The good soldier Schweik

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The good soldier Schwejk is an unfinished, anti-militaristic and satirical picaresque novel by Jaroslav Hašek (1883–1923). The original Czech title of the book is: Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka za světové války (The Fate of the Good Soldier Schwejk during the World War) , written 1920–1923. Schwejk ( Czech Švejk ) is a typical Prague character who makes his way through life with cunning and wit and tries to avoid the war with chutzpah as a soldier in the Austro-Hungarian army in the First World War .

Creation of the literary figure

Hašek probably borrowed the name of his good soldier from a member of the Imperial Council of the Czech Farmers' Party ( Agrarian ), whose name was Josef Švejk, who was known for always voting with the ruling party and for mostly uttering nonsense in his rare statements. The saying "Pan Švejk - něco žvejk" (something like: "Mr. Schwejk just spoke - again wrong again") is said to have been coined on this MP.

In terms of content, the literary figure Josef Schwejk has nothing to do with the presumably eponymous MP. Hašek may have got the idea for the good soldier Schwejk while reading a story that appeared in 1905 in the German satirical weekly Simplicissimus , which was also available in Prague and was widely read by Hašek , and was reprinted in Czech translation in the social democratic Prague daily Právo lidu .

There are four versions of the figure, which changed across different publications:

  • The Plays: The character named Švejk first appears in the first performed in April 1911 piece U bratří Makabejských ( "By the Maccabean brothers" ), which Hašek along with František Langer and other colleagues from the satirical party for moderate progress within the bounds of the law by an idea of ​​his friend Eduard Drobílek . In the same context, other pieces were developed and performed in which a character Švejk should have appeared, especially in the trilogy Pevnost, Pružnost, Tažnost (for example: »Strength, elasticity, elasticity« ).
  • The short stories: From May 1911, the first short stories with Schwejk appeared in the magazine Caricatury . A first anthology was published as The good soldier Schwejk and other strange stories in Prague in 1912. In Germany this volume is also called Urschwejk .
  • The story: A long-neglected preliminary version of the Schweik novel appeared when Hašek was in the service of the Czechoslovak legions : The good soldier Schwejk in captivity , Kiev 1917.
  • The novel: The Adventures of the Good Soldier Schwejk / The Adventures of the Good Soldier Svejk in World War I , Prague 1921–23.

The Schwejk figure in the novel published from 1921 found its way into world literature. It is more complex than its predecessor and contains a lot of autobiography, especially Hašek's experiences as a soldier in World War I: initially as a one-year volunteer in the Imperial and Royal 91st Infantry Regiment in Budweis , which was soon moved to Bruck an der Leitha , “where Hašek die met most of the characters in his only novel. There, as later in his book, there was Captain Sagner, First Lieutenant Rudolf Lukasch, Sergeant Wanek, Major Wenzel etc. (in reality and in Hašek's original Lukáš, Vaněk). As recollections of contemporaries and later research showed, Hašek took over the character traits of these people almost without correction. ”Some traits of Schweik's personality (such as the excessive telling of anecdotes ) are modeled after the officer servant of Lieutenant Rudolf Lukas, František Strašlipka. The fictional character Schwejk also held this position for a while.

During the war, Hašek deserted and defected to the Russians. After the October Revolution he became a commissioner in the political department of the 5th Army of the Red Army and joined the Communist Party . Shortly after his return from Simbirsk in Soviet Russia, he began working on the novel in Prague in early 1921. He wrote the first part in part in taverns, where he read his drafts to the guests and was guided by their judgment. At first, Hašek published the Schwejk in the form of booklets, which he edited himself together with his friend A. Sauer. Only after six months was he able to find a publisher, Adolf Synek. In autumn 1921 Hašek moved to Lipnice , where he worked on Schwejk until his death .

Content of the novel

Schwejk figure by Adam Przybysz in the Polish city of Sanok

First part: In the hinterland

The action begins on the day of the assassination of the heir to the throne Franz Ferdinand . Josef Schwejk, who " quit military service years ago after he was finally declared stupid by the military medical commission and who lived by selling dogs, ugly, bad-bred monsters, whose pedigrees he forged ", went to Prague “Zum Kelch” inn, where he discusses the Sarajevo assassination with the landlord Palivec and the only guest . As it turns out, this guest is the plainclothes policeman Bretschneider, Schwejk and Palivec arrested for highly treasonable statements. The examining magistrate has Schweik's mental state examined; he spends a few days in the madhouse and is shortly afterwards freed again, while Palivec is sentenced to ten years for saying that the flies shit on his image of the emperor.

After a while, Schwejk was called up for military service. Because of his rheumatism he is - or turns out - unable to walk and is in a wheelchair for Assentierung ( screening ) lead. In the garrison hospital, patients - simulators and real sick people - are persuaded by all kinds of abuse to declare themselves healthy and fit for front duty. Schwejk is arrested at the garrison, where Feldkurat Katz becomes aware of him during a sermon. The drunk field curate (" before he received the ordination, he got drunk to the point of unconsciousness in a very decent house with ladies service ") takes Schwejk as a servant. After a number of adventures and alcoholic excesses, the field curate gambled away Schwejk with Lieutenant Lukasch in a card game.

As an officer servant (“cleaning stain” or “pipe lid”), Schwejk assists the lieutenant in the amorous escapades (“ Did she have many wishes? Incidentally six. ”). The happy times come to an end when Lukasch von Schwejk receives a stolen dog as a present. The former owner of the dog, the “ honorable idiot ” Colonel Kraus (“ owner of the predicate: von Zillergut, after some village in Salzburg that its ancestors had eaten in the eighteenth century ”) meets Lieutenant Lukasch with the stolen dog. Lukasch is transferred to the 91st Infantry Regiment in Budweis and is supposed to go to the front with him.

Second part: at the front

On the train from Prague to Budweis, Schwejk applies the emergency brake. In Tábor he misses the train, drinks the fare and therefore has to walk to Ceske Budejovice. On this walk, “Schwejks Budweiser Anabasis ”, he arrives after a few adventures to Putim , where he is mistaken for a spy by the gendarmerie sergeant. Schwejk is delivered by a seriously drunk guard to the Rittmeister in Písek , who sends him back to his regiment in Budweis.

The 91st regiment is transferred to Bruck an der Leitha , whose military camp (today Bruckneudorf ) was then in the Hungarian half of the empire . Schwejk travels in the company of one-year-old volunteer Marek comfortably in the prisoner's car. In Bruck an der Leitha he mistakenly delivers a love letter from Lieutenant Lukasch to the husband of the person he loves, which leads to a wild fight between the Czechs and Hungarians and Schwejk destroys the love letter by eating it.

Third part: the glorious collapse

The third part is about the train journey of the 91st Regiment across Hungary to Sanok in (now Polish) Galicia . Schwejk is now an orderly , his successor as a cleaning stain is the hungry Baloun, who tries to satisfy his constant cravings with the portions intended for Lieutenant Lukasch. Transport is characterized by chaos, inefficiency and long waiting times. In numerous episodes officers and other dignitaries are introduced: The stupid and devious lieutenant Dub; the ambitious Kadett Biegler, who sees himself in a dream as a great hero in front of Budapest, but is only referred to as the "shitty Kadett Biegler" because of his full pants; the "latrine general" (" ... at eight thirty the military shits their way out on the latrine and they go to sleep at nine o'clock. Every enemy flees in horror from such an army. "), and many others.

The 11th Marching Company of the 91st Regiment marches from Sanok towards the front. Schwejk as a quartermaker marches ahead and meets a refugee Russian prisoner of war who is bathing in a pond. Out of curiosity, he puts on the Russian uniform and ends up in Austrian captivity.

Fourth part: continuation of the glorious debacle

After some effort, Schweik succeeds in convincing his guards that he is not Russian. General Fink wants to have him executed immediately as a spy without further ado, but has the 91st Regiment inquired. The pious and honest Feldkurat Martinec tries to give Schwejk spiritual consolation before the execution, but fails completely because Schwejk keeps telling him stories and does not let him have his say. Much to the general's displeasure, there was a telegram that Schweik should be sent back to his company immediately.

When Hašek died, the novel was unfinished; the manuscript ends in the middle of a sentence.

Characteristic

Schweik always makes new friends or makes ridiculous authorities who can neither stand themselves nor others to white-heat. His inexhaustible repertoire of anecdotes , his courage to act and his faithful and stoic composure help him .

With his way of “fulfilling duty”, Schwejk became a model for countless authors, cabaret artists, performers and bon vivants, who made the bureaucracy, the monarchy , the army , war , the hospital or simply “everyday madness” the goal of their satirical pen strokes and language exercises did.

German first edition Volume III 1926

Hašek described in his special language the absurdity of the incitement to war and mobilization in the Danube Monarchy before and after the beginning of the First World War and the mood of most of the "subject peoples" who did not want to fight for the "Emperor and his family" to pull. He does not paint an idyllic picture of the "good old days" in a lovable and cozy Danube monarchy. Instead, he targets the dark side of this time and society, often romanticized in films: bureaucratism, denouncing, dull submissive obedience and the stupid execution of orders. In addition, the resignation, sometimes brutal repression of the Czechs (in a graduated form of the other non-German nationalities of Austria-Hungary) by the German-Austrian ruling class in the state and the army.

However, it should not be overlooked that Hašek presents all of this from his point of view. The majority - including the Czechs - were definitely in favor of the emperor and fatherland when the war broke out.

Throughout history, Schwejk has succeeded time and again in avoiding threatening dangers through natural simplicity and obstinate resourcefulness. In direct dialogue he caricatures deceit, nerdism and prejudice.

Language and style

The stories of Schwejk, which make up a large part of the novel, as well as most of the dialogues are written in everyday Czech , while Hašek uses the written language as the narrator. The colloquial language is characterized by numerous foreign German words, especially for ranks ( obrlajtnant, obršt, kadetštelfrtrétr ) and other military vocabulary ( kopfšus, maršbatalionskanclaj, dráthintrnis etc.). Quite a few sentences and shorter sections are also in the original Czech in German, other languages ​​of the monarchy (Hungarian, Bosnian) are occasionally used, even if - according to Hašek's language skills - not always completely correct.

The large number of quotations is striking: the most varied of texts - the advertising section of a newspaper, patriotic songs, folk songs, saints' songs, army orders and much more - are quoted literally, albeit sometimes a little carelessly.

The illustrations by Josef Ladas

Josef Ladas Schwejk as a sign for a restaurant

Josef Lada has contributed a lot to the popularity of Schwejk with his illustrations: through simple, clear lines, the characteristic features of each person are aptly represented with just a few strokes.

There are several versions of Lada's illustration cycle:

  • The first version is very different from the later ones. She shows Schwejk standing in the middle of a hail of garnets and calmly lighting a pipe. Here Schwejk is much slimmer than in Lada's later illustrations. This version was the only one Hašek knew; he used them for the title page of the first issue in booklets.
  • 1924–1925, Lada published a total of over 550 drawings in the Sunday supplement of the České slovo newspaper . About a third of it illustrates the continuation of Karel Vaněk.
  • A slightly modified selection of these drawings illustrates most of the book editions. The main difference lies in Schwejk's hairstyle: he is now shaved bald from the start.
  • 1953–1954 Lada created a frame colored with watercolors.

Continuation by Karel Vaněk

The journalist and writer Karel Vaněk, who was friends with Hašek, published a two-part sequel to the novel in 1923 under the title "The adventures of the good soldier Schwejk in Russian captivity" (Original: "Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka v ruském zajetí") . Josef Lada took over the illustrations again. The continuation is mostly described as linguistically and stylistically unsuccessful. For political reasons, the circulation of the text in Czechoslovakia was banned from 1951 to 1990.

Fundamental problems of a translation

The Brave Soldat Schwejk is one of the best literary works in world literature not only because of its external form, which is classified in the tradition of the Picaro or picaresque novel. It is above all the inner form and variance of the language of the original that is considered difficult to translate or untranslatable. In addition to the neutral form of the spoken standard language (hovorová čeština), which educated figures and most officers (in addition to German) use (e.g. Lieutenant Lukasch), it is the variant of common Czech (obecná čeština) based on the substandard, with the the anti-hero and the simpler Czech soldiers are linguistically characterized in the original. Common Czech is also the local colloquial language of the Prague citizens of that time. Keeping this contrast invariant in translation is very difficult for objective reasons.

The most important work on the problems of translations into numerous West and South Slavic languages ​​comes from the German Potsdam Slavist of Czech origin Peter Kosta, whose dissertation was entitled Problems of Švejk Translations in West and South Slavic Languages. Linguistic studies on the translation of literary texts (Munich: Sagner, 1986 - Diss.) Has been published as a doctoral thesis at the JW Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main. At the time the dissertation went to press in 1986, this book, which is fundamental to the general theory of translation of literary texts, had 48 translations in various languages ​​of the world, according to Index Translationum, of which Švejk had been translated into all Slavic languages ​​except Lower and Upper Sorbian, Kashubian and Belarusian . Other important works on this come from among others Karel Kosík and Hans Dieter Zimmermann and Antonín Brousek.

reception

Soviet postage stamp from 1983 on the occasion of Jaroslav Hašek's 100th birthday
Schwejk figure in the Polish city of Przemyśl

Czech Republic

After thirteen monuments in Slovakia, Ukraine, Poland and Russia, for example, the first statue in the Czech Republic was unveiled at the end of August 2014. It is in the South Bohemian municipality of Putim , where Schweik is arrested and interrogated as a "Russian spy" on the way to Budweis. The erection of another statue is planned for summer 2017 in Kralupy .

Germany

The translation from Czech of the lower class in Prague caused great problems for many translators. The German translation by Grete Reiner was a brilliant success in 1926 . In doing so, she created the famous “ bohemian ” form of language in literature . Kurt Tucholsky has the Svejk greatly appreciated, translation, however, found "impossible" - presumably the translation was because of their numerous Austriacisms partly difficult for him.

Schwejk was included in the ZEIT library of 100 books .

In 2014, a new translation by Antonín Brousek was published by Reclam Verlag , based on the observation that Švejk does not speak dialect or slang in the original Czech, but grammatically correct colloquial Czech. Antonín Brousek is the son of the poet and literary critic Antonín Brousek, who died in 2013 .

Film adaptations and plays

In 1927, based on the Czech original, a stage version of Jaroslav Hašek's novel “The good soldier Schwejk” was created , which the Saxon satirist Hans Reimann wrote together with the writer Max Brod . Jaroslav Hašek's satirical world war novel achieved great fame in Germany through Erwin Piscator's production on the Berlin Piscator stage . Due to sophisticated stage technology with treadmills, satirical animated film sequences from the pen of George Grosz , an episodic dramaturgy and a style of representation between knock-about and variety , the scenic version developed by Piscator's dramaturgical collective with the participation of Bertolt Brecht became a great stage success. Bertolt Brecht wrote the play Schweyk in the Second World War in 1943 based on Hašek's book, the Reimann-Brod'sche stage version and other texts by the Piscator collective . Independently of this, a stage version by Rudolf Weys was made in Austria .

On March 21, 1955, a stage version of Thaddäus Troll's material was premiered in Vienna . In the midst of the discussion about the rearmament of the Federal Republic, this play was a great success with productions in the comedy in the Marquardt in Stuttgart (71 performances), in the Thalia Theater in Hamburg , in the Apollo Theater in Munich and in numerous other cities. Troll has also created a radio play version that was first broadcast by Bayerischer Rundfunk in 1957 . On behalf of Erwin Piscator , he developed a completely new version for the Freie Volksbühne Berlin in 1965. However, it was not performed because Piscator died in 1966.

An opera version with music by Robert Kurka and a libretto by Abel Meeropol (under the pseudonym Lewis Allan ) premiered in New York in 1958. Pavel Kohout staged his own adaptation of the Schwejk material, first in 1963 in Prague and in 1967 with Valter Taub in the title role at the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg . Further adaptations of the Schwejk material are the play “Urschwejk” by Stefan Schütz from 1988 and the play “Schwejk?” By Werner Fritsch , written for the Linz State Theater , which premiered on February 3, 2003 under the direction of Gerhard Willert.

The Schwejk material has been filmed several times, including by Axel von Ambesser with Heinz Rühmann in the lead role . This version from 1960 is not very true to the original; Hašek's radical criticism of state and church authorities is significantly weakened. Wolfgang Liebeneiner's film adaptation “ Schwejks Flegeljahre ” (1963) with Peter Alexander in the title role was even further removed from the novel . Liebeneiner also directed the 13-part television series " The Adventures of the Good Soldier Schwejk " (1972/76) with Fritz Muliar in the leading role.

In Czechoslovakia , the subject was filmed under the title "Dobrý voják Švejk" in 1926 by Karel Lamač , in 1931 by Martin Frič , in 1955 by Jiří Trnka as a puppet animation , and in 1986 as an animation by Stanislav Látal . As well as 1956 (Part 1 “The good soldier Schwejk in Prague”) and 1957 (Part 2 “Report obediently ...” The good soldier Schwejk) by the Czech film director Karel Steklý as two color films, in the leading role Rudolf Hrušínský senior .

In Switzerland, the political cabaret artist Alfred Rasser used the novel as a model for his character of the Swiss soldier HD Läppli .

There are also audio book versions : a 200-minute recording of a reading in Vienna in May 1986 with Helmut Qualtinger , an eight-part record reading by Franz Kutschera , which was particularly popular in the GDR, and a 563-minute MDR production read by Wolfram Berger from 2017 .

Another audio book version called The Most Beautiful Adventures of the Good Soldier Schweik was recorded by Valter Taub .

Text editions and translations

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Czech

  • Jaroslav Hašek: Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka. 3 volumes, Československý Spisovatel, Praha 1967.

and many issues before and after.

German translations

The first and most important translation into another language was that into German by Grete Reiner -Straschnow (1926), which served as the basis for numerous translations into other languages, e. B. for the first Russian translation (1926, GA Sukkau), but also in 1958 for the translation into Norwegian ( O. Bang-Hansen ). In addition to the German translation by Grete Reiner, the Russian translation by Pyotr Bogatyrjow is one of the best translations ever. In this first German translation, Reiner created an artificial hybrid of Prague Lesser Quarter German and Viennese German. This form of language known as “boehmakeln” became known in the films with the Austrian comedian Fritz Muliar.

The Reiner translation is available as a Rowohlt paperback:

  • Jaroslav Hašek: The adventures of the good soldier Schwejk . Rowohlt, Reinbek near Hamburg (166th – 180th thousand 1970; 246th – 250th thousand 1979, etc.). ISBN 3-499-10409-1 .

In addition to the classic German translation by Grete Reiner, the following translations into German exist:

  • Josef Lada : The adventures of the good soldier Schwejk in pictures (edited by Jan Vrána, translated by Rudolf Feigl). Atria, Praha / Eulenspiegel, Berlin 1961ff; New edition by Bund, Cologne 1983, ISBN 3-7663-0786-X .
  • Jaroslav Hašek: The adventures of the good soldier Švejk in the World War (translated, commented and with an afterword by Antonín Brousek). Reclam, Stuttgart 2014 ISBN 978-3-15-010969-4 . Antonín Brousek's new German translation tries to completely eliminate the “boehmakeln” introduced by Grete Reiner in Schwejk and instead to use a generally neutral German slang. However, this removes the contrast of the original between hovorová and obecná čeština.

English translation

The first complete translation into English by Hašek's biographer Sir Cecil Parrott did not appear until 1973:

  • Jaroslav Hašek: The Good Soldier Švejk and his Fortunes in the World War. London (Penguin) 1974. ISBN 0-14-018274-8 .

Stage processing

  • Erwin Piscator et al .: The adventures of the good soldier Schwejk . In: Herbert Knust (Ed.): Materials on Bertolt Brechts Schweyk in the Second World War, templates (adaptations), variants, fragments, sketches, notes from letters and diaries . : Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1974. pp. 33-113.
  • Squidward Troll: The good soldier Schwejk . Versions from 1955 and 1965 corrected by hand by the author. German Literature Archive, Marbach a. N., accession number 87.65.461.
  • Ulrich Meckler: World War Schwejk . World premiere in the Gallus Theater , Frankfurt 2014

literature

  • Hans-Jürgen Bömelburg : The other subject. "The Adventures of the Good Soldier Schwejk" by Jaroslav Hašek (1921–1923). In: Dirk van Laak (ed.): Literature that wrote history. Göttingen 2011, pp. 182–197. ISBN 978-3-525-30015-2 .
  • Emanuel Frynta: Hašek the creator of Schwejk . Prague: Artia 1965
  • George Grosz: Background: 17 drawings for the performance of “Schwejk” on the Piscator stage . Berlin: Malik-Verlag 1928.
  • Gustav Janouch : Jaroslav Hašek. The father of the good soldier Schweik. Bern and Munich: Francke 1966.
  • Herbert Knust (Ed.): Materials on Bertolt Brechts Schweyk in the Second World War, templates (adaptations), variants, fragments, sketches, letter and diary notes . Frankfurt a. M .: Suhrkamp 1974 (contains Piscators / Brecht's 1928 stage version of The Adventures of the Brave Soldier Schwejk , pp. 33–113).
  • Peter Kosta: Problems with Švejk translations in the West and South Slavic languages. Linguistic studies on the translation of literary texts. Munich: Sagner, 1986 - Diss.
  • Peter Kosta: On the German Švejk translation by Grete Reiner (1926) and its influence on the translations into the various Slavic languages. In: De Hašek à Brecht. Fortune de la Figure de Chvéïk en Europe. Colloque 2004: CERAAC / CESC. Textes réunis by Marie-Odile Thirouin. Institut des langues et de cultures d'Europe et d'Amérique. Université Stendhal-Grenoble 3. (Les Cahiers de l'ILCEA numéro 8/2006), p. 93-107.
  • Peter Kosta: Correspondence types and translation methods in the translation of phraseologisms (based on the West and South Slavic translations of Czech prose). In: Slavistische Linguistik 1985, ed. Renate Rathmayr, Munich: Sagner, 1986, pp. 95-131.
  • Peter Kosta: The complex play on words as a problem in translation theory. In: Slavistische Linguistik 1986, ed. Gerd Freidhof et al., Munich: Sagner, 1987, pp. 125–156 (with Gerd Freidhof).
  • Peter Kosta: Metaphor and Metonymy as Translation Categories. In: Language and cultural contacts in Polish (Festschrift Andre de Vincenz), ed. Gerd Hentschel et al., Munich: Sagner, 1987, pp. 485-515.
  • Peter Kosta: Language change, interference and language mixing in Hašek's Švejk as a translation linguistic problem. In: Jaroslav Hašek 1883–1983, Frankfurt / M .: Lang, 1987, pp. 471–512.
  • Peter Kosta: The literary translation - an art form? On the problem of the so-called “genre shift” when translating a literary text. In: Genres in the Slavic literatures (Festschrift Alfred Rammelmeyer), eds. Hans-Bernd Harder et al., Cologne: Böhlau, 1988, pp. 259-282.
  • Peter Kosta: Language and word game in the "Adventures of the good soldier Svejk" by J. Hašek. Possibilities and limits of the transmission of the polysemic word game in the South Slavic languages. In: Slavistic Studies for the 10th International Slavist Congress, Sofia 1988, ed. Reinhold Olesch et al. Cologne: Böhlau, 1988, pp. 83-96.
  • Peter Kosta: Cultural images and the aesthetic processing of French in the last novels of Milan Kundera and their rendering in Polish, Czech and German: the attempt to determine the function of interlingual invariance / variance based on cultural semantics and discourse analysis . In: Krysztofiak, Maria (ed.), Problems of the culture of translation. Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Vienna, 2010 (Danzig Contributions to German Studies Vol. 33), pp. 129–143.
  • Peter Kosta: Ambiguity and humor in translation. In: Zeitschrift für Slawistik, Volume 58 (2013) Issue 3, 297-324.
  • Frank J. Marlow: Rejstřík Jmenný, Mísní a Věcný ke knize Jaroslava Haška Osudy Dobrého Vojáka Švejka za Světové Války. Toronto: Sixty-Eight Publishers 1985. ISBN 0-88781-162-0
  • Cecil Parrott: Jaroslav Hašek. A Study of Švejk and the Short Stories. London etc .: Cambridge University Press 1982. ISBN 0-521-24352-1 .
  • Pavel Petr: Hašek's “Schwejk” in Germany. Berlin: Rütten & Loening 1963 (New Contributions to Literary Studies, Vol. 19).
  • W. Schamschula (Ed.): Jaroslav Hašek 1883–1983. Proceedings of the First International Hašek-Symposium Bamberg, June 24-27, 1983. Frankfurt etc .: Peter Lang 1989.
  • Wolfgang Fritz Haug: Certain negation: “The stunning consent of the good soldier Schwejk” and other essays. 1st edition; Suhrkamp 1973; ISBN 3-518-00607-X
  • Klaus Wannemacher : I will think about this war for weeks . Comedy in the productions of political theater in the twenties. In: comedy. Aesthetics - Theories - Strategies . Edited by Hilde Haider-Pregler , Brigitte Marschall , Monika Meister , Angelika Beckmann, Patric Blaser. Böhlau, Vienna 2006, ISBN 978-3-205-77434-1 (= Maske and Kothurn. International contributions to theater studies at the University of Vienna , volume 51, issue 4), pp. 423–434.

Web links

Commons : The good soldier Schwejk  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: The good soldier Schwejk  - Sources and full texts (Czech)
Wikisource: Mr. Schwejk, by Kurt Tucholsky, Weltbühne June 8, 1926  - sources and full texts
Wikisource: Schwejk the Second, by Kurt Tucholsky, Weltbühne December 21, 1926  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Willy Prochazka: Satire in Jaroslav Hašek's novel “The Good Soldier Schweik”. Doctoral thesis, New York University, June 1966, p. 87, reports that this description can be read by Jiří Skalička in the literary magazine Nový Život, published monthly from 1949 to 1959 .
  2. ↑ According to Gustav Janouch: Jaroslav Hašek. The father of the good soldier Schweik. Francke-Verlag, Bern, Munich, 1966, p. 250f. the anarchist writer Michal Mareš gave him this information personally. Accordingly, the same MP is said to have been the target of ridicule in several articles in the social democratic satirical newspaper Kopřivy .
  3. ↑ Radko Pytlík: Toulavé house: Zpráva o Jaroslavu Haškovi. Prague 1971. Quoted from Cecil Parrott: Jaroslav Hašek. A study of Švejk and the short stories. Cambridge University Press, 1982, p. 75.
  4. ↑ František Langer: Byli a bylo. ( "It was and it was." ) Praha, 1963, p. 45.
  5. ↑ Willy Prochazka: Satire in Jaroslav Hašek's novel “The Good Soldier Schweik”. PhD thesis, New York University, June 1966, pp. 33 f.
  6. ^ Cecil Parrott: Jaroslav Hašek. A study of Švejk and the short stories. Cambridge University Press, 1982, p. 97.
  7. ^ Cecil Parrott: Jaroslav Hašek. A study of Švejk and the short stories. Cambridge University Press, 1982, pp. 103-108.
  8. ↑ Jaroslav Dresler: The adventures of the good soldier Hašek. In Eastern Europe No. 04 + 05 (1962), pp. 301-306.
  9. ^ Cecil Parrott: Jaroslav Hašek. A study of Švejk and the short stories. Cambridge University Press, 1982, p. 156.
  10. ↑ DIE WELT: The short life of Jaroslav Hašek . In: THE WORLD . April 28, 2008 ( welt.de [accessed September 27, 2017]).
  11. ^ Title page of the first edition of the novel published by Hašek himself in booklets. With an illustration by Josef Lada. ( Memento from February 16, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ Appendix to Jarsolav Hašek: The Urschwejk and other things from old Europe and the new Russia. Stuttgart, DVA 1999, p. 388f.
  13. ↑ Peter Kosta: On the German Švejk translation by Grete Reiner (1926) and its influence on the translations into the various Slavic languages. In: De Hašek à Brecht. Fortune de la Figure de Chvéïk en Europe. Colloque 2004: CERAAC / CESC. Textes réunis by Marie-Odile Thirouin. Institut des langues et de cultures d'Europe et d'Amérique. Université Stendhal-Grenoble 3. (Les Cahiers de l'ILCEA numéro 8/2006), p. 93-107.
  14. ↑ Peter Kosta: Cultural images and aesthetic processing of French in the last novels of Milan Kundera and their rendering in Polish, Czech and German: the attempt to determine the function of interlingual invariance / variance based on cultural semantics and discourse analysis . In: Krysztofiak, Maria (ed.), Problems of the culture of translation. Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Vienna, 2010 (Danzig Contributions to German Studies Vol. 33), pp. 129–143.
  15. ↑ Peter Kosta: Ambiguity and humor in translation . In: Zeitschrift für Slawistik, Volume 58 (2013) Issue 3, 297-324.
  16. ↑ Jaroslav Hašek: The Urschwejk and other things from old Europe and the new Russia (From the Czech by Grete Reiner. With an essay by Karel Kosík and an afterword by Hans Dieter Zimmermann). DVA, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-421-05231-X (published within the Czech Library , edited by Peter Demetz , Jiří Gruša , Peter Kosta , Eckhard Thiele and Hans Dieter Zimmermann).
  17. ^ Antonín Brousek: Epilogue in Jaroslav Hašek: The adventures of the good soldier Švejk in the world war . Reclam, Stuttgart 2014 ISBN 978-3-15-010969-4 .
  18. ↑ "Soldier Schwejk" honored with a statue in the Czech Republic. In: orf.at. August 24, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014 .
  19. ↑ Socha dobrého vojáka Švejka pro Kralupy nad Vltavou Parlamentní listy (Czech)
  20. ↑ “ God knows what will be lost to us through this impossible translation ”. In: Schweik the Second . Die Weltbühne, December 21, 1926, No. 51, p. 974 ( online )
  21. ↑ A successful new translation. The good soldier Švejk NZZ , July 11, 2014
  22. ↑ Jaroslav Hašek: The adventures of the good soldier Švejk in the World War. Translated, commented and with an afterword by Antonín Brousek. Reclam, Stuttgart 2014, ISBN 978-3-15-010969-4 .
  23. ↑ To this more detailed Klaus Völker : Hašek's “Schwejk” novel on the stage - The Piscator production from 1928: From Brod to Brecht and the consequences. In: Margarita Pazi , Hans Dieter Zimmermann (Hrsg.): Berlin and the Prager Kreis . Würzburg 1991, pp. 225–241 and Tamara Barzantny: Erwin Piscator's Pictures of the First World War - The adventures of the good soldier Schwejk, for example. In: Forum Modernes Theater , Vol. 13 (Tübingen: Gunther Narr 1998), Issue 2, pp. 148–165.
  24. ↑ a b c Herbert Knust: Schwejk and no end. In: Germanico-Slavica, No. 1, Canada, 1973, pp. 65-85.
  25. ↑ Pavel Kohout: My way to Schwejk. In: DIE ZEIT of September 29, 1967, No. 39.
  26. ↑ Dobrý voják Švejk in several ČSK versions  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed July 21, 2009@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.imdb.de  
  27. ^ V. Ulrich: On Hašek's reception in the German-speaking area . in W. Schamschula (Ed.): Jaroslav Hašek 1883–1983. Proceedings ...
  28. ↑ Iridescent grotesque. Ulrike Krickau in Frankfurter Rundschau from October 17, 2014