Ulrich I. (Hanau)

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Grave slab of Ulrich I von Hanau (assignment not confirmed) in the Arnsburg monastery

Ulrich I von Hanau (* 1255/60 ; † 1305/06 ) was Lord of Hanau and followed his father Reinhard I von Hanau in 1281.

ancestry

Ulrich I was the eldest son of Reinhard I von Hanau, his mother Adelheid was a sister of Ulrich II von Hagen-Münzenberg . His maternal grandfather gave him his name, which was not in use in the von Hanau family until then.

There is no information about Ulrich I's year of birth. Its oldest surviving documentary mention comes from 1272. Since 1275 Ulrich appears alongside his father in documents, in 1276 for the first time independently, from 1277 he is regularly involved in documents relating to Hanau. Because of the age of majority, which was usually 18 at that time, this results in a year of birth in the range 1255/60.

family

On October 2, 1272 Ulrich I was married to Countess Elisabeth von Rieneck (approx. * 1260; † around 1300), daughter of Count Ludwig III. von Rieneck, engaged. Both were still children or adolescents, because the wedding was to take place within six years. The background to this relationship, which was both classically and materially advantageous for Ulrich I, was the dispute between the Archbishops of Mainz and the Counts of Rieneck for power in the western Spessart . Here Ulrich I's father, Reinhard I, was on the side of the archbishops, who were able to win the long-running conflict under Archbishop Werner von Eppstein in 1271 . Part of the peace agreement was that Elisabeth with a rich trousseau , which includes the town of Steinau an der Strasse , was initially engaged to Ulrich I and later married. This trousseau strengthened Ulrich I's position considerably. Its exact scope can no longer be determined - the documents about it are lost. However, since the family of the groom's mother, the Hagen-Münzenberg family, was "only" a ministerial family , the condition seems to have been that this "flaw" regarding Ulrich I's equality was initially removed. On October 25, 1273 King Rudolf I raised Adelheid to the nobility .

Joint children of Ulrich and Elisabeth were:

1) Ulrich II.

2) Adelheid (mentioned from 1306; † before 1325) married Konrad V von Weinsberg before 1315 (* before 1301; † 1328, buried in Lichtenstern ). From this marriage emerged:

  • Else († 1368). She married Hartmut V. von Kronberg on March 21, 1334 († September 24, 1372)
  • Lukard, nun in Patershausen Monastery
Konrad V. von Weinsberg married Luckardis von Breuberg for the second time in 1326 .

3) Konrad, pastor of the Fulda monastery (mentioned 1343; † after 1352). In the older literature his affiliation with the Hanau House is controversial. However, it seals with the Hanau coat of arms.

4) Margarethe is an incorrect classification in the older literature, which is mentioned as the wife of Count Gerhard von Katzenelnbogen (mentioned: 1292; † 1312). In fact, she is a Countess von der Mark . Since the document on which the message is based contains even more errors, it can be assumed to be forgery.

Reign

With the death of his father in 1281 Ulrich I took over the rule of Hanau . During his reign he was able to expand the area of ​​rule considerably.

Ulrich I was the guardian of Count Ludwig von Rieneck-Rothenfels and was able to acquire the right to his Mainz fief from him in 1298. He was probably also the guardian of his nephews Reinhard and Heinrich von Weinsberg.

Munzenberg inheritance

On the one hand, through his mother, he was 1/6 involved in the rich Munzenberg heritage . The inheritance comprised a corresponding portion of Münzenberg, Burg and Amt , Assenheim , Heuchelheim , Dudenhofen , Münster , Werlachen , Hayn Castle in Dreieich and the Dreieich Wildbann . Through his mother's dowry, the Babenhausen office with parts of the Bachgau and half of Umstadt had already come to the Hanau rulership . The inheritance of Adelheids Vilbel and ¼ von Praunheim also brought Hanau. The dispute between the heirs, which naturally resulted from such an inheritance - as far as Hanau was concerned - was largely settled in 1288.

Hanau's economic position was quite strong. The following could be acquired temporarily as pledges: Burg and Dorf Ortenberg , Burg Birstein , Orb and (Besen-) Kassel . This created a land bridge to the Hanau town of Steinau an der Straße , which had previously been isolated from the rulers , and pushed Hanau's sphere of interest into the upper Kinzig valley .

compensation

Ulrich I also secured his rule through contracts with neighbors. In 1290 he settled a long-standing dispute with the diocese of Würzburg and in 1303 concluded an alliance and opening agreement with Frankfurt am Main , which had been preceded by disputes. In 1304 an alliance with Count Palatine Rudolf I followed near the Rhine.

Territorial losses

However, the Bachgau was lost . Reinhard I had to hand it over to the Archbishop of Mainz in 1278 . After the death of Archbishop Werner von Eppstein, King Rudolf moved into Bachgau at the same time as the Seligenstadt Abbey and handed it over to Ulrich I for administration. King Adolf von Nassau awarded the Bachgau to the archbishop in 1292, probably a compensation deal for his vote in the election of a king, which Ulrich I obviously ignored. The feud between Ulrich I and the Archbishop of Mainz, Gerhard II von Eppstein - probably in 1298 - seems to have been very violent. Ulrich I was militarily beaten and imprisoned by the archbishop in Bingen . Ulrich I was soon released again, but the Bachgau was largely lost for Hanau. Only the villages of Langstadt , Schlierbach and Schaafheim as well as numerous isolated rights in the Bachgau remained in Hanau.

Ulrich I briefly pledged parts of the Munzenberg inheritance to the Munzenberg co-heirs, the lords of Falkenstein , namely his shares in Munzenberg , Assenheim and in 1303 also the Jews in these two places and in Nidda , which he himself held as pledge from the king. It is assumed that there was a need for money when Ulrich I participated in King Albrecht I's campaign against the Archbishop of Mainz in 1301/1302. As a result, there was a long argument with the Falkensteiners because of the question of ownership and the repurchase of these pieces by Hanau.

Alliance with the King

Ulrich I was very close to the king and took part in a number of royal military campaigns and court camps :

  • 1277 in the fight against King Ottokar of Bohemia
  • 1286/87 against Count Eberhard von Württemberg
  • 1288 against Count Reinald von Mömpelgard-Burgundy
  • 1289 in Erfurt
  • 1294 in Thuringia
  • 1298 against Albrecht of Austria . However, he won the war with the Battle of Göllheim and also imprisoned Ulrich I. He then seems to have swung to the side of the winner as quickly as possible, because from 1300 at the latest he finds himself in the entourage of the current King Albrecht I.
  • In 1301/1302 he took part in a campaign by the king against the Archbishop of Mainz. The king's victory brought Ulrich I the imperial fiefs and pledges of Gerlach von Breuberg , which were in and near the imperial cities of Frankfurt and Gelnhausen , so that Ulrich I was able to gain a foothold in these cities. In addition, he received the Gründau and Selbold courts .
  • 1305 against Bohemia
  • 1305 again against Count Eberhard von Württemberg
City wall of the old town of Hanau

The proximity to the king brought him advantages for his own rule. He achieved city rights for four places of his rule:

Regional representation of the king

In 1294 King Adolf transferred the government of the Fulda Monastery to Ulrich I after Abbot Heinrich V resigned there after considerable mismanagement. Ulrich I's government seems to have been very successful, because he even managed to solve various pledges for the abbey.

Ulrich I's policy of being close to the king was successfully crowned in 1300 with his appointment as governor (“ advocatus generalis et rector ”) in the Wetterau . There is little evidence of Ulrich I's official activity as governor. He probably held the office until his death. The office served to strengthen the position of the king in his dispute with the Rhenish electors . Their leader was again the Archbishop of Mainz. Ulrich I conquered and destroyed the Eppsteiner Steinheim Castle for the king , in which Siegfried von Eppstein , a nephew of the archbishop, had entrenched himself. The governor's district included such important cities as Oppenheim , Boppard , Oberwesel , Frankfurt, Friedberg and Gelnhausen. The appointment as governor opened up Ulrich I's regional influence beyond the borders of his territory. The most striking example of this is that Ulrich I, in his role as bailiff, was the first man from Hanau to work in the Bornheimerberg area, an area that later largely belonged to Hanau territory and surrounded the north of the city of Frankfurt in a semicircle.

death

Ulrich I died at the end of 1305 or the beginning of 1306. He was buried in the Arnsburg monastery .

literature

  • Emil Becker: The Lords of Hanau as governors in the Wetterau. In: Annual report of the Royal High School in Marburg. 1902, ZDB -ID 1067571-1 , pp. 6-24.
  • Heinrich Dannenbauer : royal family and ministerials. In: Heinrich Dannenbauer: Basics of the medieval world. Sketches and studies. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1958, pp. 329–353, here 350f.
  • Reinhard Dietrich : The state constitution in Hanau. The position of the lords and counts in Hanau-Münzenberg based on the archival sources (= Hanauer Geschichtsblätter. Vol. 34). Hanau History Association, Hanau 1996, ISBN 3-9801933-6-5 .
  • Franziska Haase: Ulrich I., Lord of Hanau 1281–1306. Münster 1924 (Münster, University, typewritten phil. Dissertation of May 27, 1925).
  • Detlev Schwennicke : European family tables: Family tables for the history of European states . NF XVI, plate 142.
  • Fred Schwind : The Landvogtei in the Wetterau. Studies on the rule and politics of the Hohenstaufen and late medieval kings (= writings of the Hessian State Office for Historical Regional Studies. Vol. 35). Elwert, Marburg 1972, ISBN 3-7708-0424-4 (Partly at the same time: Frankfurt am Main, University, dissertation, 1965–1966).
  • Fred Schwind: To the beginnings of the rule and city of Hanau. In: Eckhard Meise (Ed.): 675 years old town Hanau. Festschrift for the city anniversary and catalog for the exhibition in the Historical Museum of Hanau am Main. Peters, Hanau 1978, ISBN 3-87627-242-4 , pp. 20-34, here p. 24ff.
  • Reinhard Suchier : Genealogy of the Hanauer count house. In: Festschrift of the Hanau History Association for its 50th anniversary celebration on August 27, 1894. Heydt, Hanau 1894.
  • Ernst Julius Zimmermann : Hanau city and country. Cultural history and chronicle of a Franconian weatherwave city and former county. With special consideration of the older time. Increased edition. Self-published, Hanau 1919 (Unchanged reprint. Peters, Hanau 1978, ISBN 3-87627-243-2 ).

References

  1. ^ Ulrich I. von Hanau (?) 14th century, Arnsburg. Grave monuments in Hesse until 1650 (as of December 14, 2011). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on August 30, 2013 .
  2. ^ Theodor Ruf: Hanau and Rieneck. About the changeable relationship between two neighboring noble families in the Middle Ages. In: New magazine for Hanau history. Vol. 8, No. 6, 1986, ZDB -ID 535233-2 , pp. 300-311, here p. 304.
  3. ↑ Schwenicke also suspects an Agnes daughter, who is also said to have been a nun in Patershausen. However, she is a daughter of Ulrich II von Hanau .
  4. ↑ Marburg State Archives, OIa documents [No. 29], v. June 9, 1343
  5. ^ Helfrich Bernhard Wenck : Hessian national history. With a document book and geographical charts. Volume 1. Krieger, Darmstadt et al. 1783, p. 372.
  6. ↑ Walther Möller: Stamm-Tafeln of West German noble families in the Middle Ages. New series, volume 2. Self-published, Darmstadt 1951, p. 68; Gaston Pöttickh Graf von Pettenegg : Sphragistic communications from the German Order Central Archive. Self-published, Vienna 1884, p. 21 .
  7. ↑ Walther Möller: Stamm-Tafeln of West German noble families in the Middle Ages. New series, volume 2. Self-published, Darmstadt 1951, p. 68.
predecessor Office successor
Reinhard I. Mr. von Hanau
1281–1305 / 06 		Ulrich II.
personal data
SURNAME Ulrich I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hanau, Ulrich von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Mr. von Hanau
DATE OF BIRTH around 1255
DATE OF DEATH around 1305