Tyumen

Tyumen is a redirect to this article. See also: Tyumen-2 , Russian cargo ship or (2120) Tyumenia , asteroid.

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Tyumen (disambiguation) .

city Tyumen Тюмень flag coat of arms Federal district Ural Oblast Tyumen Urban district Tyumen Inner structure 4 city ​​rajons Head of Administration Alexander Moor Founded 1586 City since 1782 surface 235  km² population 581,907 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 2476 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 70  m Time zone UTC + 5 Telephone code (+7) 3452 Post Code 6250xx License Plate 72 OKATO 71 401 Website www.tyumen-city.ru Geographical location Coordinates 57 ° 9 '  N , 65 ° 32'  E Coordinates: 57 ° 9 '0 "  N , 65 ° 32' 0"  E

Situation in Russia

Location in Tyumen Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Tyumen ( Russian Тюмень ; pronunciation ^{? / I} ) is the capital of the Russian Oblast of the same name in Western Siberia . It has 581,907 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) and is located on the Tura River , which flows downstream into the Tobol . The city is about 1,700 kilometers from Moscow as the crow flies.

A doschtschanik , a flat boat, is depicted in the flag and in the coat of arms .

history

founding

Tyumen is one of the oldest Russian settlements in Siberia . It was founded in 1586 as a Cossack fort at the mouth of the Tjumenka and Tura rivers to protect against the Kazakh steppe nomads and was then near the old capital of Chingi-Tura of the Sibir Khanate , which had been conquered by the Cossacks shortly before . The name Tyumen is the Russian takeover of the Mongolian term Tümen for '10,000 'and originally probably referred to the entire region.

17th - 20th century

Since the 17th century, Tyumen has been an important transit point on the trade route from Siberia to China. Tyumen became a trading center and an important center of handicrafts with blacksmiths, bell foundries, leather processing and soap production. Since 1709 Tyumen belonged to the Siberian Governorate . In 1782 Tyumen was granted city rights and in 1796 became a district town in the Tobolsk governorate . With the construction of the first ship in Siberia in 1838, river navigation began in Tyumen, and a railway line to Yekaterinburg was built. Tyumen became a center for shipbuilding, wood processing and fishing, and carpet production was also well developed. One of the largest summer fairs in Siberia took place here every year. In the 19th century, Tyumen became a stopover for resettlers and exiles, where they were registered and distributed to their final places of residence in Siberia. In Tyumen there was a POW camp 93 for German prisoners of war of the Second World War .

During the time of the Soviet Union, the population of Tyumen rose massively, from less than 80,000 in 1939 to almost 500,000 in 1989.

Population development

year	Residents
1897	29,544
1939	79.205
1959	150.195
1970	268,526
1979	358.992
1989	476,869
2002	510.719
2010	581.907
2019	788.666

Note: census data

• Picture gallery
• 

  Downtown, 2003

• 

  Znamensky Cathedral

• 

  Trinity Monastery

climate

Winter Tyumen

In Tyumen there is a continental climate. Rapid temperature changes are characteristic. The mean temperature is −17 ° С in January and +18 ° С in July. The lowest temperature in winter is −50 ° C, the highest temperature in summer is 38 ° С.

Tyumen
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     24   -12 -22     17th   -9 -20     15th   -1 -11     27   9 -1     39   17th 4th     62   22nd 10     85   24 13     58   21st 10     49   15th 5     39   5 -2     32   -3 -11     24   -9 -18 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: Roshydromet

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Tyumen Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) −12.4 −9.4 −0.5 9.2 16.6 22.2 24.1 20.7 14.9 5.4 −3.3 −9.4 O 6.6 Min. Temperature (° C) −21.7 −20.0 −11.4 −1.3 4.4 10.3 13.3 10.4 5.1 −2.2 −10.7 −17.6 O −3.4 Precipitation ( mm ) 24 17th 15th 27 39 62 85 58 49 39 32 24 Σ 471 Rainy days ( d ) 7th 5 4th 6th 7th 9 9 10 9 9 8th 6th Σ 89 Source: Roshydromet

Economy and education

Office building in Tyumen

The most important industries are shipbuilding and mechanical engineering , as well as the manufacture of meat products and the chemical industry. The airline Utair Aviation has its headquarters in Tyumen Airport . The German company Schwank, market leader for hall heating, also has its subsidiary there, SibSchwank, which has a market share of around 25% in the Russian market.

Tyumen is also the seat of several universities and colleges. These include the State University of Tyumen , the State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering Tyumen and other smaller universities. A modern medical university with a focus on neurosurgery is to be built in Tyumen by 2016 .

traffic

Tyumen is on the main line of the Trans-Siberian Railway . The city also has a river port and (in Roschtschino ) an international airport .

The 632 kilometer long R402 connects Tyumen with Omsk in the southern part of the West Siberian lowlands . At the same time, the city is the starting point for the R351 , which connects to Yekaterinburg , and the R404 , which leads north to Khanty-Mansiysk .

Sports

The ice hockey club HK Rubin Tyumen takes part in the game of the second highest Russian league and won it in 2011 .

In addition, the city is represented by the football club FK Tyumen in the third highest Russian league . The club is one of the founding members of the Premjer League and played first class in the 1990s.

In volleyball , Tyumen is represented by the team from VK Tyumen .

From 2012 to 2013 an annual tennis tournament Siberia Cup took place in Tyumen .

From 22 to 25 March 2018 is the Biathlon World Cup in the winter sports center of Tyumen instead. A World Cup should have taken place in Tyumen in the 2016/17 season . However, due to the doping scandal , the Russian organizers were forced not to host the competition in Siberia. Instead, the competition was moved to Kontiolahti . The IBU also withdrew the World Championships, which should take place in Tyumen in 2021, as a result of the doping scandal.

City structure

City center

Tyumen is divided into four urban districts (city rajons):

• Kalininski ( Kalinin -Rajon)
• Leninsky ( Lenin -Rajon)
• Zentralny (Zentralrajon)
• Wostochny (Ostrajon; since March 21, 2008, separated from the Leninsky rajon)

In 2004 the places Melioratorow, Mechanisierungsow, Mys, Novoroschtschino, Trufanowa, Suchodolski and Parfenowski were incorporated.

Town twinning

Tyumen lists three twin cities : Daqing , People's Republic of China Celle , Germany , since 1994 Houston , USA , since 1995

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

• Anatoly Korolkewitsch (1901–1977), theater and film actor
• Tamara Toumanova (1919–1996), Russian-American ballet dancer and actress
• Leonid Wassiljew (1919-2002), General
• Juri Sujew (1932–2006), Russian-Kazakh sinologist and Turkologist
• Vladimir Nak (1935–2010), transport worker and manager of Yamaltransstroi
• Wladislaw Krapiwin (* 1938), children's book author
• Igor Pusanov (born 1947), Army General
• Vladimir Cheboksarov (* 1951), wrestler
• Pawel Wawilow (* 1962), biathlete
• Grigori Sijatwinda (born 1970), actor
• Yevgeny Buschmanow (* 1971), football player
• Andrei Nikitenko (born 1979), ice hockey player
• Anastasiya Kuzmina (* 1984), biathlete and Olympic champion
• Dmitri Zhitikov (* 1986), ice hockey player
• Iwan Lissutin (* 1987), ice hockey goalkeeper
• Anton Schipulin (* 1987), biathlete
• Mikhail Grigoryev (* 1991), ice hockey player
• Tatjana Aljoschina (* 1994), cross-country skier
• Igor Ustinsky (* 1994), ice hockey goalkeeper
• Andrei Wassilewski (* 1994), ice hockey goalkeeper
• Emma Drogunova (* 1995), German actress
• Ivan Jakimuschkin (* 1996), cross-country skier
• Diana Klimowa (* 1996), cyclist

Others

• Georg Wilhelm Steller (1709–1746), German naturalist, died here in 1746 on his return trip from Siberia to Saint Petersburg

Attractions

The Tjumens Natural History Museum is one of the few in the world to have a completely preserved mammoth skeleton.

literature

• James Forsyth: A History of Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony, 1581-1990 . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1992, ISBN 0-521-47771-9 , pp. 25th f . (English, limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed June 20, 2020]).

Web links

Commons : Tyumen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• http://www.tyumen.ru/
• http://tyumen.rfn.ru/
• Tyumen on mojgorod.ru

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ James Forsyth: A History of the Peoples of Siberia. Russia's North Asian Colony. 1581-1990. , P. 25
3. ↑ Maschke, Erich (ed.): On the history of the German prisoners of war of the Second World War. Verlag Ernst and Werner Gieseking, Bielefeld 1962–1977.
4. ^ IHK Nuremberg: Brief description of the Tyumen region. , Nuremberg 2008.
5. ↑ http://www.rg.ru/2013/12/20/reg-urfo/medgorodok.html
6. ^ Biathlon in Tyumen: The dates at a glance. In: www.t-online.de. November 26, 2017, accessed January 13, 2018 . 
7. ↑ IBU awards new Tyumen World Cup. In: sport1.de. January 7, 2017, accessed January 13, 2018 . 
8. ↑ Biathletes put pressure: No Biathlon World Championships in Tyumen in 2021. In: sportschau.de. February 8, 2017, accessed January 13, 2018 . 
9. ↑ Васильев Леонид Иокинфович , warheroes.ru (Russian)
10. ↑ Игорь Евгеньевич Пузанов , pochta-polevaya.ru (Russian)
11. ↑ Пузанов Игорь Евгеньевич , eurasian-defence.ru (Russian)
12. ↑ Евгений Бушманов , rusteam.permian.ru (Russian)