Lausenbach (Great Röder)
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Lausenbach Lausabach |
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 The Lausenbach in its floodplain |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 538436 | |
| location | Dresden and the district of Bautzen , Saxony , Germany | |
| River system | Elbe | |
| Drain over | Große Röder → Schwarze Elster → Elbe → North Sea | |
| source | Mill pond in Lausa 51 ° 9 ′ 4 ″ N , 13 ° 48 ′ 27 ″ E |
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| Source height | 182 m above sea level NN | |
| muzzle | north of Hermsdorf in the Große Röder Coordinates: 51 ° 10 '18 " N , 13 ° 48' 54" E 51 ° 10 '18 " N , 13 ° 48' 54" E |
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| Mouth height | 161 m above sea level NN | |
| Height difference | 21 m | |
| Bottom slope | 6.8 ‰ | |
| length | 3.1 km | |
| Catchment area | 19.1 km² | |
| Left tributaries | Schelsbach | |
| Big cities | Dresden | |
| Communities | Ottendorf-Okrilla | |
The Lausenbach , also Lausabach , is a left tributary of the Große Röder in Saxony . It arises in the north of Dresden from three source streams, flows through several ponds and flows four kilometers into the Ottendorf-Okrillaer district of Hermsdorf . The Lausenbach is the main body of water in the village of Weixdorf in the north of Dresden and plays an important role in draining the airport .
course
The Lausenbach officially begins at an altitude of 182 m above sea level. NN as the outflow of the mill pond, which is located in Lausa , part of the village of Weixdorf in the north of Dresden . The brook is a good 3 km long and flows roughly to the north within the Radeberger Land , i.e. at right angles to the Elbe , whose valley begins just a few kilometers further south and from which it is distant. Its water therefore only flows into the Elbe at Lutherstadt Wittenberg . In some cases, the short and actually nameless streams between the individual Lausa ponds above the Mühlteich are also included in the Lausenbach. This concerns the sections between the large and the upper middle pond, the upper and lower middle pond and the lower middle pond and the mill pond, all of which are located immediately west of Friedersdorf in a flat Muldental valley . In this case, the total length of the stream is 4 km. Of this, the Lausenbach runs about halfway on Lausaer Flur, and then to 178 m above sea level. NN at the level of the former Lausenbachmühle to change to the Hermsdorf district.
In Hermsdorf, it flows through a sole valley up to 80 m wide and finally reaches the valley of the Großer Röder in the center of Hermsdorf. The Lausen stream flows here are 500 m on the left edge of the valley parallel to its outfall and ends shortly after he was bypassed by the road "An der Leite" last time, right under the motorway bridge of the A 4 to about 161 m above sea level. NN in the Große Röder. Its gradient is therefore around 21 m over 3 km. In large parts of its course, the Lausenbach is followed by the Königsbrücker Landstrasse, which in Hermsdorf is called Dresdner Strasse. If you add its longest source stream, the Flössert- or Ruhlandgraben, the total length is about 8 km. The area of the Lausenbach catchment area, which is mostly located in Dresden, amounts to 19.1 km².
geomorphology
Preglacial
A theory of geologists of Freiberg , according to the Elbe was flowing before the end of the Cretaceous lying temporal beginning of the emergence of the Lusatian Fault on Dresden Klotzsche and Ottendorf-Okrilla, where there are rich deposits of Elbsanden, further north. In the area of this so-called Senftenberger Elblauf , the Lausenbach can be found today. The uplift of the Lusatian plate and the simultaneous relative lowering of the Elbe valley gave rise to the Lusatian Fault , which is followed by extensive deposits of Lusatian granodiorite to the north under the river gravel , which the Lausenbach also breaks through in its lower reaches between Lausa and Hermsdorf.
Postglacial
The catchment area of the Lausenbach, especially the upper reaches, is characterized by a thick layer of sand and gravel . It was created during the Elster Ice Age and consists of fluvial sediments from the meltwater that flowed south from the glaciers of that time. In the area of the Elbe valley they flowed into the Elbe, which at that time formed a large natural reservoir here. As a result, a mighty alluvial cone was gradually raised . The creeks of the Lausenbach catchment area flow on its sand deposits and therefore naturally have a sandy bed.
After the end of the Ice Age, the Prießnitz dug itself into the deposits of this inland delta . At first it was not tributary to the Elbe, but continued to flow in a north-westerly direction via Klotzsche to Radeburg in the Große Röder. It either created the Lausenbach valley or ran a little further west in what is now the Promnitz valley , which is also more likely. After it had been tapped from the side at the Prießnitz bend by a tributary of the Elbe , the course of the Prießnitz was diverted to the south. The former lower course was now dry and was only gradually filled with water by the former Prießnitz tributaries from this area. From this a new stream was created, which continued to use the existing valley and flowed to the Großer Röder. This is either the Promnitz or the Lausenbach.
Due to the low gradient of the site at Lausenbach, its deep erosion is quite low. The stream runs in flat hollows or low bottom valleys.
Spring streams
The Lausenbach arises from three brooks that unite in the area of the large pond. The longest of them is the Flössert or Ruhlandgraben, which comes from Klotzsche. The other two are called Försterbach and Seifzerbach. The Ruhlandgraben and Seifzerbach, like the Schelsbach, which later joins the Lausenbach, and the Promnitz play an important role in draining the Dresden airport . This is located at about 225 m above sea level. NN located plateau. The rainwater that falls on its 90 hectares of sealed surfaces is discharged into the aforementioned surrounding streams, three of which finally flow into the Lausenbach. This increases the risk of flooding. The pollution caused by the airport also impaired water quality.
Flössert- and Ruhlandgraben
The Flössertgraben begins on the east side of the airport. It flows in the vicinity of the street named after him "Am Flössertgraben" in an easterly direction and passes, albeit in large sections in tunnels, the new development areas Göhrener Weg and Theodor-Fontane-Straße, where it returns partly as a result of plans made in 1997 has been disclosed. At about the level of Grenzstrasse, it crosses under the Königsbrücker Landstrasse. Even before it is bridged by the Dresden-Klotzsche-Dresden Airport railway line , the Flössertgraben joins the Ruhlandgraben, which comes from the west in the direction of the “Am Kraftwerk” road and which flows roughly parallel to the said S-Bahn line and which canalised to a large extent has been. Another tributary that came from the direction of today's Silbersee near Klotzsche used to flow here.
From here on, the unified body of water, now called Ruhlandgraben, flows in a northeastern direction for 2 km through the northwestern Dresden Heath . The extremely flat, almost flat valley basin of the brook is characterized by a system of branching and confluent side ditches , some of which merge into waterlogged areas with wet meadows . In order to improve the water structure quality, measures to demolish fortifications, to rehabilitate or to renaturate were carried out after 2000 in particular through compensation and replacement measures on the Ruhlandgraben over a length of 1650 m . This was mainly done by installing small river loops and artificial impoundments to slow down the already very low flow velocity and to create as diverse habitats as possible, as well as by exposing piped or otherwise sealed sections. In the immediate vicinity of its confluence with the large pond, the Ruhlandgraben joins the Försterbach coming from the right. With a length of 4 km, the Flössertgraben-Ruhlandgraben system is the longest source stream in the Lausenbach.
Foersterbach
Coming from the direction of Heidehof , the almost 2 km long Försterbach initially flows roughly from south to north and finally bends to the west. On its way through the Sauerbusch , it takes in several small streams and ditches that also arise on the Langebrück corridor - including the Grenzgraben, which forms the border between the Lausa and Langebrück districts, and the Nassen Graben. In earlier times it flowed directly into the large pond, but was moved a little to the south for the last 100 m of its course in the area of the recreation center at Waldbad Weixdorf and thus initially unites with the Ruhlandgraben, which usually has a little more water at this point leads.
Seifzerbach
The approximately 2 km long Seifzerbach, also known as the Seifenbach, flows through the south of the Weixdorf district . Its source area has been built over and completely redesigned by the Klotzsche industrial area . As a result, the stream only begins today in the former Seifzerteich, formerly also known as “Seufzens Teich”, to the east. This pond was created in the early 16th century and mentioned as "Weicksdorff pond". In 1837 it was drained again and seven years later the landlord sold its corridors to a local farmer who used them as fields and pastures. Its 5 m wide and 3 m high dam, which is crowned by old pedunculate oaks and pines , largely still exists, but has been removed on the sides. Immediately above the dam there is still a waterlogged area today. In the Fuchsberg settlement there are Seifzerteichstraße and Am Seifzerbach. In its further course, the Seifzerbach crosses a very flat valley and the sports grounds of the SG Weixdorf . It also flows into the large pond a few meters west of the confluence of the Ruhlandgraben.
Lausa ponds
Towards the end of the 15th century , an extensive pond construction program started in Saxony to improve flood protection and at the same time expand fish farming. During this time and at the beginning of the 16th century, many of the Moritzburg ponds were created , for example the large pond and the Dippelsdorfer pond . Most of the ponds in Weixdorf also owe their existence to this program. Many dams were built by a decree of Duke George the Bearded . This happened as compulsory labor for Georg von Carlowitz , who owned the manor in Hermsdorf and thus also exercised the manorial rule in Weixdorf and Lausa .
The largest dam construction project was the large pond dam. It is 250 m long and 12 m high, the water level of the large pond could be regulated up to a height of 7 m. The dam is 10 to 18 m wide at the crown and 45 m wide at the bottom. The large pond built up by him, which lies on the northern edge of the former Hermsdorfer Rittergutswald and is the uppermost of the Lausa ponds, was already noted in the records of the heather cartographer Matthias Oeder from 1589 and reached an area of up to 65 ha, with 50 ha being normal. Its historic southern shoreline lives on roughly along the boundary between the Dresdner Heide and Lausa. When the pond still existed in its earlier dimensions, this was the boundary between the sovereign property and the Hermsdorf manor , which is reminiscent of a boundary stone that still exists with the inscription "RH".
In 1846 the large pond was lowered to about half the height. The Waldbad Weixdorf with its bathing and boat operations has existed on its new banks, which have now been fortified, since 1906 . A history and nature trail with around 20 stations, which was set up in the GDR era and renewed in 2000, leads in a wide arc around the pond. Further down, the Upper and Lower Middle Pond and the Mühlteich follow in quick succession. The Lausa ponds were primarily used by the Weixdorf community for fish farming . Here we took Carp approach. On the banks of the ponds and partly on the dams there is a noticeably old stock of trees with several trees that are under nature conservation , including pines, willows and alders .
Tributaries
With a length of 3 km, the Schelsbach is the longest brook that flows into the Lausenbach, apart from its source brooks. It flows from west to east and forms the boundary between Gomlitz and Weixdorf from the A4 motorway . Its origin is in the LSG Moritzburger Kleinkuppenlandschaft , which it flows through on the first half of its course. Within this landscape protection area , it also passes the Schelsteich area natural monument , which was designated in 1995. It is 2.3 hectares and is located south of the stream in the Weixdorf district. The Schelsteich is an amphibian spawning water with a natural reed and wood border and is located northeast of the airport area. The original plan to dry out the meadows in the Schelsaue, including the pond, was changed at that time.
In order to improve the water structure quality, measures to demolish fortifications, to rehabilitate or to renaturalize were carried out after 2000 in particular through compensation and replacement measures on the Schelsbach over a length of 690 m. The Schelsbach flows from the Auenweg directly between the historic centers of Weixdorf and Gomlitz through to Lausa. Here it flows northeast of the parish pond into the Lausenbach - about 400 m below its outflow from the mill pond.
Approximately opposite the confluence of the Schelsbach in the Lausenbach is the confluence of a trickle that runs between the mountain settlement and the Radeberger Weg. Another Lausenbach tributary is the brook, which comes from the Promigberg industrial estate in the north of Lausa and flows into the Lausenbach from the left at the Lausenbachmühle.
Flood
The Lausenbach, with its shallow Muldental valley, is one of those Dresden streams where high water events lead to extensive flooding. This has happened several times in the past. Excessive water levels are usually caused by sudden extreme thaws or local heavy rain in the unmountain and, at 19 km², quite manageable catchment area of the brook . The flood documented so far, with the most serious consequences, occurred in 1958. At that time, all tributaries of the Lausenbach overflowed their banks. This had a particular effect on the large pond, where the high dam and the drainage that was too small resulted in a backwater. The level of the pond therefore rose to around 2.50 m above normal water level. The width of the large pond tripled, the length was doubled by the backwater. The large pond thus reached the dimensions it had up to the middle of the previous century, so that the recreation center at Waldbad Weixdorf with around 100 buildings was almost completely under water. As a result, the effects diminished in the further course of the creek, but damage occurred there too. The next severe floods in 1941, 1938 and 1918 were already significantly lower. All the high water levels of the 20th century are recorded on a forest pool building on the Großteich, which was probably part of an inner-city Elbe pool in the 19th century .
The 2002 flood remained more than a meter below the record high water of 1958 , but it was also momentous. The dams of the lower Lausaer ponds were flooded and properties flooded. When the dam of an airport's own rainwater retention basin on the upper Schelsbach had only recently been completed , the basement, underground car parks and the Königsbrücker Landstrasse were flooded. Forced to act, the responsible authorities initiated the planning and construction of three new flood retention basins as part of the Dresden flood protection system in order to be able to collect rainwater volumes from an HQ 100 (100-year rain event). They should arise at the Ruhlandgraben in Klotzsche, at the Seifzerbach in Weixdorf and at the Schelsbach between Weixdorf and Gomlitz. Furthermore, the large pond is drained in the winter months and serves as an additional flood retention basin. As a result, no damage was caused by the Ruhlandgraben and Seifzerbach during the spring flood of 2006 . The piped Ruhlandgraben was exposed and designed to be natural, the plans for the retention basins at the Ruhlandgraben and the Seifzerbach were not pursued any further because of an inadequate cost-benefit ratio. The plans for a flood retention basin on the Schelsbach had been implemented by 2015.
The state flood center of the Free State of Saxony has been located in the Lausenbach catchment area since 2004. It was set up in the former command building of the Dresden aircraft yard in Klotzsche and is far away from any risk of flooding.
history
Surname
The name Lausenbach is derived from the West Slavic or Old Sorbian name luza = "swamp" or "puddle". Hence the name of the Dresden district Lausa, which is located on the Lausenbach stream. Thus, the name of the stream expresses its location in a damp depression that has only been drained after a long time. Its catchment area was previously just called the Lause . Historically, the stream is related to Laußnitz, 10 km north of Lausa, and the Lausitz region , at the western end of which it is located.
colonization
The Lausenbach area was already settled in the Bronze Age, as various finds from its immediate vicinity confirm. In the Middle Ages it was first the Sorbs who settled here. The place names in its catchment area such as Klotzsche, Lausa and Gomlitz, for example, testify to this. In the course of the eastern settlement , German settlers also came to the Lausenbach, which can be recognized by the place names Weixdorf, Friedersdorf and Hermsdorf. Either in the Sorbian or in the early German period there is said to have been a moated castle in Lausa directly on the Lausenbach, of which, however, nothing has been preserved. The many small ponds that used to be in Lausa, including the four bar ponds, are an indication of this. Only the parish pond next to the Pastor Roller Church remained . Despite the proximity of the former community of Weixdorf to the city of Dresden and its eventual incorporation in 1999, Lausenbach has retained a more village-like or at least settlement character.
Mills
In the course of the brook there were several mills , such as the Felchner mill, after which the mill pond is named, as well as the Lausenbach mill approx. 1 km further north just before the land border of Lausa and Hermsdorf. A mill ditch, which is now dry, led to the latter, the water of which was taken from the Lausenbach on the northern edge of Lausa. The ditch right next to the building is the old location of the mill wheel . Another mill ditch opens at Hermsdorf station ( Dresden-Klotzsche – Straßgräbchen-Bernsdorf line ).
See also
List of bodies of water in Saxony
literature
- Lössnitz and Moritzburg pond landscape (= values of our homeland . Volume 22). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1973.
Web links
- Weixdorf forest pool
- Water profile (PDF; 2.9 MB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lausenbach water profile. (PDF; 2.9 MB) State capital Dresden, 2014, accessed on January 9, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Flood protection concept for rivers on the right bank of the Elbe 1st order - Große Röder, lot 3.2 - HWSK no. 47th final report. 2004, p. 15 (PDF; 1.9 MB)
- ↑ Sedimentology field internship, Ottendorf-Okrilla gravel works , 17. – 21. March 2003, Institute for Geology, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg
- ↑ Stratigraphic table of the Elbe Sandstone Mountains , Saxon State Office for Environment and Geology
- ↑ Mineral raw material quartz: Quartz deposit of our supplier works Laußnitz (formerly Ottendorf-Okrilla) , Euroquarz GmbH, January 2007.
- ↑ Jochen Hild, Ulrich Schammer: An airfield introduces itself: Dresden Airport . In: German Committee for the Prevention of Bird Strikes in Air Traffic (Hrsg.): Vogel und Luftverkehr . Vol. 21, Vol. 2, 2001, pp. 101–109 ( online as PDF ; 128 KB).
- ↑ Water protection on dresden-airport.de ( Memento from October 5, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ History of Bosbad Weixdorf on waldbad-weixdorf.de
- ↑ a b c themed city map, themed area environment, topic historical waters
- ↑ a b Water quality on dresden.de ( Memento from July 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Lausa on dresdner-stadtteile.de
- ↑ Waldbad Weixdorf on dresdner-stadtteile.de
- ↑ Protected areas according to the Nature Conservation Act. (PDF; 331 kB) In: Umweltatlas 06/2014. Environmental Office of the City of Dresden, p. 7 , accessed on January 9, 2018 .
- ↑ Nature conservation in the region: A restored small pond is 5 years old. In: Radeburger Anzeiger - regional no. 16 (2000), p. 12, online as PDF; 145 kB ( Memento from December 13, 2007 in the Internet Archive ).
- ↑ Flood Protection - Waters of the Second Order ( Memento from October 9, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), dresden.de
- ↑ Topic city map , topic area environment, topic flood 2002
- ^ Brühl helps Dresden-Weixdorf ( memento from June 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), news on bruehl-baden.de, August 21, 2002.
- ↑ From the meeting of the local council on May 29th , 2006 : On TOP 3 Presentation of the planning status for the 3 new flood retention basins for Weixdorf , in: Weixdorfer Nachrichten , June 9th, 2006, p. 2 f. (PDF; 453 kB)
- ↑ From the local council meeting on May 21, 2007: on TOP 3: Status of the Schelsbach flood retention basin , in: Weixdorfer Nachrichten June 8, 2007, p. 2 (PDF; 432 kB)
- ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Report on the 2006 flood on dresden.de (PDF)
- ↑ Heiko Weckbrodt: Ruhlandgraben freed from pipe - Klotzscher Bach natured for the good of humans and lizards , in: Dresdner Latest News , August 8, 2013.
- ↑ From the meeting of the local council on March 20 , 2017 : Presentation of the state of affairs "Plan flood prevention (PHD)" - precautionary measures Weixdorf , in: Weixdorfer Nachrichten April 28, 2017, p. 3 (PDF; 2 MB)
- ↑ City builds flood retention basin on the Schelsbach in Weixdorf , press release of the state capital Dresden, August 26, 2014.
- ^ Sylvia Gebauer: Flood protection on the Schelsbach is growing , in: Sächsische Zeitung , February 19, 2015.
- ↑ Weixdorf village on dresden-und-sachsen.de ( Memento from July 29, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )