendorf. Factory director: Dr. Tryller. Processing plants: Kainit mill, chlorinated potassium factory, potash fertilizer salt factory. Operations manager: Obersteiger Emil Henke in Heygendorf. Average number of workers: 391 men.
- 1910: Chairman of the mining board: Bergrat Ebeling in Hanover. Management: Technical Director: B. Westermann, a qualified mining engineer; Commercial director: Gebhardt, both in Heygendorf. Factory director: Raupert in Heygendorf. Processing plants: Kainit mill, chlorinated potassium factory, potash fertilizer salt factory. Operations manager: Obersteiger Emil Henke in Heygendorf. Average number of workers: 391 men.
- 1911: Chairman of the mining board: Bergrat Ebeling in Hanover. Management: Technical Director: B. Westermann, a qualified mining engineer; Commercial director: Gebhardt, both in Heygendorf. Factory director: Raupert in Heygendorf. Processing plants: Kainit mill, chlorinated potassium factory, potash fertilizer salt factory. Operations manager: Obersteiger Emil Henke in Heygendorf. Average number of workers: 350 men.
- 1912: Chairman of the mining board: Bergrat Ebeling in Hanover. Direction: Technical Director: Bergassessor Sauerbrey; Commercial director: Gebhardt, both in Heygendorf. Factory director: Raupert in Heygendorf. Processing plants: Kainit mill, chlorinated potassium factory, potash fertilizer salt factory. Operator: Obersteiger Jantzen in Heygendorf. Average number of workers: 350 men.
- 1913: Chairman of the mining board: Bergrat Ebeling in Hanover. Direction: Technical Director: Bergassessor Sauerbrey; Commercial director: Gebhardt, both in Heygendorf. Factory director: Raupert in Heygendorf. Processing plants: Kainit mill, chlorinated potassium factory, potash fertilizer salt factory. Operator: Obersteiger Jantzen in Heygendorf. Average number of workers: 350 men. Preparatory work for a new shaft to be sunk is in progress.
- 1914: Chairman of the mining board: Bergrat Ebeling in Hanover. Direction: Technical Director: Bergassessor Sauerbrey; Commercial director: Gebhardt, both in Heygendorf. Factory director: Raupert in Heygendorf. Processing plants: Kainite mill, potassium chlorine factory, potash fertilizer salt, sulphate and bromine factory. Operator: Obersteiger Jantzen in Heygendorf. Average number of workers: 320 men. Preparatory work for a new shaft to be sunk is in progress.
- Yield: 1909: 300 M per Kux. 1910: 400M per Kux. 1911: 300 M per Kux. 1912: 250 M per Kux.
The shaft construction work
Sinking of the Thuringia I shaft began on April 25, 1905. On February 21, 1906, the main anhydrite was reached at a depth of 265 m. In June 1906 the carnallite deposit was reached at a depth of 339.40 m. The potassium chloride content of the Staßfurt potash seam was 21 to 22% up to a depth of 348.20 m. After an intermediate medium of rock salt, 352.80 m to 387.80 m of carnallitite with an average of 13.9% KCl were drilled. The sinking work was completed at a depth of 420.50 m in the older rock salt. Shaft Thuringia I is walled up to 35.50 m, from there up to 241.41 m in tubbing and from here up to the shaft bottom again in wall. The filling point of the weather bed was set at 350 m depth and the filling point of the main lift bed at 408 m in the older rock salt.
The Thuringia II shaft was set up around 1.4 km south-east of shaft I. It was started on January 13, 1913 in the lower part of the Middle Buntsandstein and penetrated from 50 m to 85 m the uppermost and from 113 m to 195 m the middle of the three Rogenstein zones of the Buntsandstein, which usually occur in the Unstrut area . The water that remained during the sinking, a maximum of 1,400 l / min, was lifted by steam pumps and closed at 232.10 m. At a depth of 275 m, the third Rogenstein zone, presumed to be anhydrous, was cut through in March 1914. Here, however, water inflows reached a size of up to 1000 l / min. Since the pumps were already removed, this inflow could not be controlled. The sinking work had to be stopped and was not resumed due to the economic effects of the First World War .
The shaft had a diameter of 5.00 m and had the following construction: Up to 32.70 m depth of masonry; from 32.70 m to 230.10 m depth of segment lining ; from 230.10 m to 265.00 m depth of masonry; 265.00 m to 275.00 m depth, provisional timber construction. The water level in the shaft was around 90 m. After the decommissioning declaration was submitted, it was capped in 1934 . In the period from 1960 to 1963, water was taken from the shaft for flushing boreholes of the former VEB Mansfeld-Kombinat Wilhelm Pieck .
Removal and installation, dismantling and relocation processes
The deposit was extracted via the Thuringia I shaft, which was simultaneously the incoming and outgoing weather shaft. There was no connection to the water-filled Thuringia II sinkhole. The deposit was explored through drilling, drilling and mining. The 408 m level served as the main lift level; there were also a total of eight midsoles. In the south, west and northwest of shaft I, the deposit is bounded by the leaching edge of the potash deposit. The main object of extraction was the carnallite from the Staßfurt potash seam. Chamber construction was used as the dismantling process. Depending on the thickness of the camp, two to three soles were placed on top of each other. The height of a chamber was usually 2.50 m. Then the chamber was broken up to the next level and the empty lower part of the excavation chamber was moved by hand. The final dismantling heights were usually 7 m, sometimes up to a maximum of 11 m. The length of a mining chamber was also dependent on the formation of the potash storage facility; however, it never exceeded 100 m. Piers were left between the individual excavation chambers. The potash salt extracted was hand-hauled and partly fed to the main floor via brake mountains .
Hard salt occurred in two separate lenses of small dimensions and thicknesses of 2.5 m to 3.0 m north and northeast of shaft I. It was obtained from mines 1 to 10 of the 350 m level and mines 1 to 9 of the 357 m level. Carnallitite was extracted east of Shaft I up to the 412 m level. The furthest south-eastern mine workings on the 408 m level were driven up to about 300 m from the starting point of the Thuringia II shaft. The width of the mine field is about 600 m. In an east-west direction, it extends over a length of around 1,400 m. With a few exceptions, all chambers in the mine field were relocated to heights of more than 2.5 m. Mines were also moved to heading heights that are close to the salt level or safety pillars. The backfill was presumably placed in the burrows via the upper level by hand. Rock salt from drifts and driveways as well as factory residues were used as backfill.
An approximate calculation of the cavity using the existing crack work resulted in the following values:
- Pit cavity in total: 730,000 m³, of which offset: 450,000 m. 3
- Still open cavity: Mining: 120,000 m³, distances: 160,000 m. 3
After the Thuringia mine was shut down, an open pit cavity of around 280,000 m³ remained.
Manufacturing processing
| year | Potassium chloride | Potash fertilizer | Sulfur. Potash | Potash magnesia | Fertilizer salts | Cainite | Carnallite | total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1908 | 29017 | 2318 | - | - | 23824 | 53301 | 4262 | 112722 |
| 1909 | 20728 | 1615 | - | - | 28521 | 53180 | 5528 | 109572 |
| 1910 | 29137 | 2748 | - | - | 39675 | 22162 | 6389 | 100061 |
| 1911 | 27232 | 2584 | 22355 | 2553 | 21791 | 18343 | 4621 | 99479 |
| 1912 | 35230 | 1976 | 17550 | 3941 | 24609 | 14th | 250 | 83570 |
| 1913 | 17933 | 1444 | 21656 | 2352 | 19039 | - | - | 62404 |
| 1914 | 11824 | 1824 | 6286 | 2451 | 24801 | - | - | 47186 |
| 1915 | 2119 | 1900 | 507 | 6049 | 17956 | - | - | 28531 |
| 1916 | 7378 | 1862 | 8th | 376 | 43631 | - | 216 | 53471 |
| 1917 | 14924 | - | 3841 | 2889 | 35032 | - | 178 | 56864 |
| 1918 | 41386 | 2584 | 2257 | 1980 | 2850 | - | 4283 | 55340 |
| 1919 | 36828 | - | 2116 | 818 | 4179 | 1406 | 581 | 45928 |
| 1920 | 37381 | - | 3345 | 1990 | 16706 | 1697 | 704 | 61823 |
| 1921 | 13288 | - | 1294 | 219 | 16329 | - | 121 | 31251 |
The closure of the potash works
At the beginning of the 20th century, drilling activities in Germany experienced a real boom after the search for salt and hard coal deposits . The technical and technological improvements of the drilling rigs - at that time it was z. For example, it is already possible to extract complete drill cores in saline rock strata using diamond drill bits - and the financial willingness of the banking industry to grant appropriate loans for the search and exploration of new deposits, ultimately led to the acquisition of new deposit fields via requests for advice . These could then be resold at a high profit or they were used to obtain new participation quotas within the potash indicator (so-called quota shafts) . Due to the overall geological and deposit economic situation, which was already known before the start of the sinking of the Thuringia I shaft, the construction of the Thuringia potash plant could be attributed to the latter intention.
In order to prevent the proliferation of new potash works (as well as coal mines) and thus overproduction, the Prussian state parliament decided at the request of MP Karl von Gamp-Massaunen u. a. the "Law, regarding the amendment of the General Mining Act of June 24, 1865/1892, of July 5, 1905 (GBS 265)", so called "Lex Gamp".
It initially led to a temporary ban on speculation of potash salts and hard coal for two years. This meant that only the state could acquire mining property. The latter was able to transfer it to third parties in the form of a time-limited real extraction right. The "Lex Gamp" was the beginning of further state interventions to avoid the formation of monopoly up to the regulation of prices and the overproduction caused by the excessive increase in potash mines. The latter was also served by the so-called decommissioning ordinance of October 22, 1921.
In § 83a of this ordinance it says (here in the 1st paragraph of § 83a, applicable to Shaft Thuringia I ):
“A change in the conditions that are decisive for the assessment will not affect the continued existence and the amount of participation in those plants until December 31, 1953, which will be voluntarily shut down up to this point in time. An irrevocable declaration to this effect must be submitted to the potash inspection office by April 1, 1923 (extended to December 31, 1926). Taking into account the economic circumstances, in particular the salt reserves, this determines the point in time by which the shutdown must be carried out; an extension of this period beyond April 1, 1924 is not permitted. A shutdown within the meaning of this paragraph requires that any extraction of usable minerals from the shutdown shaft ceases. Exceptions can only be granted by the Reich Minister of Economics after hearing the Reichskalirat and the potash inspection office. "
In § 83e it says: (here in the 2nd paragraph of § 83e, applicable to the Thuringia II shaft ):
"For a shaft for which a participation figure has not yet been set, but whose proportions allow the completion of a potash plant to be expected with certainty depending on the storage conditions and the costs incurred and still to be incurred or the depth reached, the owner can allocate one up to December 31, 1953, if he undertakes to refrain from any exploitation of the associated fields by December 31, 1953. The participation figure is to be determined by the potash inspection body, taking appropriate account of the appropriate expenditures made for the construction of the shaft as well as the daily facilities required for the shafts and the processing of the salts, along with interest and the geological conditions and the information provided by mining or drilling. "
On September 20, 1921, has been promoting set and the shafts according to §§ 83a and 83e closed by December 31, 1953rd The two shaft tubes were secured with covers.
Current condition
After 1945 the mine was declared property of the people; In 1953 it was taken over by VEB Kaliwerk "Heinrich Rau" Roßleben in legal ownership. When the GDR's safekeeping order was issued on October 10, 1971, the Halle District Council was responsible for a large number of old potash pits, so-called “pits for old mining without legal successors”; thus also for the old potash shafts Thuringia I and II.
In 1978 the bottom of the shaft in the Thuringia II shaft was plumbed at 4.08 m below sea level . The water level was 80.80 m below the floor. Even a water sample from a depth of 223.13 m showed an insignificant salinity (all values in g / l: CaSO 4 = 0.41, MgSO 4 = 0.12, MgCl 2 = 0.09, NaCl = 0.30) .
The shaft area in 2008
Shaft cover, Thuringia I shaft
Shaft cover, Thuringia II shaft
Ruin of the potassium chlorine factory in 2008
With the accession of the GDR to the scope of the Basic Law , these disused shafts were also regarded as "disused facilities of a mining operation for which a legal successor does not exist or can no longer be determined". Instead of the councils of the districts, the respective state governments acted until the relevant regulatory authority regulations were issued (Thuringian law on the guarantee of public safety and order in objects of old mining and in underground cavities). Thus, up to now this decommissioned mine has been the responsibility of the Thuringian State Mining Office with regard to the duty of care for the purpose of averting danger (see also “Guide to safekeeping day shafts”). In order to ensure public safety , the Thuringia I and II shafts have now been stored and secured by a cover (see photos above). The shaft areas are secured against unauthorized entry by means of a chain link fence.
literature
- Lobert, Schwarzer Nagel: Analysis of mining damage of the pits of the Thuringia 1 and 2 union in Heygendorf, Artern-Rossleben district, in August 1970 . Archive of the LAGB Saxony-Anhalt, archive no. 922.5D.
- J. Mossner (Hrsg.): Handbook of the potash mines, salt pans and deep drilling companies . Finanz-Verlag, Berlin 1936.
- Yearbooks of the German brown coal, hard coal and potash industry " . Wilhelm Knapp publisher, Halle / Saale.
- o. V .: Handbook of the potash mines, salt pans and deep drilling companies 1924-25 . Finanz-Verlag, Berlin.
- G. Pinzke ,: Expert opinion on the assessment of the mining and public safety of selected potash pits without legal successors in the territory of the Halle district . Council of the District of Schwerin, Dept. Geology 1979, Archives of the LAGB Saxony-Anhalt.
- Author collective: Kali in the Südharz-Unstrut-Revier . In: Publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum, No. 116, Bochum 2003, ISBN 3-937203-00-1 .
- E. Loock: Disused shafts - a problem for the potash industry . In: Freiberger Forschungshefte , series A 136, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1960.
- J. Löffler: The potash and rock salt deposits of the Zechstein in the GDR. Part III: Saxony-Anhalt . In: Freiberger Forschungshefte , C 97 / III, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1962.
Web links
- "Thuringia" Heygendorf potash plant . In: Kyffhauser news
- Heygendorf . City of Artern
- Photo gallery
Individual evidence
- ↑ Excerpt from the old sheet of measuring table Ziegelroda No. 4634
- ↑ For the qualitative and quantitative calculation of the various potash salts, their fictitious K 2 O content is used as a basis: 100% KCl = 63.17% K 2 O; 100% K 2 SO 4 = 54.05% K 2 O.
- ↑ Province of Saxony (1820–1914) (PDF; 29 kB)
- ↑ Excursion in the catchment area of the Middle Saale with the tributaries Ilm and Unstrut
- ↑ Disturbances in the Kyffhäuser Mountains ( Free University of Berlin )
- ↑ steam boiler . In: Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon 1894–1896, Volume 4, p. 726.
- ↑ On the development of mining law in the western part of the Prussian state
- ^ Adolf Arndt: General Mining Law for the Prussian States , p. 284 ( online at the Max Planck Institute for European Legal History )
- ^ Harm Peter Westermann , Dieter Eickmann, Karl-Heinz Gursky : Property law. A textbook , p. 76 ( online in Google book search)
- ^ "Ordinance on the amendment of the regulations for the implementation of the law on the regulation of the potash industry of July 18, 1919", Reichs-Gesetzbl. P. 663
- ^ Yearbook of Public Law of the Present , p. 207 ( online in the Google book search)
- ↑ GDR GBl. II No. 73
- ↑ Order on the safekeeping of underground mining facilities (safekeeping order) (PDF; 48 kB)
- ↑ Thuringian law on the guarantee of public safety and order in objects of the old mining and in underground cavities ( Memento of the original from April 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 17 kB) Thuringian old mining and underground cavities law - (ThürABbUHG) of May 23, 2001 published in ThürGVBl No. 4 of May 31, 2001, p. 41, as amended by the Thuringian law to adapt Authorities in the mining administration dated December 3rd, 2002 (GVBl p. 430, 431)
- ↑ Guide for the safekeeping of day shafts in Thuringia ( Memento of the original from April 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 616 kB)
