Sontheim (Heilbronn)
  district of Heilbronn |
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| Coordinates | 49 ° 7 '8 " N , 9 ° 11' 23" E |
| surface | 7.40 km² |
| Residents | 12,062 (Dec 2017) |
| Population density | 1630 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation | Oct. 1, 1938 |
| Post Code | 74081, 74074 |
| prefix | 07131 |
Administration address |
Hauptstrasse 7 74081 Heilbronn |
With over 11,000 inhabitants, Sontheim is the third largest district of Heilbronn (after the core city and Böckingen ).
geography
Sontheim is located in the Neckar Basin southwest of the old town of Heilbronn on the right bank of the Neckar . The Schozach flows into it here, coming from the south , after a hundred meters before it had taken in the Deinbach from the right , coming from the direction of Flein . The historic center of Sontheim is located on a hill on the Deinebach stream that flows through the village. In the west, the Heilbronn district of Horkheim joins, in the south, the Sontheim district, which rises slightly here, meets the communities of Talheim and Flein. In the east, the district extends as far as the Heilbronner Mountains and meets the municipality of Untergruppenbach near the hamlet of Donnbronn . In addition to part of the wooded Schweinsberg , it also includes the vineyard-covered Staufenberg , Sontheim's "local mountain".
history
Early settlement and first mention
The oldest finds on the Sontheim area date back to the early Franconian conquest of south-west Germany at the time of the Merovingians . Sontheim is presumably a settlement developed by the Franconian royal court in Heilbronn. Sont- denotes the southern location of the place as seen from Heilbronn, the suffix -heim is typical for Franconian foundations. The historic town center is near the Catholic Martinus Church , to which a mansion has probably always been located to the north.
The place was first mentioned in the marriage contract concluded on April 23, 1188 in Seligenstadt between Konrad von Rothenburg and Berenguela of Castile , in which an allod in Sontheim was part of the groom's morning gift . Because of the mention of other Staufer possessions in the area, the identification of the place is beyond doubt despite the existence of places of the same name.
Sontheim owned by the Teutonic Order
As early as 1427, the place was largely owned by the Teutonic Order , whose Heilbronner Kommende was founded in 1225 and resided in the Deutschhof in Heilbronn. The order may have exercised local rule in Sontheim soon after the founding of the Heilbronner Kommende, as the Sontheim lands made up the largest part of the estate's holdings. Further ownership shares were initially held by the nobility from the area and the patricians of Heilbronn, because of whose obligations there had been a dispute that was settled in 1434. In 1439 the approximately 1600 meter long Sontheimer Landwehr was built as a border ditch between Sontheim and Heilbronn.
The place was a heap village around the Sontheimer Ordenshof of the Teutonic Order. While the political community still seems to have had a certain importance in the 15th century, the determining factor of the place was soon the Teutonic Order, which also had high and low jurisdiction. The order acquired the entire place except for the validity of the Heilbronn hospital and some basic interest from the Lords of Gemmingen in Talheim. The order also had the patronage right of the Sontheimer church.
In the Peasants' War in 1525, the Sontheim farmers joined the Böckinger farmers, who plundered the Heilbronn Teutonic Order, so that Sontheim was burned to the ground as a punishment by head sess Georg von Waldburg-Zeil after the uprising was suppressed. The Teutonic Order expanded the Ordenshof after the Peasants' War in a form that is still understandable today and had the complex walled. The population of Sontheim was dominated by the peasantry and, because of the religious affiliation, remained purely Catholic even after the Reformation .
When the Protestant camp gained the upper hand in the area around Heilbronn during the Thirty Years War , King Gustav II Adolf took possession of the order and gave Sontheim to the Protestant city of Heilbronn. When the war turned, the Catholic King Ferdinand II moved into quarters in Sontheim and the order regained its possession. The place suffered greatly from the effects of the war. After the end of the war, the Teutonic Order also settled Jews in the village, and a synagogue was built in 1672.
In 1688, the Teutonic Order Commander Georg Adolf von Speth had a large summer residence built east of the village, which subsequently became the quarters of several generals. In 1693, Sontheim was the quarters of Margrave Christian Ernst of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, but was spared from war damage from the War of the Palatinate Succession despite French bombardment . During the War of the Polish Succession in the 1730s, Prince Eugene of Savoy was a guest in the summer house, and in 1746 the Imperial Field Marshal Prince Lobkowiss was a guest there. Around 1760, the estate of the Italian merchant and tobacco manufacturer Francesco Antonio Bianchi , former servant of the Italian merchant family Venino , was built in Sontheim .
In the 18th century the population increased significantly. Around 1700 there were 88 subjects, in 1746 148 subjects and guardian relatives were counted. There were about 5–6 family members for each subject.
Transition to Württemberg and industrialization
In the media coverage of the German Order of ownership the rural village Sontheim came in November 1805 as an independent community of Württemberg . In the middle of the 19th century, Sontheim had around 1000 inhabitants and was still a pure wine-growing and farming village. In the 19th century, the Sontheim Jews increasingly emigrated to neighboring Heilbronn, where they were allowed to settle again from 1805. The size of the Jewish community decreased from 129 people in 1818 to 46 people in 1870.
The industrialization in the late 1860s led to rapid growth, with industrial settlements along the Sontheimer Landwehr , Sontheim and Heilbronn practically grew together. Numerous industrial companies emerged in Sontheim. Around 1900 Sontheim was connected to the narrow-gauge Bottwartalbahn Marbach am Neckar - Heilbronn Süd with the Sontheim train station . The place was also connected to the neighboring city of Heilbronn by a line of the Heilbronn tram , which in turn was replaced in 1951 by the Heilbronn trolleybus, which ran until 1960 .
In 1900 Sontheim already had 2,164 inhabitants. Due to immigration during industrialization, numerous Protestant residents had also come to the formerly Roman Catholic town. In 1899 the Evangelical Parish Church (since 1949: Matthäuskirche ) was built, in 1906 the Evangelical parish ( today: Matthäuskirchengemeinde Heilbronn-Sontheim) was founded. The growth of the community led to the construction of numerous buildings that were important for the community, including the post office (1904), the town hall (1905), the Israelitische Landesasyl (1907), the Ackermannstift (1908) and the Catholic nurses' home (1909). The growth of the church continued unabated. In 1910 Sontheim already had 2900 inhabitants, in 1924 there were 3300 inhabitants. The two largest companies in the area, Ackermann and Wolko, together offered over 2000 jobs.
Incorporation to Heilbronn in 1938
On October 1, 1938, the town, which then had around 4,000 inhabitants, was incorporated into Heilbronn. Sontheim had a good economic situation and from this point of view no incorporation into the larger neighboring town would have been necessary, but at that time Heilbronn had incorporated the indebted communities Böckingen and Neckargartach out of economic hardship and required the incorporation of Sontheim as financial compensation.
Sontheim was spared major damage during the air raids on Heilbronn during World War II .
In 1965 the Heilbronn University , founded in 1961, moved to a location in Sontheim. With the education campus at Heilbronner Europaplatz and the branch offices in Künzelsau and Schwäbisch Hall, the university as of 2014/2015 is home to almost 8,500 students.
With the redevelopment of the town center in the 1970s and 1980s, the development of the Sontheim-Ost residential area in the 1980s and the development of former industrial and railway wastelands with residential buildings since 1990, Sontheim has grown to become the third largest district in Heilbronn with over 11,000 inhabitants.
Religions
Protestants
For the Protestants in Sontheim there is the Protestant St. Matthew Church and in the east of Sontheim there is the church in the Dietrich-Bonhoeffer community center , consecrated in 1988 .
Matthew Church
Chancel with pulpit
Look into the belfry
Interior with gallery
pulpit
organ
View into the left stair tower
Catholics
For the Catholics in Sontheim, the Catholic Martinus Church and the Catholic rectory (1800) on the high court area are available. In the east of Sontheim at Jörg-Ratgeb-Platz there is also the Maximilian Kolbe community center, which opened in 1997 and also contains the St. Maximilian Kolbe church.
Martinus Church
Gothic choir of the Martinus Church
Neo-Romanesque nave
View to the organ gallery
Mary Altar
Jews
The Jewish community of Sontheim was important. The synagogue in Sontheim was located on the Neuenbach since 1773, was renovated in 1827 and demolished in 1984. A memorial stone has been commemorating the synagogue since 1989. The Sontheim Jewish cemetery , which was laid out in 1841, is in the Schozachwiesen . The former Jewish school is a house on Hauptstraße 25 with a hipped mansard roof and gable and a large archway. The former Israelite women's bath is at Hauptstrasse 39. The former Jewish facilities in Sontheim include today's Alice Salomon School (Educational School), which was inaugurated in 1907 as the Wilhelmsruhe Jewish retirement home . Residential houses of Jews from Sontheim included the Mändle house from 1896 near the town hall with a shop on the ground floor and corner bay window, as well as the Villa Wolf, built in 1903/04 in Baroque Art Nouveau style by the shoe manufacturer Hermann Wolf.
Julius Picard
Synagogue memorial stone
House Mändle
politics
coat of arms
The Sontheim coat of arms was first recorded in 1559. In a half-divided and split shield, it shows a continuous cross at the top left, three linden leaves underneath, the right half shows half a sun with a face . The cross stands for the Teutonic Order, the linden leaves are the family coat of arms of the German master Dietrich von Cleen , the sun refers to the place name and turns the coat of arms into a speaking coat of arms.
Culture and sights
Buildings
The old town hall with a half-timbered structure on a brick base was built on Hauptstraße in 1896 and is now the citizens' office.
The Deutschhof near the Martinus Church is the former courtyard of the Teutonic Order . The complex includes the tithe barn from 1563 (today the fire station ), the upper wine press from the 16th century (today the parish hall), the official building of the Teutonic Order and the lower wine press, which is now used as the old wine press for events. The complex was once walled with the church and formed the historic center of the village.
The Catholic Martinus Church is the original church of the place and goes back to the time when the settlement was founded. The current building still has a Gothic choir, which was merged into an early baroque church building in 1720 and later in 1904 in the neo-Romanesque church building today. Behind the church there is a fountain from 1912 in the former churchyard.
The Protestant St. Matthew's Church from 1899 in line of sight to the Catholic Church is a prime example of Protestant church building around 1900. For Protestant Christians in the east of Sontheim, there is also the church in the Dietrich-Bonhoeffer community center, which was consecrated in 1988 . The towerless, eclectic Sontheim Methodist Chapel on Hofwiesenstrasse dates from 1907.
Matthew Church
Martinus Church
Community center (Obere Kelter)
The summer house of the Teutonic Order was built in 1688 and was later the administration building of the Ackermann twisting mill . Today the building is used as a Kolping House . A preserved factory hall used as a pharmacy, the Ackermann director's villa opposite the summer house, and the employee residences in Kolpingstrasse also remind of the former Ackermann factory . 14 , Kolpingstrasse 16 and Kolpingstr. 18 .
The Ackermannstift at the Protestant church and the renovation of a chapel from 1731 on the old cemetery, which was laid out in 1559, to become the Sontheim war memorial go back to Ackermann . In the chapel, which was rebuilt in 1933, there are nameplates, a sculpture The Good Comrade (1934) by Ernst Yelin , Stuttgart, and a crucifix from 1780 with the Teutonic coat of arms . The surrounding old cemetery on Staufenbergstrasse has historical tombs.
Ackermann director's villa
Ackermann pen
Ackermann house
Other cultural monuments in Sontheim include the hereditary farm , which was occupied from 1600 and later also housed the village's poor house, the parish bakery from the early 19th century, and the Catholic rectory (1800) on the high court area. The Staufenberg School was built in 1902.
The former Sontheim train station was completed in 1900 and was a stop on the Bottwartalbahn until 1976. The Rahmer mill is located on the site of a historic mill that was destroyed in World War II, from which the heraldic stones on the new building and historic stone bridges on the Mühlkanal still come. The building of the Hotel Altes Theater was first mentioned in 1677.
Former train station
Old theater
Staufenberg School
Listed historical buildings include the baroque lawyers' house in Hauptstr. 20 (today restaurant) and the Teutonic Order residential and court house in Hauptstrasse. 23 (today also a restaurant). In the area of Görresstraße 6-10 there is a historic courtyard entrance and a cellar, which still come from a homestead around 1600. Under the building at Görresstrasse 9,11 is a historic wine cellar.
At the building at Bundschuhstrasse 4 there is a baroque house Madonna from the 18th century, in the main street there is a sandstone wayside cross from 1750. Other historical crosses on Sontheimer Markung are a wayside cross in the Wiesenhalde and the Poacher's Cross , which reminds of two poachers who were shot in the 19th century near the Schweinsberg tower, which is already on Heilbronner Markung . Various remains of bunkers are relics of the Neckar-Enz position built in the 1930s .
Görresstrasse 8th
Kolpingstrasse 18th
Baroque house Madonna
Wiesenhalde wayside cross
theatre
On February 6, 1946, Franz Lehár's operetta The Land of Smiles was opened under the musical direction of Robert Edler, the new venue in the Sonne restaurant in Sontheim. The motto was "And new life blooms from the ruins". Ernst Köneke headed the Heilbronner Künstler-Theater in Sontheim until August 1946, where spoken and musical theater was performed. The Heilbronn Artists' Theater in Sontheim was later renamed Theater Heilbronn and was headed by Erich Weidner, then by Eberhard Schmohl until the end of 1947. Fritz Wilde became the theater director, and the Heilbronn Theater was renamed the New Theater Heilbronn, offering operettas and drama performances. Fritz Wilde (1902–1989) had previously organized concerts in the shooting house in Heilbronn. Wilde became an actor himself and played General Harras in The Devil's General 50 times . On April 2, 1949, the theater in Sontheim was temporarily terminated. In the Hotel Altes Theater continues theatrical performances were held up, 2013.
Economy and Infrastructure
The industrialization in the late 1860s led to rapid growth, with industrial settlements along the Sontheimer Landwehr , Sontheim and Heilbronn practically grew together. The first major industrial enterprise in Sontheim was the Ackermann twisting mill , which started operations in the former Teutonic Order summer residence in 1869 and grew to a significant size in the east of the town. Other important businesses were the Wolko shoe factory , which moved into the former Bianchi estate in 1891. In 1902 the Süddeutsche Camerawerk GmbH Körner und Mayer (RE Mayer 1902) was established. In addition, the A. Wegenast scale factory in Sontheim a. N. (F. Schneider & A./C. Döft 1904). In the former camera factory in Nettel Kreuzäckerstraße and Staelenstraße 37, the architect Ludwig Knortz Heilbronn AN converted it into the Hartlieb House in 1919 and served as the headquarters of Falcon Automobilwerke GmbH from August 1920 to the end of 1921 . Gottlieb Hartlieb and the businessman Ludwig Sauber joined Falcon Automobilwerke on July 12, 1921 , with the declared aim of developing automobile production in G. Hartlieb's garage in Sontheim. In 1922 a branch was built in Ober-Ramstadt . According to the entry in the commercial register, the Gottlieb Hartlieb company was deleted at the end of 1931.
In 1900 Sontheim was connected to the narrow-gauge Bottwartalbahn Marbach am Neckar - Heilbronn Süd , which ceased operations in 1985 and was then dismantled. Also in 1900 the place was connected to the neighboring city of Heilbronn by a tram line from Heilbronn , which in turn was replaced in 1951 by the Heilbronn trolleybus, which ran until 1960 . Today Sontheim is connected to Heilbronn by city buses operated by the Heilbronn transport company .
The former train station
The track side of the former station
Sports
The club TSV Sontheim rose with the table tennis men’s team in 1989 from the second division to the first division, where it stayed until 1997.
Utzname of the population
The old Utzname of the Sontheimer is Saureiter . Accordingly, a butcher from Sontheim is said to have tried unsuccessfully to slaughter a sow. In doing so, he became an "involuntary boar rider". In the center of the village by the Teutonic Order summer house, the Saureiter Fountain was installed in 1994 by Kurt Tassotti , which takes up the former Utz name. The city of Heilbronn had previously announced a limited competition in which Christiane Häringer, Gunther Stilling and Reinhard Siecke had also participated without success.
Sons and daughters of the place
- Friedrich Wilhelm Arnold (born March 3, 1810, † February 12, 1864 in Elberfeld), musician and music publisher
- Albert Güldenstein (born January 3, 1822, † 1891 in Stuttgart), sculptor
- Blasius Kurz (born February 3, 1894 - † December 13, 1973) Franciscan and Catholic bishop
- Albert Großhans (born May 11, 1907; † November 21, 2005 in Heilbronn), local politician (SPD), honorary citizen of Heilbronn
- Karl Hehn (born May 4, 1940), politician (CDU), former mayor, former MdL of the Hohenlohe constituency
- Carola Wolle (* 1963), entrepreneur, member of the state parliament of Baden-Württemberg since 2016
- Peter Günter (* 1960), judge at the Federal Court of Justice
- Ferenc Schmidt (born July 28, 1963), former German professional footballer
- Fabian Haas (* 1967), entomologist
literature
- Sontheim 1188–1988 , Sontheimer Open Circle, Heilbronn-Sontheim 1988
- Sontheim . In: Julius Fekete, Simon Haag, Adelheid Hanke, Daniela Naumann: Monument topography Baden-Württemberg. Volume I.5 Heilbronn district . Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1988-3 . Pp. 244-262
- Sontheim - as it used to be. A historical memory. In: Helmut Schmolz , Hubert Weckbach : Sontheim - as it used to be. The old townscape in photographs 1858–1945. For the 800th anniversary. Jahrbuch-Verlag, Weinsberg 1988, DNB 890021589 , pp. IX-XVIII
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Heilbronn Info Population Numbers . Retrieved September 14, 2018 .
- ^ Peter Wanner: The Staufer-Castilian marriage pact of the year 1188. Findings on the occasion of some "small" district and community anniversaries in 2013 . In: Christhard Schrenk / Peter Wanner (eds.): Heilbronnica 6. Contributions to the city and regional history . Heilbronn 2016, pp. 453–460, here: pp. 458–459. PDF 366 kB.
- ↑ Statistical Reports Baden-Württemberg, State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg, Article No. 3234 15001 B III 1 - j / 15, teaching and education from September 1, 2015. (PDF) (No longer available online.) State Statistical Office, September 1, 2015, archived from the original on March 28, 2016 ; accessed on February 21, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Jürgen Frahm: Streiflichter on Heilbronn's theater history after 1945 . In: Herbert Haldy (Ed.): Stadttheater Heilbronn: on the opening on November 16, 1982 , Heilbronn 1982, pp. 65–78, on p. 65.
- ^ City archive Heilbronn, database HEUSS, contemporary history collection, signature ZS-3076
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ The Falcon Automobile Works - The predecessor of Röhr ( Memento of the original from December 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ The Falcon Automobile Works, Heilbronn City Archives
- ↑ Werner Schollenberger: Röhr. A chapter of German automobile history , Günter Preuss publishing house, 1996.
- ^ According to the Heilbronn City Archives, archive materials, signature A035-363, entry on Gottlieb Hartlieb, Kraftfahrzeuge, later Automüller GmbH, Kreuzäckerstr., Sontheim in the HEUSS database
- ^ According to Heilbronn City Archives, Contemporary History Collection, signature ZS-5607, entry on Hartlieb & Co; Car sales and workshop: Gottlieb Hartlieb; Expert for automotive engineering in the HEUSS database
- ^ According to Heilbronn City Archives, Contemporary History Collection, signature ZS-5339, entry Falcon-Automobilwerke GmbH in the HEUSS database
- ^ Gabriele Holthuis: City of Sculptures Heilbronn. Guide to art in public spaces. Städtische Museen Heilbronn, Heilbronn 1996, ISBN 3-930811-57-X ( Heilbronn Museum Catalog No. 60), p. 127.
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