Private

Private in the German Navy

Private is a military rank of the Federal Armed Forces , the Federal Armed Forces , the Swiss Army and former armed forces .

etymology

The term “private” means “to be released [from a service]” or “to be free”. In contrast to common soldiers, the private of earlier armed forces were exempt from standing guard.

armed forces

Private
Rank badge
Rank group	Teams
NATO rank code	OR-2
Rank Army / Air Force	Private
Marine rank	Private
Abbreviation (in lists)	Frozen (G)
Grade	A 3 mA according to BBesO

The rank of private is determined by the Federal President with the order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers on the basis of the Soldiers Act .

Authority to command and positions

In the German Armed Forces, the private is a team rank which, according to the Central Service Regulations (ZDv) A-1420/24 "Ranks and Rank Groups", belongs to the rank group of the teams . Because they belong to the rank group of the crews, privateers can not issue orders to anyone based solely on their rank on the basis of Section 4 (“Superiors relationship on the basis of rank”) of the Superiors Ordinance. Like all team ranks, private individuals cannot declare themselves to be superiors according to § 6 (“Superiors relationship based on own declaration”) of the Superiors Ordinance, even in emergency situations .

As a rule, private individuals have completed basic training and thus learned basic military and service principles. As a rule, the basic training already included the training to become security and guard soldiers , so that privates are classified as guard soldiers . Soldiers in the career of the crews usually undergo special basic training in the rank of private, which is intended for the intended use, and often linked to a course . After completing this training, private members of the crew's career group are employed, for example, as drivers , as infantrymen , as operators of weapons systems (e.g. as gunner of armored vehicles ), as mechanics , or as assistants in staff departments . Due to these and similar positions and their technically mostly narrowly limited areas of responsibility, private individuals can issue orders to all officially or professionally subordinate soldiers in the cases listed in the Supervisor Ordinance and within the limits specified there. As a rule, however, privates are only superiors to a very limited extent when it comes to fulfilling tasks that are strictly defined in terms of their subject matter and time.

See also : Sergeant on duty

Appointment and remuneration

The decisive legal basis for the appointment as private is the Soldier Career Ordinance (SLV) and, in addition, the Central Service Regulation (ZDv) 20/7. Temporary soldiers , voluntary military service and assigned reservists of all careers can be appointed private . Soldiers can be appointed private three months after entering service in the Bundeswehr. The rank designation Gefreiter is the only rank designation of the Bundeswehr that all soldiers use for a certain period of time, regardless of their career and organizational area, if they are not recruited with a higher rank or they are refused promotion to this rank.

Time soldiers in rank Gefreiter after the Bundesbesoldungsgesetz order (BBesO) with 3 A mA remunerated . Instead, those doing voluntary military service and reservists are given military pay according to the Military Pay Act .

Rank badge

Sliding loops for field suit

army

air force

marine

Uniform wearer area

→ Main article : Rank badge of the Bundeswehr

The rank badge for private shows a diagonal stripe on both epaulettes or on the upper sleeves for navy uniform wearers. Because of the similarity in shape, especially in the gold-colored variant for naval uniform wearers, the sloping bar is also jokingly referred to as " fries ".

history

The Bundeswehr introduced the rank when it was founded in 1955 . Until 1996, when the basic military service was shortened to 10 months and the transport times as part of the attractiveness enhancement program, the Bundeswehr was only promoted to corporal after six months. In combat companies in particular, soldiers also retired as corporals in the reserve . Promotion to corporal or corporal was not compulsory. In the meantime, promotion to corporal takes place after three months and promotion to corporal after six months. As a consequence, the historically outstanding importance of the private as a team rank entrusted with special tasks has been transferred to the ranks from the main corporal upwards.

Equivalent, subordinate and superior ranks

Army , air force and naval uniform bearers lead the rank of private . In the armed forces of NATO , the private is equivalent to all ranks with the NATO rank code OR-2.

In the category of teams Corporal according ZDv 07.20 over the lower-ranking soldier (Soldier is not a rank, but the collective name for a number of rank names for the lowest-ranking soldiers of the Bundeswehr) and the higher-ranking corporal classified.

Team rank
Lower rank		Higher rank
Grenadier, hunter, tank gunner, tank grenadier, tank destroyer, gunner, tank gunner, pioneer, tank engineer, radio operator, tank radio operator, rifleman, aviator, medical soldier, sailor	Private	Corporal
Rank group : Teams-NCOs-NCO-NCOs-Lieutenant-Captains-Staff officers-Generals See also : Ranks  and Rank Badges of the Bundeswehr

Austrian Armed Forces

Austrian Armed Forces - Private -
Suit 75/03 | Skirt collar | Plate cap
Rank group	Batches
NATO rank code	OR-2
Rank Army / Air Force	Private
Marine rank	none
Abbreviation (in lists)	Gfr
Grade	...

In the Austrian Armed Forces, the private is one of the batch ranks (employment group MZCh). There is the possibility of being promoted to private while still serving in the military. Basic military servants who have shown themselves to be particularly committed can receive this rank (usually after the fifth month, before the shortened military service it was after the 7th month). However, it depends on the respective unit whether this promotion is actually carried out during basic military service. In general, the rule applies that a promotion to private is only to be carried out according to strict standards, in order to "prevent widespread distribution of [this] rank".
The badge shows a stylized alpine edelweiss , an alpine flower that can be found in higher mountain regions and is traditionally of symbolic importance in many areas in Austria.

Soldiers who are training to be NCOs (HUAK) or officers (EF) wear their own version of the rank with a silver-colored crossbar on the upper edge. This is only available for the 75/03 service suit.

Lower rank recruit	Rank private	Senior corporal
Classification: recruits - batches - NCOs - officers All ranks at a glance: Army ranks

Swiss Army

Swiss Army - Private -
Service suit shoulder flap
Rank group	Teams
NATO rank code	OR-2
Rank Army / Air Force	Private
Marine rank	none
Abbreviation (in lists)	Gfr
Grade	CHF 6 per day

In the Swiss Army , the private ( Gfr for short ) is a team rank that qualifies as a deputy group leader. In contrast to other armies, a soldier does not automatically become a private after a few months of service. The degree can be awarded to soldiers who, for. B. demonstrate high competence in handling the entrusted technical resources or have other skills that justify the degree. The company commander can carry out a promotion to private in a refresher course (WK). The private gets a higher pay (6 instead of 5 CHF per day), the rank badge shows two diagonal bars.

In foreign assignments he is referred to as Private or Private E-2 (Pte). NATO rank code : OR-2. A mix-up with the corporal of the German Bundeswehr is possible.

Lower grade soldier	Crew grade private	Higher level corporal
Classification: crews - NCOs - higher NCOs - subaltern officers - captains - staff officers - higher staff officers - commander in chief of the army All degrees at a glance: degrees of the Swiss Army

National Peoples Army

In the NVA and the border troops of the GDR , the private was the second lowest rank of the men . The equivalent rank of the People's Navy was the senior seaman. The standing time before being promoted to the next higher rank was up to a year and was usually reserved for soldiers serving longer.

Private
Mot Rifleman

Senior Seaman

Rank
lower: soldier	Private (chief seaman )	higher: Corporal

See also : Ranks of the National People's Army

Wehrmacht

In the Wehrmacht, the private or the sailor corporal was also a rank of the team.

Private (OR2) Army, Air Force and Navy

Private Army

Private Lw

Private corporal

Badge of rank until 1945

Rank
lower: senior soldier	Private (Corporal Sailor)	higher: Corporal

See also : Ranks of the Wehrmacht  and NS ranks

Reichswehr

The Reichswehr brought from 1919, due out by longer working hours and greater specialization, more enlisted men. For soldiers who could have become non-commissioned officers after qualification, training and service time, but for whom no corresponding post was available - according to the requirements of Versailles, teams / non-commissioned officers had to commit to 12 years of service and occupied promotional posts for just as long - were "intermediate ranks" created in order to be able to promote and motivate them in a certain way. The result was an informal "private career": In addition to the new army rank senior soldier (1920, he now corresponded to the senior seaman; the Reichsmarine received the new rank sailor corporal), corporal corporal (1919, corporal sailor) and corporal (1927, corporal sailor) were generally introduced and later also by retained by the Wehrmacht . In the navy, career titles such as sailor , radio and machine were put in front. The appointment as private or sailor corporal was not mandatory. If qualified, it took place after one year at the earliest, that of senior soldier (chief rifleman , chief gunner etc.) after six months.

Armed forces of the German Empire

Prussian sergeant button

In the Prussian Army , the rank was also introduced for the cavalry from 1807 and, with the exception of the Corporal of the foot artillery (since 1846 and 1859), remained the only team rank in the Prussian or German army until 1918 . The external badge had been a scaled-down version of the sergeant's button since 1853, which the Corporal, which had been abolished in the same year (and reintroduced in 1859) had worn. This is how the term button soldier came about in soldiers' jargon .

In the Imperial Navy , the rank of corporal corresponded to the senior seaman ( senior heater , senior signal guest , senior medical guest etc.); The badge was a yellow corner on the left upper sleeve of the dark blue outer clothing or a blue arm corner on the white outer clothing (jacket, Kiel shirt).

Common Army

In the Austro-Hungarian Army , the title of the private was different according to the type of service: in the hunters and in the cavalry, the patrol leader ranked with him , in the artillery he was the foreman .

Imperial and Imperial Army

In the mercenary armies of the 16th century particularly reliable and experienced soldiers to gefreyten servants appointed. They performed the watch and were used at particularly critical points in combat, but were exempt from certain services such as the watch itself or were used as deputy watchmen.

In the 18th century the private was the first member of a company, each private was the leader of a group .

Trivia

The expression private canned cabbage has the meaning of Otto normal consumer and Max Mustermann in the Bundeswehr . Only the navy uses the counterpart from the seafaring Hein Janmaat .

literature

• Gefreyter. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 10, Leipzig 1735, column 588.

Web links

Wiktionary: Gefreiter  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Remarks

1. ↑ Left: Rank badge on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers of the hunter troop . Middle: Rank badge on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for Air Force uniform wearers. Right: sleeve badge on the shirt, dark blue, of a navy uniform wearer (series of uses from the 1950s Naval Aviation Service)
2. ↑ Active soldiers are usually made private after three months of service . Formally, in the sense of the Soldier Career Ordinance , it is an optional provision . Since there are usually enough permanent positions available and the private rank does not have any other special requirements, promotion to private is only denied in practice in the event of exceptionally poor performance or a gross disciplinary violation . For reservists it applies accordingly that the transport can only take place three months after entering into a corresponding employment relationship. Reservists and active soldiers are treated on an equal footing insofar as reservists are appointed to this rank no earlier than for soldiers who “remained” in a different military service relationship. In this respect, reservists are treated as if they had served in the Bundeswehr without interruption. For reservists, however, the period of service is usually much shorter overall, since only a relatively few days of military service, for example in the form of military exercises, have to be performed before being appointed to a higher rank.
3. ↑ ZDv 20/7 on the basis of Section 44 of the Soldiers ' Career Ordinance ( Ordinance on the Careers of Soldiers (Soldiers' Career Ordinance - SLV) . March 19, 2002, Section 44 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] Newly drafted by Bek. V. 19 August 2011 I 1813. Last amended by Art. 2 Paragraph 5 G of April 8, 2013 I 730). )
4. ↑ For reasons of space, shortened captions. What is meant are army uniforms , air force uniforms and naval uniforms . The hunter-green flat braid shown next to the slip-on loop for army uniforms indicates a soldier in the armored infantry troops , infantry or special forces . In addition to the slip-on loops for the field blouse in the five-color camouflage pattern shown here on the shoulder flaps, there are a number of other types of rank insignia, which are described in more detail in the article → "Rank insignia of the Bundeswehr" .
5. ↑ In the order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers , the sleeve badges are described for naval uniform wearers . For some types of suits for navy uniform wearers , however, according to central service regulation 37/10, diagonal stripes are provided on both epaulettes as for army and air force uniforms .
6. ↑ Compare this with the joking rank designation “ Pommes-General ” for corporal corps .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Keyword. In: www.duden.de/ ( Duden ). Bibliographisches Institut GmbH, 2013, accessed on November 4, 2011 . 
2. ↑ Private . In: Herders Conversations-Lexikon . tape 3 . Herder , Freiburg im Breisgau 1855, p. 34 ( digitized from Zeno.org [accessed November 4, 2014]).
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Hartmut Bagger , Command Staff of the Armed Forces I 3, Federal Ministry of Defense (Ed.): ZDv 37/10. Suit regulations for soldiers in the Bundeswehr . July 1996. Reprint from October 2008. Bonn July 16, 2008, 4 labels, p. 539 ( digitized version [PDF; 3.5 MB ] Reprint October 2008 replaces first edition from July 1996). Digitized version ( memento of the original from September 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
4. ↑ The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): ZDv 14/5. Soldiers Act . DSK AV110100174, change status July 17, 2008. Bonn August 21, 1978, rank designations in the Bundeswehr, p. B 185 (not to be confused with the Law on the Legal Status of Soldiers (Soldiers Law) ).
5. ↑ ^{a b} Agreed English texts. STANAG 2116 . NATO standardization agreement (STANAG) . NATO codes for grades of military personnel. 5th edition. 1992 (English, NATO Rank Codes - 1992 [accessed March 25, 2014]).
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e} The Federal President (Ed.): Order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers . BPresUnifAnO. July 14, 1978 ( gesetze-im-internet.de [PDF] Order of the Federal President on the rank designations and uniforms of soldiers from July 14, 1978 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 1067 ), last amended by Article 1 of the order of 31. May 1996 ( BGBl. I p. 746 ) has been changed).
7. ^ Federal Minister of Defense ; Command Staff of the Armed Forces IV 1 (Ed.): Abbreviations for use in the Bundeswehr - German Abbreviations - ZDv 64/10 . Bonn January 19, 1979 ( ucoz.de [PDF] as of September 17, 1999).
8. ↑ ^{a b} Appendix I (to § 20, paragraph 2, sentence 1) Bundesbesoldungsgesetz orders of A and B . ( Online [accessed on March 25, 2014] Federal salary regulations (BBesO) only apply to professional and temporary soldiers and are an annex to the Federal Salary Act (BBesG)).
9. ↑ The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): Law on the legal status of soldiers (Soldiers Act - SG) . Bonn March 19, 1956, § 4 para. 3 (2) - ( gesetze-im-internet.de [PDF; accessed on March 25, 2014] Newly drafted by notice of May 30, 2005 I 1482. Last amended by Art . 1 G of April 8, 2013 I 730).
10. ↑ ^{a b} The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): ZDv 14/5. Soldiers Act . DSK AV110100174, amendment status July 17, 2008. Bonn August 21, 1978, The Superiors Ordinance, p. A 12 1 (not to be confused with the Ordinance on the Regulation of Military Superiors (Superiors Ordinance - VorgV) ).
11. ↑ Federal Minister of Defense (Ed.): Ordinance on the regulation of the military superior relationship (Superior Ordinance - VorgV) . June 4, 1956, § 4 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] Last amended by Art. 1 No. 2 V of October 7, 1981 I 1129).
12. ↑ Federal Minister of Defense (Ed.): Ordinance on the regulation of the military superior relationship (Superior Ordinance - VorgV) . June 4, 1956, § 6 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] Last amended by Art. 1 No. 2 V of October 7, 1981 I 1129).
13. ↑ Federal Minister of Defense (Ed.): Ordinance on the regulation of the military superior relationship (Superior Ordinance - VorgV) . June 4, 1956 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] last amended by Art. 1 No. 2 V of October 7, 1981 I 1129).
14. ^ Ordinance on the career paths of soldiers (Soldiers' Career Ordinance - SLV) . March 19, 2002 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] revised by notice of August 19, 2011 I 1813. Last amended by Art. 2 Par. 5 G of April 8, 2013 I 730).
15. ↑ Note also: Annex (to § 3). Allocation of the career paths of the soldiers to the career groups of the men and women, the NCOs and the officers
16. ↑ ^{a b} The Federal Minister of Defense ; Personnel, Social and Central Affairs Department (Ed.): ZDv 20/7. Provisions for the transport and for the recruitment, acceptance and admission of soldiers . Bonn March 27, 2002, Art. 635 ( PDF ( memento of October 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed on March 26, 2014] DSK AP210100187, reprint January 2008). [[Central Service Regulations | ZDv]] 20/7. Regulations for the transport and for the recruitment, takeover and admission of soldiers ( memento of the original from October 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
17. ↑ Law on remuneration in cash and in kind for soldiers who do military service on the basis of compulsory military service (Wehrsoldgesetz - WSG). (PDF) In: Laws on the Internet . Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection ; juris GmbH , March 3, 1957, accessed on November 1, 2014 (in the version of the announcement of August 13, 2008 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 1718 ), last amended by Article 2, Paragraph 8 of the law of April 8, 2013 ( Federal Law Gazette . I p. 730 ) has been changed). 
18. ↑ ^{a b} The equivalent, higher and lower ranks are given in accordance with ZDv 14/5 B 185, cf. The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): ZDv 14/5. Soldiers Act . DSK AV110100174, change status July 17, 2008. Bonn August 21, 1978, rank designations in the Bundeswehr, p. B 185 (Not to be confused with the Law on the Legal Status of Soldiers (Soldiers Act) . The order of the ranks shown in the info box does not necessarily correspond to one of the regular rank sequences provided for in the Soldiers' Career Ordinance , nor does it necessarily correspond to the rank hierarchy described in the Superiors Ordinance a managerial relationship ).