Sukhoi Superjet 100

Sukhoi Superjet 100
A Sukhoi Superjet 100-95
Type:	Twin-engine regional airliner
Design country:	Russia
Manufacturer:	Sukhoi Civil Aircraft
First flight:	May 19, 2008
Commissioning:	April 19, 2011
Production time:	In series production since 2010
Number of pieces:	186 (as of May 2019)

The Sukhoi Superjet 100 (SSJ 100; previously Russian Regional Jet , RRJ ) from the Russian aircraft manufacturer Suchoi is a twin- engine regional airliner in a low- wing version . Suchoi is implementing the project together with numerous western partners and the sales partner Alenia . In its appearance and design, the SSJ is very similar to the Embraer E-Jets and the Airbus A220 , as well as the failed Dornier 728 and the Dassault Mercure, which was decommissioned in 1995 .

CityJet was the only Western European airline to operate the SSJ between May 24, 2016 and January 7, 2019 . In April 2020, the aircraft type was no longer used by any western airline.

history

In the 1990s Sukhoi carried out market studies that prompted the manufacturer to consider developing and producing a larger civil aircraft for the first time. Until then, Sukhoi had primarily manufactured military aircraft and aerobatic machines such as the Su-26 . In 2000 the Sukhoi Civil Aircraft Company (Russian: Graschdanskije samoljoty Suchowo  - SCAC ) was founded. The studies showed a need for an aircraft with a capacity of less than 100 seats and a range of up to 4,500 km, and they estimated the market volume of this type of regional airliner at an approximate number of 250 machines in the Russian domestic market and 550 machines in international markets.

In July 2002 Rosawiokosmos wrote a competition for a new regional jet family with 50 to 90 seats, which the RRJ won on March 12, 2003 against the Myasishchev M-60-70 and the Tupolev Tu-414 . The studies initially ran under the name RRJ (RRJ stands for R ussian R egional J et - Russian Российский Региональный Самолёт for aircraft for the Russian regional transport ) and saw an aircraft family with three models before. These were designated as RRJ-60, RRJ-75 and RRJ-95, with the number in the type designation indicating the planned average passenger capacity.

It was decided at an early stage to design a much wider fuselage than is usual in this aircraft class - the fuselage width should be greater than that of the regional jet models Bombardier Canadair Regional Jet and Embraer E-Jets, which are often perceived as too narrow , but structurally less than the width for regional aircraft to wide and too heavy common short- and medium- haul aircraft such as A320 Family and Boeing 737. The fuselage is produced in Russia, while 80 percent of the systems come from Western suppliers.

Since the planned aircraft was the first Russian aircraft to be designed for the western market from the start, a cooperation agreement was signed with the American aircraft manufacturer Boeing on April 13, 2001 . Initially it was limited to a joint feasibility study, but on March 13, 2003 it was contractually expanded into a collaboration in sales, marketing and service. Boeing, which is not itself active in regional aircraft construction, was primarily hired as a consulting company. According to Sukhoi, Boeing should hold this position at least until the end of flight tests. This was a previously unique process for a Russian aircraft. The western partners for the development were selected in October 2003. In April 2003, the PowerJet SaM146 engine prevailed against the planned PW800 from Pratt & Whitney Canada and Awiadwigatel .

On July 19, 2004, Siberian Airlines was the first customer to be found for 50 aircraft, who later canceled the order. On October 28, 2004, the official program start of SCAC and Boeing was announced. Parts production began in February 2005. A cockpit and cabin mock-up was exhibited at the Aerosalon 2005 in Le Bourget . In 2005, Sukhoi expected an overall international market for such aircraft of 5,500 aircraft by 2023 and hoped to be able to occupy 15 percent of this. The specific planning at Sukhoi in 2007 was based on a production target of at least 700 aircraft, of which they intended to sell 60 percent in North America and Europe.

As a new launch customer, Aeroflot ordered 30 machines on May 23, 2006 . The SaM146 engine ran for the first time in Rybinsk on July 9, 2006; its maiden flight took place on December 6, 2007 on an IL-76.

Rollout 2007 in Komsomolsk

At the Farnborough International Airshow in Farnborough , the RRJ project was officially renamed the English Sukhoi SuperJet 100 on July 17, 2006 . At the same time it was announced that the development of the variant formerly known as the RRJ-60 would not be pursued, but that the focus would initially be on the largest version, now called the "Superjet 100-95". According to Sukhoi, the next smaller version Superjet 100-75 should follow later. An extension of the SSJ 100 to the SSJ 100-110 is also possible, but the agreement with Boeing restricts the capacity to a maximum of 110 passengers in one-class seating so as not to compete with the smaller versions of the US Boeing 737 Manufacturer to come. The list price of the SuperJet 100 would be about $ 36 million. However, the Russian state is granting cheap loans for the purchase of the aircraft by foreign companies, for which a total of 2.5 billion dollars were made available in 2012. Aeroflot is said to have purchased its aircraft for almost 17 million dollars each in 2013, including service by Sukhoi.

Sukhoi estimated the development costs in 2007 at around 1.4 billion US dollars, which were borne by Sukhoi himself, but also through government subsidies and lenders. The Italian company Alenia held 25% of the stake in the Suchoi subsidiary SCAC, which is responsible for the program . The breakeven point was the development costs assumed in 2007 for a production of at least 300 aircraft, but an increase in the amortization threshold was already foreseeable in 2008 purely due to the foreseeable delays. In addition, it was important that for every aircraft sold to Aeroflot at a special rate, three superjets had to be sold.

Distribution On September 10, 2007, Alenia and Suchoi founded the joint venture Superjet International (SJI) based in Venice, in which Alenia held a majority stake of 51 percent. This is responsible for the final expansion and sales of the Superjet 100 on the markets in Europe, North and South America, Africa, Japan and Australia. In addition, the Italian parent company Finmeccanica acquired a blocking minority of just over 25 percent in Suchoi Civil in 2009. This share steadily melted due to the replenishment of funds from the Russian side and was sold in January 2017. After Alenia was renamed Leonardo, the company reduced its stake in SJI to 10 percent in spring 2017.

Flight testing of the prototypes and certification procedures

Three-sided view

Final assembly of the first prototype began in March 2007. The static load tests began on July 5, 2007 in Zhukovsky . The public rollout took place on September 26, 2007 in Komsomolsk , Siberia . After the engines were installed in February 2008, the first flight took place in May 2008.

On May 19, 2008, the first superjet completed its maiden flight in Komsomolsk with chief test pilot Alexander Jablonzew and Leonid Chikunow at the controls, the company announced to the Interfax news agency. The flight lasted an hour and five minutes, with the jet only climbing to a maximum altitude of 1200 m and being flown very carefully at a speed of only 333 km / h. The first flight of the second prototype, which had numerous software modifications, followed on December 24, 2008; the take-offs of the third and fourth prototypes took place on July 25, 2009 and February 4, 2010. The delivery date originally planned for the end of 2008 for the first aircraft to Aeroflot could not be met.

The Russian approval was initially planned for the first quarter of 2010, the European approval should be granted by EASA about six months later . The application for a type certificate for the USA caused problems because the responsible flight safety authority, the FAA, required a US airline to express its interest in the type. Pinnacle Airlines , which works for Delta Air Lines , later expressed its interest, with which Sukhoi was also able to apply for US approval for the Superjet 100. In January 2011 the Superjet was approved for regular operation by the Russian supervisory authority IAC AR .

While tests were successfully passed at the beginning of June 2010 that demonstrated the reliable operation of the aircraft type on wet runways, the 7,100-hour test program on the SaM146 engine was successfully completed and the drive was approved by EASA .

At the end of October 2010, the Russian airline Aeroflot considered penal sanctions against the manufacturer because of the delayed delivery and because the contractually agreed flight simulators were not available on time.

At the end of 2015, the Russian supervisory authority certified the Sukhoi Superjet B100 with more powerful SaM146 engines, which on the one hand shorten the required take-off distance by 10% and on the other hand meet the requirements of landings at altitudes of more than 3300 m above sea level. M. meet. In June 2017, the B100 was approved by EASA (the separately required approval for London City Airport is still pending). These are the same engines that are also installed in the long-haul variant.

Series production

The Russian air traffic control authority officially issued the approval on February 3rd, 2011. One year later, on February 3rd, 2012, the approval by the EASA followed . On April 19, 2011, the first series machine (serial number SN97007), which took off on its maiden flight on November 4, 2010, was officially handed over to the Armenian airline Armavia , which baptized the machine with the name Yuri Gagarin . The first scheduled flight with 90 people on board took place on April 21, 2011 from the Armenian Zvartnots airport to Moscow-Sheremetyevo . Sukhoi began to ramp up series production, at which point 17 aircraft were in series production, five of which were in final production.

Aeroflot conducted the first passenger flight on June 16, 2011, from Moscow Sheremetyevo Airport to St. Petersburg . In December 2011, three aircraft were already in use for Aeroflot, by September 2014 that number had increased to nine. Aeroflot received a government loan of $ 250 million for the procurement.

A total of 25 aircraft were delivered in 2015; at the end of 2016 31 orders and 36 options were still open and the first Aeroflot order for 30 aircraft was completed. In 2013, Russia set itself the target that by 2025 more than 20 percent of the fleets of the major airlines should consist of Russian-made aircraft. State support of 241 billion rubles was made available for this period for the aircraft division alone, with almost three times the total expenditure being cut by 80 billion rubles in 2017; at the end of 2017, 109 aircraft of the type were in use and another Aeroflot order from 20 aircraft had been agreed. In September 2018 a further Aeroflot order for 100 additional aircraft was placed and at the same time Aeroflot received the fiftieth, named after Vasily Dmitrijewitsch Polenov . After production had reached around 153 aircraft at the end of 2017, production was throttled to 23 aircraft in 2018 (34 in 2017) because there were not enough engines available or these were primarily needed for the maintenance of the existing fleets. In 2018, 16 percent of the superjets were owned by the operators, the rest were financially or operationally leased. Dozens of the 180 aircraft produced were parked. 100 Superjet were in civil service in Russia at the beginning of May 2019. One machine was sold in 2019.

In order to make better use of economies of scale , at the end of November 2018 the parent company OAK let its subsidiary Irkut take over full control of SCAC, the civilian production company of Sukhoi's Superjet. In the course of the merger , according to internal sources, it was foreseeable that the name of the jet would change from Suchoi Superjet 100 to Superjet 100 , as on the OAK website . After the accident of Aeroflot flight 1492 in Moscow in spring 2019 and in view of the new holding structure under Rostec , a complete renaming of the program was considered.

By Christmas 2019, aircraft had been produced for Aeroflot, but not a single one of the ten units planned for 2019 on behalf of the government had been delivered; the state lessees wanted to ensure that Rostec would take over the aircraft after 12 years at a residual value of 40 percent if necessary. A purchase without such a residual value guarantee was rejected. A delivery of the first five aircraft, for which Aeroflot even approved a lease, seemed possible at the turn of the year, and Kommersant noted that it was still the worst year for the superjet. Lessee circles leaked a price of $ 33 million per aircraft.

Superjet 100R and cargo version

Sukhoi Civil Aircraft is planning a Russified Sukhoi Superjet 100R . A Russian auxiliary power unit and inertial navigation system are to be used, both of which currently come from American Honeywell International . A purely Russian engine, namely a downsized Awiadwigatel PD-14 (called PD-10), is also to be used. The cabin, the electrical and hydraulic systems and other components are to be manufactured in Russia in the future. Since the tightened US sanctions against Iran came into force (2018) , Iranian airlines have expressed their interest in an aircraft that is not subject to the US government's sales restrictions. A freight version is also planned, which would be unrivaled in its size class to date.>

technology

Cockpit of the XA-PPY from Interjet

The Suchoi Superjet uses a fly-by-wire system for flight control, including the cockpit controls from Liebherr- Aerospace. The Superjet has a modern cockpit with sidesticks and an Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS), which is supplied by the arms company Thales Group .

On December 21, 2017, a superjet with winglets took off for the first time ; Suchoi himself refers to them as saberlets and promises fuel savings of three percent and improved take-off and landing properties. The saberlets are optional and can also be retrofitted. The first delivery of an aircraft with Saberlets took place in 2019 to Severstal Aircompany .

Technical problems

In March 2012, technical problems in flight operations at Aeroflot became known. According to the Russian airline, only three quarters of the planned flight hours could be flown, mainly due to a lack of spare parts and the unreliability of individual components. A flight had to be canceled because the flaps of the nose landing gear did not close when retracting.

In February 2013, the Russian supervisory authorities temporarily withdrew the operating license for four Superjet 100 operated by Aeroflot . This was due to several technical incidents.

In December 2016, 11 Superjet SSJ 100-95 from Interjet remained on the ground during the main travel season over the holidays, plus 6 aircraft from Aeroflot and one from IrAero. According to the Rosaviazija decree, the horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft should be checked by the end of January and a fastening part - where necessary - replaced; at Interjet, 6 aircraft went back into service on January 6, 2017.

The daily flight time of the jets in Russia in 2016 was less than 4 hours, while the aircraft of Interjet were in the air a good 2 hours more. The average daily output worldwide was 4 hours. Foreign types of aircraft in Russia reached double the number of hours. The Russian operators complained about high costs and difficulties with the spare parts, which were also responsible for flight delays. The aircraft's main operator, Aeroflot, views the SSJ 100 as the least safe aircraft in its fleet in 2018. After the landing accident on May 5, 2019 , Aeroflot gave up its reluctance to hide all its delays with Superjet and canceled flights more frequently, which led to many reports in the media.

In August 2019, RBC reported that the state's Federal Antimonopoly Service had determined in July that routes served by Superjet were charging 20 percent higher fares. The reason is that the operating costs for the Superjet are almost double those of other aircraft. Government support for superjet operators was therefore proposed.

Product policy change 2018

In 2018, Cityjet and Interjet were the only two civilian superjet operators outside the post-Soviet space to express their dissatisfaction with the aircraft type, and Yakutia Airlines later joined this criticism. It was not the machine's performance data that was criticized, but the extremely poor customer support provided by the manufacturer. Since production capacities had been planned for the manufacture of assemblies for new machines, hardly any spare parts were available for machines in operation. This had meant that the operators of the Superjet could not plan the operation of their aircraft fleets with certainty. Machines kept breaking down because spare parts were not available. Finally, Cityjet suffered a bitter setback when lessee Brussels Airlines did not renew its existing contract at the end of 2018. Cityjet then phased out all of its superjets by January 2019. Interjet put 12 of 22 machines out of service and received compensation from Sukhoi for $ 39.6 million. In October 2018, Suchoi announced that they wanted to cut back production of the Superjet in order to create storage capacity for spare parts. In November 2018, a new Superjet customer was announced with the Slovenian Adria Airways , at the same time a maintenance and repair company was to be set up in Slovenia in order to improve the previously inadequate after-sales support. However, Adria could not negotiate a contract that promised her a fair and stable long-term partnership. Therefore, the planned leasing contract was given up again in March 2019. Adria Airways itself became insolvent in September 2019. In 2019 it was reported that Jat Tehnika in Belgrade had certified its employees for the maintenance of superjets, even though no aircraft were operated in the country.

Superjet 75

In spring 2018, the aim was to develop a "Russified" version with 75 seats; As many western components as possible, including the engines, should be replaced in this version. The first customer would be the Russian state, which was still operating the Tu-134. At the time of these announcements, optimistic information believed that market entry was possible by 2023.

structure

hull

Unlike the competing aircraft, the Bombardier Canadair Regional Jet and Embraer E-Jets , the Sukhoi Superjet uses a wider fuselage, similar to the Dornier 728 or the Airbus A220, and accommodates 2 + 3 seating. The cabin has large storage compartments that can also accommodate trolleys.

landing gear

Goodrich supported Suchoi in the development of the wheels and the braking systems of the chassis; the chassis itself was largely developed by Messier-Dowty . The chassis has disc brakes made of carbon fiber reinforced carbon (CFC) and a so-called “brake-by-wire” system that replaces mechanical elements. The wheel rims are made of aluminum .

International participations

Components	Suppliers	Country of origin
landing gear	Messier-Dowty Canada	France / Canada
Chassis / wheels / brakes	Messier Dowty / Goodrich Corporation	United States
Main engines	PowerJet	France / Russia
Hydraulics / lines	Parker-Hannifin / Parker-Ermeto	USA / Germany
Flight control systems	Liebherr Aerospace	Germany
System software	Thales Group	France
Cockpit systems / auxiliary gas turbine / avionics	Honeywell / Thales Group	USA / France
Fire extinguishing system	Autronics	United States
Electrical system	Hamilton Sundstrand	United States
Engine vibration sensors	Vibro meter ( Meggitt )	Switzerland
Marketing / Consulting	Boeing	United States
Equity stake	Alenia Aeronautica	Italy

The aim of the Superjet 100 was from the start to develop an efficient and competitive aircraft that would also meet Western standards, which was to be the first type of Russian origin to achieve significant sales outside of the former Soviet republics . For this reason, western manufacturers were involved in the Superjet 100 for the first time to a larger extent; the French engine manufacturer Snecma developed the engine together with NPO Saturn ; Alenia was chosen as a partner, among other things, because this company, thanks to its infrastructure and the experience within the ATR consortium, is able to offer 24-hour customer service worldwide, including Sukhoi alone would not be able to. Conversely, western companies promised themselves access to the Russian market through the superjet, whose demand for new aircraft to replace aging Soviet-made aircraft was estimated to be very high.

Orders

General

The SSJ100 M. Wodopjanow from Aeroflot

SSJ100 of the Mexican Interjet at Campeche Airport

On December 7, 2005, the Russian airline Aeroflot announced the order for 30 aircraft of the type RRJ 95, which should be delivered from November 2008. In fact, delivery didn't begin until mid-2011. PowerJet SaM146s were ordered as the engine . Even during development, in order to secure international sales, the company was in constant contact with the European and US authorities and received constant suggestions and suggestions from an advisory committee, including Air France / KLM , Alitalia , Brussels Airlines and Czech Airlines , Iberia , Lufthansa , SAS and Turkish Airlines counted. The first western customer was ItAli Airlines in 2007 with an order for ten superjets, but the order was canceled shortly before the airline ceased operations in 2011.

In January 2011, the Mexican airline Interjet ordered 15 aircraft of the Superjet 100 and increased this number to 20 aircraft in July 2012. The first machine was handed over to the customer on June 18, 2013 during the Paris Air Show .

At the 2011 Paris Air Show, a contract was signed with the Indonesian charter company Sky Aviation to purchase twelve SSJ 100-95s. The first copy was handed over to the customer in December 2012. Blue Panorama Airlines ordered eight Superjet 100-95s in 2011, and in October 2013 it was reported that the financially troubled airline would either significantly reduce its order or cancel it entirely.

In mid-2011 Sukhoi announced that it would also offer the Superjet 100 as a business jet aircraft (SBJ), the first four copies of which were to go to the Kazakh branch of the Swiss aviation group Comlux for 200 million US dollars . In August 2014 it was announced that Sukhoi would sell 13 Superjet to Indonesia (10) and Laos (3); However, two possible airlines with Superjet in service had already ceased operations at this time or were about to cease operations.

In 2017, the Russian state holdings were instructed to “consider” the aircraft when purchasing VIP aircraft. On September 10, 2018, Aeroflot signed another contract for the supply of 100 SSJ100s to be delivered by 2026. In October 2019, 102 Superjet were in operation in Russia. In October 2019 it was announced that Norwegian is considering an order for 40 SSJs in exchange for overflight rights in Russia.

Tabular listing

Customers	Orders	Options	Aircraft type	Extraditions	Delivery period
Aeroflot	0150	0-	095B	050	since 2011
Yakutia	05	0-	095B / 95LR	05	December 2012 to October 2016 (completely handed over)
Interjet	030th	0-	095B / 95LR	022, from autumn 2018 only 7 aircraft are included in the flight plan; entire fleet put up for sale in March 2020	June 2013 to July 2016, a total of 22 units, Interjet did without the rest
MWD	01	0-	095B	01	December 2013 (handed over)
Gazpromavia	010	0-	095LR	010	August 2013 to July 2015 (completely handed over)
Comlux	02	02	0SBJ	01	since January 2017 (operated by the Kazakh subsidiary Comlux KZ for KAZ Minerals )
RusJet	01	0-	095B (VIP)	01	2015 (handed over)
Bek Air	07th	0-	095LR	0-	probably from 2015
MTschS	08th	0-	095B	02	since December 2015
Royal Thai Air Force	03	0-	095B (VIP)	02	since July 2016
Russian Presidential Administration	02	0-	095B	02	(completely handed over)
Bishwo Airways	05	0-	095B	0-	Letter of intent
Yamal Airlines	025th	0-	095LR	016	since May 2016, pending orders canceled
CityJet	015th	016	095B	07 rented (1 returned, 6 decommissioned in Shannon. Last commercial flight confirmed by CityJet January 7, 2019.)	from May 24, 2016 (From March 2017 wet lease for Brussels Airlines until January 7, 2019, no extension.)
Air Leisure	04th	06th	095LR	0-	Letter of intent, the airline's air operator certificate was withdrawn in October 2018
IrAero	08th	0-	095B / 95LR	08th	since July 2016
KNB (secret service)	01	0-	0SBJ	01	November 2016 (handed over)
azimuth	12	0-	095LR	08th	since July 2017, leasing from GTLK
Zambia	01	0-	095B (VIP)	0-	as well as talks about 4 line machines
Iran airtour	020th	0-	095R	0-	probably from 2020
Iran Aseman Airlines	020th	0-	095R	0-	probably from 2020
S7 Airlines	050	025/25	075	0-	probably from 2022 (S7 Airlines is the first customer of the smaller version.)
Aero Mongolia	02	0-	095B	0-	Letter of intent to be signed “by the end of 2018”
Severstal Aircompany	06th	0-	095B	04th	from 2018, leased from GTLK
Alrosa Airlines	0to 3	0-	095B	00	from 2019 to 2021
Adria Airways	15th	0-	including the 7 aircraft previously operated by CityJet, Adria was unable to negotiate a contract that promised a fair and stable long-term partnership.	00	no extradition
KOM Airlines	6th	0-		0-	Delivery from autumn 2019
total	00392	0074	00	00135

Passenger compartment of a Suchoi Superjet 100 of Sky Aviation from Indonesia with business class in the front (4 seats per row) and economy class in the rear (5 seats per row)

The orders originally placed by Dalavia (2006), AiRUnion and Malév (2009) have ceased due to the insolvency of the companies. Certain orders would have been financed through bank loans with Russian funds.

In 2011 Armavia was the world's first customer, but returned one of two aircraft that had been ordered and refused to accept the other. At moskovia airlines were delivered before its bankruptcy two out of three Super Jets.

On May 6, 2019, one day after a serious accident with a superjet at Sheremetyevo Airport in Moscow, with many fatalities , the Russian airline Yamal announced that it would not accept the 10 superjets still to be delivered. Officially, the cancellation was justified with excessive operating costs for this type of aircraft. This was the first rejection of this aircraft type by a Russian operator.

On May 17, 2019, it was announced that the Russian airline RusLine , which had originally planned to acquire 18 superjets, will forego these aircraft. RusLine openly justified this with the poor image of the aircraft and the fear that the fleet would scare off potential passengers.

Incidents

• On May 9, 2012, a Superjet 100-95 ( registration number RA-97004 ) flew into a mountain near Bogor , Indonesia during a demonstration flight (see Sukhoi flight 36801 ). The wreck was found in the morning hours of May 10, 2012. There were 45 people on board (41 passengers and four people), including engineers and journalists, as well as executives from Sukhoi and other companies. There were no survivors. The final investigative report published in December 2012 only cites human error as the cause of the crash.

• On July 21, 2013, a Superjet 100 had an accident at Keflavík Airport during a flight to certify the aircraft for CAT IIIa landings (bad weather conditions) with one engine. After an engine was shut down at a low altitude, the pilot tried to start up with the wrong (shut down) engine and at the same time let the landing gear retract; After the main landing gear was relieved, it retracted , but the engines did not generate enough thrust for a go-around, so that the aircraft subsequently touched down with the fuselage on the runway. The pilot had noticed his mistake, but the remaining engine could not deliver the required thrust quickly enough. One of the five crew members was injured during the evacuation, the Icelandic Aircraft Accident Investigation Committee investigated the incident and issued nine recommendations.

• On October 25, 2015, a Superjet 100-95 operated by Interjet (XA-PBA) collided with a passenger bridge while being towed at Mexico City Airport . The aircraft was seriously damaged in the area of ​​the aircraft nose and had to be written off as a total loss as a result of the accident.

• On October 10, 2018, a Superjet 100-95 (RA-89011) of the Russian Yakutia Airlines shot down while landing at the airport of Yakutsk , Russia on the flight from Ulan-Ude to Yakutsk (flight number R3-414, the day before in Ulan-Ude started) beyond the end of the runway, the runway was shortened due to construction work. The runway was icy and slippery; the pilots had previously received incorrect information about the braking effect on the runway from air traffic control; In addition, the thrust reverser on the second engine was defective and a landing was therefore not permitted under the current weather conditions. The aircraft rolled over a large bump in the area of ​​the construction site on the runway. The main landing gear collapsed and the fuel tanks leaked. Four passengers received medical treatment after the accident due to minor injuries. The aircraft was irreparably damaged in the accident and written off.

• On May 5, 2019, a Superjet 100 with the registration number RA-89098 crashed during an emergency landing at its take-off airport, Moscow-Sheremetyevo . After a communication and control system failure, apparently due to a lightning strike, the pilots decided to cancel the domestic flight to Murmansk and turn around. During a hard landing about 30 minutes after take-off, the aircraft touched down three times. On the third contact with the ground, the main landing gear broke, the fuel tank was damaged and the escaping kerosene ignited. After the standstill, an evacuation was initiated via the front exits. 41 people were killed. 37 people, including eleven injured, survived (see also Aeroflot flight 1492 ) .

Technical specifications

Parameter	SSJ 100-60 1)	SSJ 100-75	SSJ 100-75LR	SSJ 100-95	SSJ 100-95LR	SSJ 100-110	SSJ 100-125 2)
Cockpit crew	2
Passengers	68	78		98		110	125
length	23.87 m	26.37 m		29.87 m		32.8 m	35.3 m
span	27.80 m
Wing area	77 m²
Wing extension	7.4
Hull diameter	3.35 m
Torso height	2.12 m
height	10.28 m
Gauge	5.74 m
Cabin width	3.24 m
Cabin height	2.13 m
Cabin length	? m	? m		20.42 m		? m	? m
Max. Takeoff mass	35,790 kg	38,820 kg	42,300 kg	42,520 kg	45,900 kg		k. A.
Max. Landing mass	31,620 kg	34,960 kg		39,385 kg			k. A.
Cruising speed	Mach 0.8
Service ceiling	12,500 m
Range (with maximum payload)	3,204 km	2,900 km	4,550 km	3,048 km	4,578 km	k. A.
Takeoff route	k. A.	1,515 m	k. A.	1,731 m	2,052 m	k. A.
drive	two PowerJet SaM146 - turbofan engines or aviadvigatel PD-14

• ¹⁾ Project now discontinued
• ²⁾ is in the conception phase

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  PowerJet engine

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• Play media file

Web links

Commons : Sukhoi Superjet 100  - collection of images

• Website of the Suchoi Superjet 100 (English)
• Website of the Suchoi Superjet 100 Business Jet (English)
• Type certificate of the RRJ-95 - EASA-TCDS-A.176 (PDF; 87 kB)
• This is how the Sukhoi Superjet will be built on December 4th, 2016

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Aeroflot accident: How dangerous is flying in Russia? , Handelsblatt, May 6, 2019
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Superjet 100 production rates reduced by third in 2018 , rusaviainsider, January 16, 2019
3. ↑ https://russianplanes.net/planelist/Sukhoi/SuperJet-100
4. ↑ ^{a b} Brussels Airlines is gradually phasing out Sukhoi SuperJet 100’s , aviation24.be, November 2, 2018
5. ↑ Last European operator gives up on Sukhoi Superjet 100? Retrieved October 30, 2019 . 
6. ↑ ^{a b c} "We started a small revolution" . In: Der Spiegel. August 23, 2007.
7. ^ First Suchoi Superjet handed over to customer , Handelsblatt, April 20, 2011
8. ↑ Florian Willershausen: Heavenly Hope. In: absatzwirtschaft.de , 2/2009, p. 22 ff.
9. ↑ FlugRevue September 2011, pp. 32–36, Practical test - Suchoi Superjet 100 in scheduled service
10. ↑ FlugRevue August 2008, pp. 34–37, Start in the Success? - The Sukhoi Superjet in flight testing
11. ↑ Putin, Berlusconi Talk Gas in Sochi. In: Moscow Time. August 30, 2005 (English).
12. ↑ ^{a b} Sukhoi plans to roll out first SuperJet-100s in 2008 - official In: RIA. July 2, 2007 (English).
13. ↑ Крушение. Погосян обещал Путину, что Sukhoi Superjet 100 захватит 15% мирового авиационного рынка. In: novayagazeta.ru . May 13, 2012, accessed on December 20, 2018 (Russian, title translation: "Wreck: Pogosjan [the director of OAK ] has promised Putin that the Sukhoi Superjet 100 will conquer 15% of the global aviation market"). 
14. ↑ Russia's new RRJ aircraft family renamed Sukhoi SuperJet-100 RIA Novosti July 17, 2006
15. ↑ Major orders from MAKS 2015: Superjet makes a breakthrough. Sputnik , August 28, 2015, accessed February 16, 2015 . 
16. ↑ The state supports the export of Russian aircraft , Vedomosti, October 30, 2012
17. ↑ ^{a b} More trouble ahead for Sukhoi's Superjet , RBTH, February 23, 2013; "In order to offset the losses on that particular contract," a source at the company says, "we need to sell three planes for every plane sold to Aeroflot."
18. ↑ Cuckoo. In: Novaya Gazeta. November 20, 2008.
19. ↑ AERO: First order for Superjet 100 from the United States
20. ↑ Leonardo gives up Sukhoi shares , Flugrevue, January 13, 2017
21. ↑ "Superjet è sovradimensionata" A Tessera si preparano i tagli La Nuova di Venezia e Mestre, 24 January 2017
22. ↑ Russia celebrates the Superjet 100
23. ↑ New Sukhoi Superjet 100 will not be delivered until 2010 Russia News , November 12, 2009
24. ↑ Russian Revolution: The Sukhoi Superjet. (accessed on February 8, 2007)
25. ↑ Flugrevue.de: Suchoi Superjet receives Russian approval , January 31, 2011
26. ↑ SaM146 approved in Aero International, issue 08/2010, p. 53f, year Top Special Verlag, Hamburg
27. ↑ Badetag in Aero International, issue 08/2010, p. 55, year Top Special Verlag, Hamburg
28. ↑ Aeroflot is planning criminal sanctions against Sukhoi and Boeing. RIA Novosti, October 27, 2010 (Retrieved October 17, 2013)
29. ↑ ^{a b} Polina Montag-Girmes: EASA certifies SSJ100 B100 variant. In: Air transport world. May 16, 2017, accessed June 16, 2017 . 
30. ↑ New Superjet receives EU certification , accessed on June 15, 2017
31. ↑ Superjet 100 receives EASA approval. fliegerweb.com, February 6, 2012
32. ↑ Sukhoi Superjet 100 gets Type Certificate from EASA. ( Memento from March 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) United Aircraft Corp., February 3, 2012 (English)
33. ↑ Sukhoi hands over first Superjet 100 to Armavia Report from FlugRevue on the handover of the first Superjet 100 (accessed on April 19, 2011)
34. ↑ FliegerRevue June 2011, pp. 10–11, Superjet in action
35. ↑ First Sukhoi Superjet 100 SN 95007 production aircraft took to the air ( Memento of November 30, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) (English) Press release of the Suchoi Company (accessed on December 3, 2010)
36. ^ First Sukhoi Superjet 100 for Aeroflot entered into commercial operation. SuperJet International, release of June 16, 2011 (English)
37. ↑ ^{a b c d} Super Vacuum Cleaner, Novaya Gazeta, February 14, 2012
38. ↑ ^{a b} SSJ 100 Daily Utilization Grew 25% in 2015
39. ↑ ^{a b c} Aeroflot takes over its 50th Superjet 100 , accessed on December 13, 2018
40. ↑ Government support for the aviation industry by 2025 was reduced by 12% to 632.6 billion rubles , Vedomosti, April 6, 2017
41. ↑ winglet-equipped SSJ100 makes world debut , Rusaviainsider, February 7, 2018
42. ↑ Sukhoi Superjet 100 - Production list and backlog , accessed December 26, 2017
43. ↑ Superjet Scrutinized after Board Changes at UAC / Rostec , ainonline, May 21, 2019
44. ↑ SSJ 100 will continue to fly , Kommersant, May 6, 2019
45. ↑ In 2019, shipments of SSJ100 aircraft could reach a minimum over seven years , Kommersant, October 24, 2019
46. ↑ Superjet 100 loses its Sukhoi nametag , rusaviainsider, November 28, 2018
47. ↑ Chemezov announced a possible renaming of the Superjet , RBK, September 15, 2019
48. ↑ ^{a b} SSJ 100 picked up an important government customer , Kommersant, October 31, 2019
49. ↑ VEB.RF received five superjets for rent to Aeroflot , Vedomosti, December 31, 2019
50. ↑ Vedomosti: SSJ 100 customers do not want to take them without Rostec guarantees , Kommersant, December 26, 2019
51. ↑ Buyers do not want to take over SSJ100 aircraft without a Rostec guarantee , Vedomosti, December 25, 2019
52. ↑ Sukhoi assessing engine options for 'Russified' Superjet , accessed December 13, 2018
53. ↑ Iran buys 40 Sukhoi Superjet SSJ100R , accessed December 13, 2018
54. ↑ Alexander Stahl: Sukhoi outlines plans for new SSJ versions. In: aeronauticsonline.com. June 28, 2018, accessed on August 17, 2020 . 
55. ↑ Superjet with winglets completes first flight , accessed on December 26, 2017
56. ↑ PICTURE: 'Sabrelet' Superjet undergoes cabin fit , flightglobal, July 4, 2019
57. ↑ Stefan Eiselin: Aeroflot mad at Sukhoi. AeroTelegraph, March 19, 2012, accessed on March 19, 2012 : "As Aeroflot's Vice Chief Engineer Konstantin Mochna explained to Vedomosti, the high number of downtime hours is due to" technical problems "and delays in the delivery of components." 
58. ↑ aero.de - Russian authorities withdraw Superjet from service February 12, 2013
59. ↑ Preve Interjet cancelaciones y Demoras , Reforma, December 25, 2016
60. ↑ Mexico's Interjet grounds eleven SuperJets , ch-aviation, December 29, 2016
61. ↑ Mexican Interjet Announces Sukhoi Superjet 100 Flight Resumption , Republic.ru, January 6, 2016
62. ↑ Why are the Sukhoi SuperJet idling , Vedomosti, May 24, 2017 (Russian)
63. ↑ Künstler über Bord , Kommersant, June 8, 2017 (Russian)
64. ↑ ^{a b} https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-43629115 Aeroflot considers Superjet to be the least safe aircraft, BBC, April 4, 2018
65. ↑ SSJ 100 held on the ground , Kommersant, May 15, 2019
66. ↑ Aeroflot wants to get rid of SSJ-100 at all costs , Yandex News, May 21, 2019
67. ↑ FAS has noticed an increase in the airfare for flights with Superjet. The reasons for this are the long downtimes of the Russian airliner during the procurement of spare parts and the high maintenance costs , RBC, August 21, 2019
68. ↑ ^{a b} More service, less construction - this is how Sukhoi wants to get the Superjet on course Aerotelegraph of October 13, 2018.
69. ↑ Sukhoi compensates Interjet for Superjet trouble Aerotelegraph of August 14, 2018.
70. ↑ Success for Russian jet: Adria Airways orders 15 Sukhoi superjets
71. ↑ Slovenia's Adria Airways cancels SSJ deal , ch-aviation, April 2, 2019
72. ↑ ^{a b} Russia is negotiating the delivery of SSJ 100 to Serbia , Kommersant, October 19, 2019
73. ↑ 85 billion on the wing , Kommersant , March 26, 2018
74. ↑ 100 billion rubles on a wing , Novaya Gazeta, March 31, 2015
75. ^ Winning the West: The Sukhoi Superjet Flight International February 8, 2007.
76. ↑ Export driven: The Sukhoi Superjet Flight International February 8, 2007
77. ↑ flightglobal.com Superjet Western launch customer ItAli dropped from order book (English) January 18, 2011
78. ↑ Interjet orders SuperJet 100. airliners.de, January 18, 2011. Accessed July 2, 2013
79. ↑ ^{a b} Interjet takes over the first Suchoi Superjet 100 Flugrevue.de, June 18, 2013. Accessed July 2, 2013
80. ↑ Wikipedia in English: Sky Aviation (Indonesia)
81. ↑ Sukhoi Civil Aircraft Company has got one order for 12 SSJ100 for PT Sky Aviation ( memento of October 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on June 21, 2011.
82. ↑ First Sukhoi Superjet for Sky Aviation. Austrian Wings, January 3, 2013
83. ↑ Laura Frommberg: aerotelegraph.com Blue Panorama rethinks Superjet , Aero Telegraph, October 16, 2013
84. ↑ SBJ 200 Million Dollars Order from Comlux The Aviation Group , press release October 9, 2011, accessed October 4, 2019
85. ^ Ch-aviation , accessed on September 2, 2014
86. ↑ Top managers push for SSJ 100. State-owned companies have been ordered to buy Russian aircraft , Kommersant, May 30, 2017
87. ↑ Flight review: Aeroflot takes over its 50th Superjet 100 , accessed on October 8, 2018
88. ^ Norwegian Considering Large Sukhoi Superjet Order. October 29, 2019. Retrieved October 30, 2019 (American English). 
89. ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Aeroflot-Russian-Airlines
90. ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Yakutia-Airlines
91. ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Interjet-(Mexico)
92. ↑ Sukhoi Superjet 100 Production List on planespotters.net
93. ↑ Interjet wants to keep superjets - if Russia pays , aerotelegraph, April 12, 2019
94. ^ Russia - Ministry of Internal Affairs Fleet Details and History. Retrieved August 17, 2020 . 
95. ↑ Comlux KZ Fleet Details and History. Retrieved August 17, 2020 . 
96. ↑ Kazakhstan's Bek Air orders seven Sukhoi SuperJets. July 15, 2014, accessed on August 17, 2020 . 
97. ↑ МЧС России получит два самолета Sukhoi Superjet. June 10, 2015, accessed August 17, 2020 (Russian). 
98. ^ Aerotelegraph: Thailand is buying superjets , accessed December 15, 2014
99. ↑ Beth Stevenson: Thai air force receives first two VIP Superjets. July 19, 2016, accessed on August 17, 2020 . 
100. ↑ As reported by the Ria Novosti news agency, the Nepalese start-up is planning to buy five Superjet 100 from the Russian aircraft manufacturer Sukhoi. A corresponding letter of intent was signed at the Aero India trade fair.
101. ↑ Suchoi - Letter of Intent for SSJ100 Delivery Signed with Bishwo Airways , February 19, 2015 (English)
102. ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Yamal-Airlines
103. ↑ Yamal Airlines: Russian airline orders superjets from. In: aeroTELEGRAPH. May 7, 2019, accessed May 10, 2019 . 
104. ↑ The Airlines Ditching 'Unreliable' Russian Sukhoi Superjets , aviationanalyst.co.uk, November 4, 2018
105. ↑ Stefan Eiselin: Will Norwegian fly with 40 superjets soon? aero TELEGRAPH, October 30, 2019, accessed October 30, 2019 . 
106. ^ First Superjet Delivered to Cityjet , notice from Superjet International, May 24, 2016
107. ↑ CityJet flies with Superjet for Brussels Airlines , Aero.de, January 13, 2017
108. ↑ Final Sukhoi Superjet 100 flight for Brussels Airlines , aviation24.be, January 7, 2019
109. ^ Egyptian carrier orders four SSJ 100s - Russian aviation news. In: Russian Aviation Insider. February 3, 2016, accessed on August 17, 2020 . 
110. ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/IrAero
111. ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Kazakhstan-National-Security-Committee
112. ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Azimuth-Airlines
113. ↑ Russia reaffirms Zambian SuperJet deal , ch-aviation, September 11, 2018
114. ↑ ^{a b} Iran buys 40 Sukhoi Superjet SSJ100R. May 8, 2018, accessed August 17, 2020 . 
115. ↑ https://www.aerotelegraph.com/s7-gruppe-will-ssj75-als-erste-betreiben-superjet-sukhoi
116. ^ Air Carrier Aero Mongolia Showed Interest Towards SSJ100 Purchase. April 28, 2018, accessed August 17, 2020 . 
117. ↑ ИФК и авиакомпания "Северсталь" заключили соглашение об условиях поставки в лизинг шести (Russian: April 18th, 2020 ). 
118. ↑ The Tu-134 made its last passenger flight in Russia , TASS, May 22, 2019 (Russian)
119. ↑ CityJet, Russians Differ on Reasons for Superjet Shuffle , ainonline.com, February 19, 2019
120. ↑ Slovenia's Adria Airways cancels SSJ deal , ch-aviation, April 2, 2019
121. ↑ Thailand's KOM Airlines firms up SuperJet order. March 1, 2019, accessed on August 17, 2020 . 
122. ↑ aerotelegraph.com: Armavia duped Sukhoi , July 13, 2012
123. ↑ Yamal Airlines: Russian airline orders superjets from. In: aeroTELEGRAPH. May 7, 2019, accessed May 10, 2019 . 
124. ↑ ES: RusLine ditches its big Superjet 100 plan. In: Russian Aviation Insider. May 17, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2019 (American English). 
125. ↑ Simon Hradecky: Crash: Sukhoi SU95 over Indonesia on May 9th 2012, aircraft impacted mountain. The Aviation Herald , August 1, 2012. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
126. ↑ ^{a b} Press release of May 11, 2012 . Sukhoi homepage. Retrieved May 12, 2012.
127. ↑ Rescue workers find wreckage of Russian superjet
128. ^ Passenger list ( Memento from May 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive ). Homepage of the Russian Aviation Consortium OAK (UAC). Retrieved May 12, 2012.
129. ↑ Final report ( Memento from December 23, 2012 on WebCite ) (PDF; 6.9 MB), National Transportation Safety Committee 18/12/2012
130. ↑ Der Spiegel: Pilot Error Leads to Superjet Crash , December 17, 2012
131. ↑ Accident: Sukhoi SU95 at Keflavik on Jul 21st 2013, belly landing. Retrieved June 16, 2019 . 
132. ^ Accident report XA-PBA in the Aviation Safety Network
133. ↑ At Sukhoi, they knew about the problems with fuel leakage on the underside of the SSJ-100 landing gear legs from 2018, but did nothing , Yandex News, May 6, 2019
134. ↑ Aircraft accident data and report in the Aviation Safety Network (English)
135. ↑ There are inconsistencies in the general overview of the SSJ 100 catastrophe in Sheremetyevo , Moskovsky Komsomolets, May 15, 2019; "The undercarriage must be designed in such a way that it cannot damage the aircraft's fuel system"
136. ↑ Accident: Yakutia SU95 at Yakutsk on Oct 10th 2018, overran runway on landing. Retrieved May 10, 2019 . 
137. ↑ Harro Ranter: ASN Aircraft accident Sukhoi Superjet 100-95B RA-89011 Yakutsk Airport (YKS). Retrieved May 10, 2019 . 
138. ↑ Accident: Aeroflot SU95 at Moscow on May 5th 2019, aircraft bursts into flames during rollout and burns down. Retrieved May 5, 2019 . 
139. ↑ В московском аэропорту Шереметьево загорелся самолет. Главное , Novaya Gazeta, May 5, 2019
140. ↑ СКР возбудил дело из-за авиакатастрофы в “Шереметьево” , Vedomosti, May 5, 2019
141. ↑ At least 13 die in plane fire at Moscow airport , TASS, May 5, 2019