Lengnau AG

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
AG is the abbreviation for the canton of Aargau in Switzerland and is used to avoid confusion with other entries of the name Lengnauf .
Lengnau
Coat of arms of Lengnau
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : Kanton AargauKanton Aargau Aargau (AG)
District : Zurzachw
BFS no. : 4312i1 f3 f4
Postal code : 5426
Coordinates : 667 101  /  263 687 coordinates: 47 ° 31 '14 "  N , 8 ° 19' 46"  O ; CH1903:  667,101  /  263687
Height : 415  m above sea level M.
Height range : 398–609 m above sea level M.
Area : 12.67  km²
Residents: 2789 (December 31, 2019)
Population density : 220 inhabitants per km²
Proportion of foreigners :
(residents without
citizenship ) 		15.5% (December 31, 2019)
Website: www.lengnau-ag.ch
Lengnau village center

Lengnau village center
Location of the municipality
Klingnauer Stausee Deutschland Kanton Zürich Bezirk Aarau Bezirk Baden Bezirk Brugg Bezirk Laufenburg Bad Zurzach Baldingen AG Böbikon Böttstein Döttingen AG Endingen AG Fisibach Full-Reuenthal Kaiserstuhl AG Klingnau Koblenz AG Leibstadt Lengnau AG Leuggern Mellikon Rekingen Rietheim AG Rümikon Schneisingen Siglistorf Tegerfelden WislikofenMap of Lengnau
About this picture
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Lengnau ( Swiss German : ˈlæŋːˌnæu , Surbtaler Yiddish: ˈlɪŋlə ) is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Aargau . It belongs to the Zurzach district and is located in the Surbtal , around seven kilometers as the crow flies from the border with Germany . In the 18th and 19th centuries, Lengnau and the neighboring village of Endingen were the only places in Switzerland where Jews were allowed to settle.

geography

The municipality is located in the transition zone between the Tabular Jura in the north and the Swiss plateau in the south. The village consists of the districts Oberlengnau and Unterlengnau, whose buildings have now grown together. Both districts are located on the Surb , which flows here in a north-westerly direction. The undulating terrain rises to the Wannenbuck ( 591  m above sea level ) in the north . In the far north, Lengnau has a small share of the Chrüzlibach valley, which flows into the Upper Rhine near Rekingen . In the south are the Gländ ( 609  m above sea level ) and the Hüsliberg ( 605  m above sea level ); both hills are part of the Siggenberg , which forms the natural border with the Limmat Valley . The following hamlets are each two kilometers from the village center: Vogelsang ( 495  m above sea level ) in the north, Himmelrich ( 560  m above sea level ) in the northeast, Husen ( 475  m above sea level ) in the south and Degermoos ( 495  m above sea level ) in the north m above sea level ) in the west.

The area of ​​the municipality is 1267 hectares , of which 477 hectares are forested and 130 hectares are built over. The highest point is at 609 meters on the Gländ, the lowest at 380 meters on the Surb. Neighboring communities are Böbikon in the north, Schneisingen in the east, Ehrendingen in the south-east, Freienwil in the south, Obersiggenthal in the south-west, Endingen in the west and Baldingen in the north-west.

history

Aerial photo from 300 m by Walter Mittelholzer (1922)

Around 2000 years ago there was a Roman estate in Lengnau . Approximately in the 6th century, the settled Alemanni on. Leginwanc was first mentioned in a document in 798, when Count Odalricus from Thurgau donated some land to the St. Gallen monastery. The place name comes from the Old High German (ze demo) lengin wanc and means for the elongated slope. The barons of Lengnau ruled from the middle of the 11th to the middle of the 12th century, nothing of the castle of this ministerial family has survived. The lower jurisdiction was exercised by the Teutonic Knights Coming Beuggen , in the hamlet of Husen by the Johanniterkommende Leuggern . Other important landowners were the monasteries of Einsiedeln , St. Blasien and Wettingen . The blood jurisdiction and sovereignty were in the hands of the Habsburgs .

In 1415 the Swiss conquered Aargau, Lengnau was now part of the Ehrendingen office of the County of Baden , a common rule . Between 1623 and 1633 the Jews were expelled from the Swiss cities and settled in Oberlengnau. Numerous refugees came from the German Reich , where the Thirty Years War raged. From 1678 the Jews also settled in the neighboring village of Endingen . They were directly subordinate to the bailiff in Baden and were not allowed to farm or practice a craft. They earned their living primarily at the internationally important Zurzach trade fair and at the market in Baden. From 1696 they had to buy an expensive protection and umbrella letter every 16 years. From 1776 the right of residence of all Jews in Switzerland was restricted to Endingen and Lengnau. Since they were only allowed to stay in the two villages at night, their radius of action was severely restricted.

In March 1798 the French took Switzerland and proclaimed the Helvetic Republic , Lengnau initially belonged to the short-lived canton of Baden . The new state was soon hated by large sections of the population. This hatred erupted on September 21, 1802 in the so-called "Plum War" against the Jews, who were considered supporters of the new, more liberal order. A horde of more than 800 residents from the neighboring villages attacked Endingen and Lengnau and enriched themselves with the belongings of the defenseless Jews, while the Christian residents were largely unmolested.

Lengnau has belonged to the canton of Aargau since 1803. The Jewish corporation was self-governing and ran its own school. Only with the revised Federal Constitution of 1874 did the Jews receive full equality. As a result, almost all of them moved to the big cities (especially Zurich ), where they found better earning opportunities. As a result, the population of the village fell significantly. From 1875 to 1903 there was what was then the only matzo bakery in Switzerland in the village . Today only a few Jewish residents live in Lengnau, most of them in the Israelite retirement home.

After the opening of the Turgi – Koblenz – Waldshut railway in 1859 and the Dielsdorf – Niederweningen railway in 1891, the Surbtal communities submitted a concession to build a connection between Niederweningen and Döttingen . But the First World War prevented the construction of the Surb Valley Railway and the project was finally written off in 1937. The village has grown rapidly, especially since the early 1960s. The settlement of numerous small and medium-sized businesses and the proximity to the cities of Baden and Zurich have contributed to this.

Attractions

Catholic Church of St. Martin
Lengnau synagogue
Two-door house entrance

The Lengnau synagogue was built between 1845 and 1847 according to plans by Ferdinand Stadler in the neo-Romanesque arched style . Directly opposite the synagogue and like this on a raised platform, stands the Catholic Church of St. Martin, the oldest church in the entire Surb Valley.

The houses typical of Lengnau and Endingen with two adjacent front doors (one for Jews and one for Christians) are the result of discriminatory official decrees. The Jews were prohibited from owning land and real estate. Since they were not allowed to live under one roof with Christians either, two-door houses offered the opportunity to circumvent the ban on cohabitation. The various Jewish buildings in the village are connected to one another by the Endingen-Lengnau Jewish Cultural Trail . The association of the same name emerged from the “double door” mediation project, which began implementing a visitor center in October 2018 with the purchase of a double door house in Lengnau.

coat of arms

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms reads: "In red on green ground striding white horse." The coat of arms first appeared on the municipal seal in 1808. It is said to involve the arms of Kaspar Josef Bucher, who was then mayor was and the tavern "Zum Rössli" operation.

population

The population developed as follows:

year 1799 1850 1900 1930 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Residents 950 1761 1119 1197 1355 1356 1592 1882 2052 2287 2541

On December 31, 2019, 2789 people lived in Lengnau, the proportion of foreigners was 15.5%. In the 2015 census, 49.2% described themselves as Roman Catholic and 19.0% as Reformed ; 31.8% were non-denominational or of other faiths. In the 2000 census, 93.1% said their main language was German , 1.8% Albanian , 1.2% Italian and 0.7% English .

Politics and law

The assembly of those entitled to vote, the municipal assembly , exercises legislative power. The executing authority is the five-member municipal council . He is elected by the people in the majority procedure, his term of office is four years. The parish council leads and represents the parish. To this end, it implements the resolutions of the municipal assembly and the tasks assigned to it by the canton. The Zurzach District Court is the first instance responsible for legal disputes . Lengnau belongs to the XVII (Zurzach) judges' circle.

economy

According to the corporate structure statistics (STATENT) collected in 2015, Lengnau has around 950 jobs, 11% of them in agriculture, 36% in industry and 53% in the service sector. More than half of the working population are commuters and work in the surrounding communities and especially in the Baden region .

traffic

Lengnau is located on Hauptstrasse 17 , which leads from Döttingen through the Surbtal and the Wehntal to Zurich . Three post bus lines open up the village: from Tegerfelden or Endingen to Baden train station and from Döttingen to Niederweningen . There is a connection to the Zurich S-Bahn at Niederweningen station . On weekends, a night bus runs from Baden via the Surbtal and Klingnau to Bad Zurzach .

education

Meeting house (old school)

The community has two kindergartens and four school houses for primary school , secondary school and junior high school . The district school can be attended in Endingen . The closest grammar schools are the Baden Cantonal School and the Wettingen Cantonal School .

Personalities

literature

  • Andreas Steigmeier : Lengnau (AG). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  • Alexandra Binnenkade : ContactZones. Jewish-Christian everyday life in Lengnau, Cologne 2009 (Diss. Basel).
  • Alexandra Binnenkade, Ekaterina Emeliantseva, Svjatoslav Pacholkiv: Familiar and strange at the same time: Judeo-Christian neighborhoods in Warsaw - Lengnau - Lemberg . Preface by Heiko Haumann . Böhlau, Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20177-7 (=  Jewish Modernism, Volume 8).
  • Edith Hunziker, Ralph Weingarten: The synagogues of Lengnau and Endingen and the Jewish cemetery . In: Swiss art guides . tape 771/772 . Society for Swiss Art History , Bern 2005, ISBN 3-85782-771-8 .
  • Anna Rapp: Jewish cultural assets in and from Endingen and Lengnau . Regional culture publishing house, Ubstadt-Weiher 2008, ISBN 978-3-89735-493-7 .
  • Peter Stein: Living and lost Jewish customs, customs yesterday and today, customs here and there, with special consideration of the Swiss Jewish villages of Endingen and Lengnau . Regional culture publishing house, Ubstadt-Weiher 2008, ISBN 978-3-89735-551-4 .

Web links

Commons : Lengnau  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cantonal population statistics 2019. Department of Finance and Resources, Statistics Aargau, March 30, 2020, accessed on April 2, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Cantonal population statistics 2019. Department of Finance and Resources, Statistics Aargau, March 30, 2020, accessed on April 2, 2019 .
  3. ↑ a b Beat Zehnder: The community names of the canton of Aargau . In: Historical Society of the Canton of Aargau (Ed.): Argovia . tape 100 . Verlag Sauerländer, Aarau 1991, ISBN 3-7941-3122-3 , p. 245-247 .
  4. ^ Material linguistic atlas of German-speaking Switzerland.
  5. ^ National map of Switzerland, sheet 1070, Swisstopo.
  6. ↑ Standard area statistics - municipalities according to 4 main areas. Federal Statistical Office , November 26, 2018, accessed on June 15, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Erika Hebeisen: The pogrom of 1802 against the Jewish communities in the Surbtal. Retrieved September 7, 2019 .
  8. ↑ placement project Endingen Lengnau DOUBLE DOOR
  9. ↑ The new center will tell the story of the Aargau Jews. Swiss radio and television , October 30, 2018, accessed October 30, 2018 .
  10. ^ Joseph Galliker, Marcel Giger: Municipal coat of arms of the Canton of Aargau . Lehrmittelverlag des Kantons Aargau, book 2004, ISBN 3-906738-07-8 , p. 200 .
  11. ↑ Population development in the municipalities of the Canton of Aargau since 1850. (Excel) In: Eidg. Volkszählung 2000. Statistics Aargau, 2001, archived from the original on October 8, 2018 ; accessed on June 15, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Resident population by religious affiliation, 2015. (Excel) In: Population and Households, Community Tables 2015. Statistics Aargau, accessed on June 15, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Swiss Federal Census 2000: Economic resident population by main language as well as by districts and municipalities. (Excel) Statistics Aargau, archived from the original on August 12, 2018 ; accessed on June 15, 2019 .
  14. ↑ circles of justice of the peace. Canton of Aargau, accessed on June 15, 2019 .
  15. ↑ Statistics of the corporate structure (STATENT). (Excel, 157 kB) Statistics Aargau, 2016, accessed on June 15, 2019 .