Weithart (forest area)
The Weithart is a forest area in the area of the municipalities Krauchenwies and Ostrach and the cities of Mengen and Pfullendorf in the Baden-Württemberg district of Sigmaringen in Germany .
Surname
As is often assumed when interpreting the name, the wide hard is not the “wide hard”. "Wit" or "Weit" and "Hart" are ancient names for "forest" or "wood". The meanings of the words were probably no longer known to those who put them together to "Weit-Hart" (= "Wald-Wald"). - A former name of Weithart was " Huserhart " in the middle of the 15th century .
geography
location
The forest area of around 21.2 square kilometers extends in a maximum north-south extent of around ten kilometers and five and a half kilometers in an east-west direction south of Mengen and its district of Rulfingen , west of the Massener district of Rosna and the Ostrach suburbs of Habsthal , Levertsweiler and Magenbuch-Lausheim , north of the Pfullendorfer districts of Mottschieß and Schwäblishausen and east of Krauchenwies and its district of Hausen am Andelsbach .
The landscape belongs to the at an altitude between around 590 m above sea level. NHN in the "Stangenhau" and 660 m above sea level. NHN lying in the forest Krauchenwieser Weithart the southwest German Alpine foothills of this is in the old and young moraine distinguished. The entire Weithart lies in the area of the old moraine, that is, the starting material for the soil formation comes from the Riss cold period . After the ice retreated, the soil that was carried along at the bottom of the glacier developed into the soils that are around 200,000 years old today . The fine, clayey components have often shifted downwards and formed water-retaining layers. As a result, extensive backwater bottoms are available in the Weithart .
structure
Today, Weithart is divided among the four neighboring communities of Krauchenwies, Mengen, Ostrach and Pfullendorf.
| Krauchenwieser Forest | |||
| District 7: "Krauchenwieser Weithart", with the departments | |||
| 1 "tower" | 2 "cross column" | 3 "Burned Piece" | 4 "Mösle" |
| 5 "horse sky" | |||
| District 8: "Hauser Weithart", with the departments | |||
| 1 "clay pit" | 2 "French strike" | 3 "Rossgottsacker" | 4 "Veris angle" |
| 5 "Hohe Tann" | 6 "Print up" | ||
| District 9: "Stückle" | |||
| District 11: "Hauser Hau" with the departments | |||
| 1 "Wolfsacker" | 2 "Fuchsbühl" | ||
| Urban forest quantities | |||
| District 6: "Bremen Forest", with the departments | |||
| 1 "Lower Bremerholz" | 2 "Upper Bremerholz" | 3 "Vorderer Granerweg" | 4 "Hinterer Granerweg" |
| 5 "Vorderer Granerbirken" | 6 "Graner Birch" | ||
| District 7: "Stangenhau", with the departments | |||
| 1 "Aspenhäule" | 2 "Front clay pit" | 3 "rear clay pit" | 4 "Front handrail" |
| 5 "rear handrail" | 6 "Vorderer Totenweg" | 7 "Hinterer Totenweg" | 8 "Front Kismersöhmd" |
| 9 "gravel pit" | 10 "Golpenhau" | 11 "Drinking Trög" | 12 "Vorderer Rosnaer Fußweg" |
| 13 "Middle Rosna footpath" | 14 "Hinterer Rosnaer Fußweg" | 15 "tire valley" | 16 "Hinterer Kismersöhmdweg" |
| 17 "Dark woods" | 18 "Hinterer Golpenhau" | 19 "Granertölle" | 20 "Rappenwinkel" |
| 21 "Rosna Gate" | 22 "Hochberg" | ||
| District 8: "Burkhardshauser Wald", with the departments | |||
| 1 "Vorderer Burkhardshauser" | 2 "Hinterer Burkhardshauser" | 3 "Hardäcker" | 4 "frost hole" |
| 5 "Gügele" | 6 "Treasury" | 7 "Fuchshalde" | 8 "Fohrenwäldle" |
| 9 "Hinteres Fohrenwäldle" | 10 "Schauberthau" | 11 "Hirschsoppen" | 12 "Gähstich" |
| 13 "Gmeinertratt" | |||
| District 9: "Rosnaer Wald", with the departments | |||
| 1 "Vorderes Golpenriedle" | 2 "Hinteres Golpenriedle" | 3 "Bühlhäule" | 4 "Weiherhalde" |
| 5 "Goldbach" | 6 "grave mounds" | 7 "Front Habsthaler Spitz" | 8 "Kohlhau" |
| 9 "Hinterer Habsthaler Spitz" | 10 "Kleinerswies" | 11 "Rear wide hard" | 12 "Front wide hard" |
| District 10: "Rulfinger Wald", with the departments | |||
| 1 "Purchased Forests" | 2 "Langhau" | 3 "Hauser Häule" | 4 "Vorderer Steighau" |
| 5 "Hinterer Steighau" | 6 "Front anthill" | 7 "Soppen" | 8 "Rear anthill" |
| 9 "Roßbühlhau" | 10 "Kohlgrube" | 11 "discounts" | 12 "Härdtmösle" |
| 13 "Far hard" | 14 "High Jackdaw" | 15 "Schönenberg" | 16 "Rear Bäbeleseich" |
| 17 "Roßbühlau" | 18 "white moss" | 19 "Black Moss" | 20 "Vorderes Waldfeld" |
| 21 "Hinteres Waldfeld" | 22 "Black Trench" | 23 "Vorderes Hauser Ösch" | 24 "Hinteres Hauser Ösch" |
| 25 "Kronenwirtswies" | 26 "Front other width" | 27 "other back width" | 28 "Vordere Bäbeleseich" |
| 29 "Pig pit" | 30 "Lower Black Moss" | 31 "Levertswiesen" | 32 "back of the house" |
| 33 "Finsterhölzle" | |||
| Ostrach forest | |||
| District 15: "Weithart", with the departments | |||
| 1 "Magenbucher Weithart" | 2 "Lausheimer Weithart" | 3 "Stückle" | |
| District 16: "Levertsweiler Weithart", with the departments | |||
| 1 "Rising" | 2 "Langer Graben" | 3 "Am Munilager" | 4 "America" |
| Pfullendorf Hospital Forest | |||
| District XX: "Hochholz", with the departments | |||
| 1 "Mösle" | 2 "Hohholz" | 3 "Hürsten" | 5 "Lauser pond" |
| Stadtwald Pfullendorf | |||
| District VII: "Weithart", with the departments | |||
| 1 "When shaft rub" | 2 "Kohlhau" | 3 "Am Lauserteichle" | 4 "Geishalde" |
| 6 "Lauser pond" | 7 "Barrochsenhau" | 8 "Am Spitalholz" | 9 "Mottschießer forest" |
| 10 "Schwäblishauser Wald" | |||
climate
The Weithart has a continental climate with a high tendency to early and late frosts . The mean annual temperature is 7.1 ° C, and on average for the last hundred years, due to the rain shadow of the Swabian Alb , only around 750 millimeters of precipitation fell per year.
Waters
The Weithart is on the north by Ablach- , to the west by Andelsbach - and on the east by Ostrachtal limited.
To Ablach is the forest area from Elzenbrühl- , Fohrenhäule- , Goldbuch- , Mittlererweg- , sulfur digging and Krauchenwieser village stream, for Andelsbach from Semmebach and to Ostrach from Fohrenstockgraben drained.
- Lausheimer pond
The Lausheimer Weiher on the edge of the Weithart, the only body of water of this type and this size in the area, was originally created as a fish pond by the Habsthal Abbey . Later the power of the water drove the grinding tunnels of the Lausheimer mill.
Protected areas
In the north, between Rulfingen, Rosna and Mengen, the Weithart is part of the Obere Donau Nature Park , an area with ecologically valuable, diverse habitats.
Southwest of the intersection of state roads 268 and 286 is at an altitude of 642 m above sea level. NHN , the eleven hectares large nature reserve " black moss " ( ). The main protection purpose is the preservation of an area with typical landscape and culturally and historically significant meadow biotopes, which serve as living and retreat areas for species-rich and endangered flora and fauna and are a relic of the last historical compromise site in Weithart.
In addition, the " Lausheimer Weiher " landscape conservation area and 22 biotopes throughout the area are designated to protect the landscape, fauna and flora.
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Biotopes in the area of Weithart Comment on 'Lage': K = Krauchenwies, M = Mengen, O = Ostrach |
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| Surname | Protected area number |
location |
Size [ ha ] |
comment |
| Reclaimed wood SW Krauchenwies | 279214370304 | K | 1.0524 | Structured old wood on an exposed slope |
| Bacheschenwald in the anthill SW Rulfingen | 279214371177 | M. | 1.4068 | Rare forest community close to nature |
| Bacheschenwald S Rulfingen | 279214371175 | M. | 0.3634 | rare near-natural forest community |
| Reclaimed beech wood N Rosna | 279214371183 | M. | 0.5688 | rare near-natural forest community |
| Reclaimed beech wood Störenberg N Lausheim | 280214370362 | O | 1.0151 | rare near-natural forest community |
| Beech forest in the anthill SW Rulfingen | 279214371184 | M. | 0.8644 | rare near-natural forest community |
| Beech forest O Krauchenwies | 279214370014 | K | 5.5683 | rare near-natural forest community with beech trees |
| Buchenwald SO Krauchenwies | 279214370938 | K | 1.6019 | rare near-natural forest community |
| Beech forests NW Habstal | 280214370361 | O
|
2.4675 | rare near-natural forest community |
| Alder-ash forest W Rosna | 279214370018 | M / O | 0.4601 | rare near-natural forest community in a wet hollow |
| Wetland W Habsthal | 280214370051 | O
|
0.2420 | Bog area and wetland habitat |
| Spruce-bog edge forest SW Magenbuch | 280214370074 | O | 10.6308 | rare near-natural forest community |
| Tall herbaceous corridor south of Mengen | 179214371761 | M. | 0.1909 | Area of local importance |
| Sources and Bach SW Rosna | 279214371186 | M / O
|
0.1909 | Sources and near-natural stream section |
| Sources and streams O Rulfingen | 279214371171 | M. | 0.2658 | Sources and subsequent small forest streams |
| Spring forest S Krauchenwies | 279214370006 | K | 1.3096 | rare near-natural forest community with old ash wood |
| Reeds SO Rulfingen | 279214371431 | M. | 0.2862 | Bog area and wetland habitat |
| Reeds at the edge of the forest S Rulfingen | 179214379047 | M. | 0.0444 | Area of local importance |
| Seggenried in the Tafelweihertal | 179214371504 | M. | 0.6181 | Area of local importance and well developed |
| Pool S Krauchenwies | 280214370921 | K
|
0.0053 | small pond with silting areas |
| Tümpel Weithart W Rosna | 279214371517 | O | 0.0867 | two still waters |
| Weiher SO Krauchenwies | 279214370016 | K
|
0.1608 | A pond created around 1950 with silting areas and an island |
Water protection areas
Southwest of Rosna is the 242 hectare water protection area “Fohrenstock-Kohlhau” (WSG-Nr-Amt 437.085), northeast of Rulfingen the water protection area “Messkircher Straße” (WSG-Nr-Amt 437.014). Both serve to secure the public water supply.
history
Barrows
First traces in what is now wide Harts found in Won "Fohrenstock" ( ). In 1854, Carl Freiherr von Mayenfisch , head of the Princely Hohenzollern Collections and the library in Sigmaringen since 1846, opened three burial mounds here; the grave goods could be found from the late Hallstatt period around 500 BC. Be assigned. Another two graves are in Grunheimer Holz ( ), five in Stangenhau ( / ) and one grave near Roßbühl ( ).
Roman times
The Romans subjugated in 15 BC BC the Celtic tribal group of the Vindeliker, who settled in the foothills of the Alps between Lake Constance and Inn , and cultivated the area. Two Roman roads led through the area: one from Altshausen via Ostrach, Wangen , Bernweiler, Habsthal and Krauchenwies to Sigmaringen , another, probably older, from Pfullendorf via Mottschieß through the Weithart to Mengen .
middle Ages
The forest remained untouched until around the 8th / 12th century , only at this time the Weithart was opened up in the course of the settlement of the Danube and Lake Constance . Between 1200 and 1740, the Weithart was shared: burning - and timber utilization were the former Main usages, wood pasture , grass - scattered - and moss Terms and charcoal , resin - and bark extraction were the main Side usages.
On the basis of a pollen analysis carried out in the "Hirschsoppenmoor" in 1948 , the composition of the primeval forest could be determined up to the 12th century , that is, before human influence:
| Weithart trees around 1200 | |||||||
| Spruce trees | Fir trees | Pine trees | Σ conifers | Book | Oak trees | other* | Σ deciduous trees |
| 5% | 3% | 23% | 31% | 13% | 9% | 47% | 69% |
| * including alder , ash , willow , birch | |||||||
Development
use
The residents of Mengens and Pfullendorf had a very large need for firewood, from the beginning they had access to the stocks of red and hornbeam , birch and ash. The European beech, which accounts for 13 percent of the primeval forest, had largely disappeared after two to three hundred years; in 1740 it was no longer mentioned.
On May 30, 1740, the 2374 Jauchert (= 875 hectares) large Weithart, which had been used jointly until then, became part of the two towns of Mengen and Pfullendorf as well as the ten neighboring communities Habsthal, Hausen, Krauchenwies, Lausheim, Levertsweiler, Magenbuch, Mottschieß, Rosna, Rulfingen and Schwäblishausen divided according to the number of households. The Princely Houses of Fürstenberg and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen , the Habsthal Monastery and the Reichsstift Salem signed the contract and the corresponding card for their communities .
|
Redistribution of the Weithart from May 30, 1740 A Jauchert is the area that can be plowed by an ox or a team of oxen in a single day. 1 Württ. Jauchert ≈ 0.3309 hectares |
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 Princely Fürstenberg rule
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 Princely Hohenzollern sovereignty
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| place | Chimneys | Shouts | place | Chimneys | Shouts |
| Schwäblishausen | 43 | 92 | Krauchenwies | 113 | 229 |
| Salmansweil Abbey | 28 | 60 | Hausen | 87 | 187 |
| Lausheim | 16 | 34 | Rulfingen | 73 | 157 |
| Levertsweiler | 37 | 79 | Mottschießen | 16 | 34 |
| Pfullendorf | 336 | 721 | |||
| amounts | 309 | 663 | |||
| Habsthal Monastery | 26th | 56 | |||
| Rosna | 29 | 62 | all in all | 1.107 | 2,374 |
| The division of the Weithart according to “ Plan About The Forest Weithardt, So Abgethaillet Ao: 1740 ” from 1743 | |||||||||
| No | Declaration of the tremors | Jauch | Four | Rue | No | Declaration of the tremors | Jauch | Four | Rue |
| 1 | A desolate place on the goldtbach | 11 | 1 | 47 | 13 | dreary blatz against hausen | 1 | 2 | 97 |
| 2 | Löbl: instead of Menger Theill | 662 | 3 | 22nd | 14th | The municipality of Schweblishausen thaill | 92 | 94 | |
| 3 | the municipality of Ruelfingen thaill | 156 | 2 | 24 | 15th | The municipality of Mottschieß thaill | 34 | 1 | 28 |
| 4th | dreary blatz against Krauchenwiis | 16 | 48 | 16 | to 19, see below | ||||
| 5 | Sigmaringen partly ruled because of Krauchenwiiser Castle | 30th | 12 | 19th | Löbl: City of Pfullendorff Theill | 720 | 2 | 88 | |
| 6th | The municipality of Krauchenwiis thaill | 199 | 1 | 94 | 20th | to 19, see above | |||
| 7th | or blatz the heart of Mößle | 8th | 74 | 17th | dreary blatz on the Levuentschweiller weeg | 2 | 91 | ||
| 8th | the black musk is dreary | 24 | 3 | 39 | 18th | dreary space in the old Weyher pond | 3 | 1 | 50 |
| 9 | dreary blatz against Haabsthall | 1 | 1 | 69 | 21st | The municipality of Levuentschweiller theill | 79 | 1 | 46 |
| 10 | The municipality of Roßnau thaill | 62 | 82 | 22nd | The municipality of Laushaim thaill | 34 | 1 | 28 | |
| 11 | Löbl: Haabsthall Thaill church | 55 | 3 | 8th | 23 | dreary blatz in hertle | 1 | 3 | 50 |
| 12 | The municipality of thaill | 186 | 2 | 26th | 24 | Löbl: Sallem church (note: "and holdings") | 79 | 7th | 282 |
“In the year 1743 both Löbl: instead of Pfullendorff and Mengen of the municipality Krauchenwiis, from their Weithardt participants every 15th together 30th Jauchers, and although the first sub-nro: 15 between the municipality instead of Pfullendorff and the municipality Mottschieß. the latter, however, Sub Nro: 6 between the instead of quantities and the commune krauchenwiis, both of which are left over. "
The forest regulations issued in connection with the division of the Weithart contained 19 forest-friendly provisions, rules and prohibitions, but large quantities of wood were taken from the Weithart in the following centuries - without knowing the increase in wood - the so-called Femel enterprise prevailed : they were struck each of the strongest trees and plundered the forest. In addition, the forest was subject to unhindered grazing, which lasted from Georgi (April 23) to Catherine's Day (November 25).
In the course of secularization in 1803 after the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss in Regensburg " all goods of the monasteries, abbeys and monasteries were left to the respective sovereigns for free disposal "; The Salem Monastery share of Weithart (22.2 hectares) went to the Princely House of Thurn und Taxis , while the 20.3 hectares of Habsthal Monastery were allocated to the House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.
The condition of Weithart improved due to the discontinuation of forest pastures in quantities in 1827 and until the end of the 1840s in the other Weithart communities, a new survey in the years 1843 to 1845 as well as the establishment of so-called forest management works with a determination of the amount of wood use after more detailed Assessment of the condition based on the growth and age of the forest.
After various property swaps, transfers of ownership and stock removal (the removal of the roots) over the course of around 150 years, the municipal reform in the 1970s brought the last major change in the ownership structure of the Weithart: the Weithart shares of Lausheim and Levertsweiler, Hausen and Krauchenwies, Mengen, Rosna and Rulfingen as well as Pfullendorf, Mottschieß and Schwäblishausen were united within the respective overall community forest, the respective forest portion in the Weithart became less important.
At the end of the 1980s, around 225 hectares of the Pfullendorfer Stadtwald, a third of the Krauchenwieser Forest and eleven percent of the Ostrach community forest lay in Weithart. Since the beginning of the 19th century, a total of around 60 hectares of the Weithart has been lost due to clearing for road construction and military grounds as well as stock removal.
Compromise places
On the map from 1740, so-called “barren places” are shown, not suitable for tree stocking, woodless areas totaling 74 Jauchert and 15 rods (= 27 hectares), distributed over the whole of Weithart. They were not divided and had to remain open for common pasture use. The common pasture use that had previously taken place in the entire Weithart was now limited to these “barren places” or “compromise places”. You can recognize these places on the map as swampy, wet areas; on them, conifers have problems growing. Their names like Im Altweiherteich , Im Herzenmösle and Schwarzes Moos indicate the constant influence of water.
The compromise spots became futile when the forest pasture was abolished between 1820 and 1840. In 1845 some of them were auctioned, sold to the communities and then mostly reforested. Old oaks can be found in all places ; these were very important in the pasture use because of the acorns for feeding purposes.
The 16 Jauchert 48 Ruten (about six hectares) large " desert place against Krauchenwies " was distributed to the House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and the communities of Krauchenwies and Rulfingen. For a long time, the area was used by the Krauchenwies community as a cadaver place and fecal pit . The former clay pits were popularly known as “ Roßhimmel ” because horse carcasses were buried here .
With the exception of the approximately 25 Jauchert (around ten hectares) large black moss , all compromise sites were afforested in 1881.
The municipality of Krauchenwies designed a scenic area of water in the desolate “ Herzenmösle ” square .
Streets
The road through the Weithart, mentioned in the section "Roman Era", was rebuilt in 1776 under Maria Theresia - the Weithart area was then part of Upper Austria ; Today it runs as Landesstraße 268 from Pfullendorf via Mottschieß to Mengen. In addition to the state road 286 running from Habsthal to Krauchenwies, the three district roads 8239 (Hausen am Andelsbach - Rulfingen), 8240 (Rulfingen - Rosna - Habsthal - Levertsweiler - Lausheim) and 8242 (Lausheim - Mottschieß) also lead through the Weithart.
Hiking trails
In addition to some local hiking trails signposted by the neighboring communities, the Habsthaler Jakobsweg, part of the Via Beuronensis from Bad Saulgau via Habsthal to Pfullendorf, as well as the loops " 2 " and " 3 " of the Upper Swabian pilgrimage route through Weithart.
From the "Aspenhäule parking lot" ( ), two signposted jogging / walking laps, 3.8 and 7.3 kilometers in length, lead through the Mengening Forest.
Flora and fauna
flora
The following plants, some of which are worthy of protection, are recorded in the Weithart:
-
Birch family (Betulaceae)
- Gray alder or white alder ( Alnus incana ); in the biotope "springs and brooks O Rulfingen"
- Hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus ), also white beech , hornbeam or horn tree referred to; Tree of the year 1996
- Silver birch ( Betula pendula ), also called sand , white or warty birch ; among others in the biotope "Weiher SO Krauchenwies"
- Bog birch ( Betula pubescens ), also called hair , broom , glass or hairy birch ; in the biotope "Wetland W Habsthal"
- Black alder ( Alnus glutinosa ); in the "Quellwald S Krauchenwies" biotope
-
Beech family (Fagaceae)
- Common beech ( Fagus sylvatica ); Tree of the year 1990
- English oak ( Quercus robur ), including English oak or German oak called; Tree of the year 1989
- Sessile oak ( Quercus petraea ); in the "Buchenwald O Krauchenwies" biotope
-
Pine family (Pinaceae)
- Norway spruce ( Picea abies ), also Common spruce , red spruce or red spruce called
- Green Douglas fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco var. Menziesii ); in the "Buchenwald O Krauchenwies" biotope
- Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ), and Scots pine , Scotch pine , white pine or Forche called
- European silver fir ( Abies alba )
-
Olive family (Oleaceae)
- Common ash , common ash or tall ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ); in the "Quellwald S Krauchenwies" biotope
-
Rose family (Rosaceae)
- Rowan , common language often the rowan or mountain ash ( Sorbus aucuparia )
-
Soap tree family (Sapindaceae)
- Sycamore maple ( Acer pseudoplatanus ); among others in the biotopes "Quellwald S Krauchenwies" and "Buchenwald O Krauchenwies"
-
Elm family (Ulmaceae)
- Field elm ( Ulmus minor ) or Iper ; in the biotope "springs and brooks O Rulfingen"
-
Willow family (Salicaceae)
- Ash willow ( Salix cinerea ), also called gray willow ; in the biotope "Seggenried im Tafelweihertal"
- Broken willow ( Salix fragilis ), also cracked willow ; in the biotope "Wetland W Habsthal"
- Aspen , aspen or aspen ( Populus tremula ); among others in the biotopes "Altholz SW Krauchenwies" and "Buchenwälder NW Habstal"
- Ear willow , auricle or sage willow ( Salix aurita ); in the biotope "Wetland W Habsthal"
- Purple willow ( Salix purpurea ); in the biotope "tall herbaceous fields south of Mengen"
- Sal willow ( Salix caprea ); in the "Altholz SW Krauchenwies" biotope
fauna
Amphibians
-
Toads and barbour frogs (Bombinatoridae)
- Yellow-bellied toad ( Bombina variegata ), also called mountain toad ; Lurch of the year 2014
-
Real frogs
- Common Frog ( Rana temporaria )
- Pond frog ( Pelophylax "esculentus" )
-
Real salamanders
- Mountain Newt or Alpine Newt ( Ichthyosaura alpestris )
- Pond newt ( Lissotriton vulgaris ); Lurch of the year 2010
insects
-
Grasshoppers (Orthoptera)
- Marsh grasshopper ( Chorthippus montanus ); in the "black moss"
- Marsh Grasshopper ( Stethophyma grossum ); in the "black moss"
-
Dragonflies (Odonata)
- Blue-green mermaid ( Aeshna cyanea ); in the biotope "Tümpel Weithart W Rosna"; Dragonfly of the year 2012
-
Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
- Brown fire butterfly ( Lycaena tityrus ), also called sulfur birds ; in the "black moss"
- Blue-red clover ( Polyommatus semiargus ); in the "black moss"
- Bugs (Heteroptera): back swimmers and water striders ; in the biotope "Tümpel Weithart W Rosna"
Reptiles
-
Adders (Colubridae)
- Grass snake ( Natrix natrix )
-
Sneaking (Anguidae)
- Slow worm ( Anguis fragilis )
Mammals
As early as 1776/77, attempts were made in large driven hunts to exterminate the wild boars that caused great damage , animals caught alive were brought to the Josefslust Wildlife Park , but the wild boar has proven to be very superior to this day. In addition to wild boars, the Weithart now has a large population of badgers , squirrels , red foxes , rabbits , polecats , martens , deer and weasels .
Birds
Besides owls and codgers , snipe (Scolopacidae), woodpeckers (Picidae) and pigeons (Columbidae) the following types are included:
-
Warblers (Sylviidae)
- Feldschwirl ( Locustella naevia ), among others in the biotope "Seggenried im Tafelweihertal"
-
Hawk species (Accipitridae)
- Goshawk ( Accipiter gentilis ); Bird of the year 2015
- Common buzzard ( Buteo buteo )
- Red kite ( Milvus milvus ), also known as fork or king harrier; Bird of the year 2000
-
Corvids (Corvidae)
- Jackdaw ( Corvus monedula ); Bird of the year 2012
- Eurasian Jay ( Garrulus glandarius )
- Magpie ( pica pica )
Say
The legends about the Weithart are centuries old . They live on in people's consciousness, albeit often indistinct and blurred. The fact that they can be presented is not least thanks to the late Father Benedikt Hänggi von Habsthal, the “ Waldbruder vom Weithart ”, who liked to tell about the ghostly figures of his forest and also left some notes on the Weithart sagas.
There is next to castle ghosts from Hausener Hölzle , the evil Gügele woman from Rulfingen, the golden hen , a magic bird that lured people greedy for gold and money, the Hölzle ghost , the witch Weithart-Weible and the Kraner ghost as well also told the Red Hans von Mottschieß and the Black Vere about an enchanted nunnery . - Some of these figures play a central role today in the Swabian-Alemannic Carnival in the surrounding towns.
The castle ghosts from Hausener Hölzle
“At the“ White Cross ”, however, the“ B u r g e i s t e r v o m H a u s e n e r H o l z l e ”wander quietly and seriously, lisping strange words. It is the knight's maiden and lord of the castle who sat in Bittelschiess in the high castle and, without having cleared up their soul matters, were surprised by an abrupt death. The good wishes of the hikers who pass by the "White Cross" help them to find peace of mind over time. "
The golden hen and the far-hard woman
“Inside, however, in the deeper forest floor, every night at 12 o'clock the“ G o l d i g e H e n n e ”cackles, which also lays“ golden eggs ”. Their plumage shines in true magical splendor, and whoever could catch them or just one of their eggs would be richer in one night than the richest man in the world. But that neither of the two is allowed to be, this is ensured by the "W e i t h a r t - W e i b l e", which always removes the eggs when a person approaches and scares away the wonder chicken. The Weithart-Weible is popularly an old, desolate, hunchbacked, wrinkled woman with a sloppy, torn skirt - such a borrowing witch. It encrusts in the timber and in the forested stands and is immediately on the spot if someone gets lost, diligently showing him the "right" path. If he then hits it, the old witch's gleeful laughter soon rings out behind him, and the wanderer is even more confused. "
The Enchanted Nunnery
“In the middle of northern Weithart at the witching hour at the four festivals of the church year, however, the infinitely sweet, even heavenly melodies of the choir singing of“ V e r z a u b e r t e n o n n e n k l o s t e r ”with organ tones and the sound of bells sound incomparably more lovely than the spot echo of the lying woman. The vernacular puts a monastery in the Weithart that would have existed at the beginning of the first Christian times. The Huns wanted to devastate the monastery with their incursions. But when they thought they were at the gate, they stood in front of a barren forest meadow, but heard the ringing of the monastery bells and the magical singing of the nuns as if from a great distance. And the ringing and singing can still be heard in the Four Festival Nights up to the last day. "
The Hölzle spirit
“The Zaunhölzle, a foothill of the Weithart extending to the west between Hausen and Krauchenwies, is the forest area in which the“ Hölz l e - G e i s t ”is up to mischief. Nobody has seen him in his real form, but when suddenly at night in the silence of the forest he indicates his proximity with eerie noises in the cracking and crackling of dry brushwood or with a moan coming from the bottom of the forest, or when he is silent as terrifying shadow ghost persistently and creepily pursued the midnight returnees and floats around them, then the hiker accelerates his steps to escape his ominous spell with a pounding heart. "
The Gügele woman
“On the Gügele, a mountain in front of the Weithart near Rulfingen, lives the evil“ Gü g e l e - W e i b ”, which not only frightens the Rulfingen people, but also spreads fear and horror from its witch's seat deep into the Weithart. In ancient times, the insidious castle woman held his malevolent subjects prisoner in Gügele Castle, whose moans of death echoed the subterranean chambers. The bloodthirsty old woman once incited the Huns into the village, which at that time is said to have leaned directly against the slopes of the Gügeleberg and the castle walls of the cursed rock nest. The dreaded woman had grown very old. Later a noble litter called Rudoif came, who put the ban on the mischief of the ancients, brought protection to the village that had been hounded from pagan times and gave it its glorious name Rudolf ingen. But finally there was no rest from the witch's activities until the messengers of faith of St. Gallus preached the Christian faith in Upper Swabia and destroyed the pagan sacrificial sites in the area. When the bell rang for the first time in the Muittergotteskirche in Ennetach, the old witch on the Gügeleburg threw herself desperately at her sword. But the following night there was a terrible crash and the proud castle sank into the mountain. From the castle woman standing in the pay of the evil spirit on the buried castle, however, popular belief later made up the "Gügele-Weible", which is not yet forgotten today and as an evil spirit drives its troubles in the hallway and forest. Still possessed by the hatred of the Christians, it chases the hunters away the game, conjures up the hailstorm from Zielfingen, but can do nothing when the weather bell of the parish church in Rulfingen is rung. It is particularly angry with the innocent children who have been baptized and would like to bewitch them at any price or attach a disease to them. On the holy night before Christmas and on Good Friday at midnight, Gügele-Frau could be redeemed if a pious maiden would come up in the forest darkness of the Weithart and, in response to a pitiful cry of lamentation that penetrated her ear, would have heart and answer: "All good spirits praise the Lord. ”But no maiden has come yet, and the hearts of the single boys who agreed more than 100 years ago to track down the Gügele Weiole in the forest fell into their pants when they came on their patrol through Weithart perceived eerie rumble and suddenly faced the fiery eyes of a large, black dog. So the Gügele woman just has to stay 's Gogeie woman, and his spirit will also be a haunted spirit in the coming generations. "
The Muotisheer
“During Advent and Lent, as well as not reluctantly around Candlemas, coming from Sigmaringendorf, the“ M u o t i s h e r ”(Wodansheer) roars through the air above Rulfingen towards Weithart in a violent storm. This is where the witches have their real witches' Sabbath. They ride through the chimney on the broom and gather in the forest meadows of the Weithart and in abandoned gravel pits, where the witches of the whole Abiachstrich take their instructions from the real gods of us. "
Red Hans, a Weithart robber
“After about half an hour's march on the Waldesstilien, Weithartstraße Mengen-Ueberlingen laid out by Empress Maria Theresia, you get from“ Schrettele-Boden ”to the second crossroads before Habsthal. There was once a red-painted Biidstöckle with the year 1800 on the Habsthai-Krauchenwies road, a few hundred steps away from the signpost, on the right. It is the place of death of Mottschieß's “R o t e n H an s”. Not far from there, at the turn of the last century, a number of the French who fell in the side skirmishes of the Battle of Ostrach found their last hideout. The Marterle was a raw oak stake, in the head of which an image of Our Lady with the baby Jesus was inserted. It was not redefined until 1818, when the "Rote Hans", one of the last far-reaching robbers, was hit by the bullet of the forester Wanner from Habsthal, who was defending himself against attacks, and met his tragic death. The memorial plaque is now attached to an oak tree. The silhouette of the Red Hans, however, had to go around for a long time as a male figure with a black, broad-brimmed hat, both hands pressed to the breast wrapped in a green doublet, in the Weithart, especially in the vicinity of the "Hohe Dohle". "
The Kraner Geist
“The forest thickets around the three road crossings in northern Weithart between Rulfingen and Rosna, at the crossroads Pfullendorf-Mengen and Krauchenwies-Habsthal and at the Weißes Kreuz between Hausen and Rulfingen are disreputable places. At the crossroads between Rulfingen and Rosna it is uncomfortable. In the fir trees mixed with oaks there is a "K raner G eist" who came to the peddler trade from Hungary many, many years ago and was suddenly surprised by death in the secluded thicket after he had been horrific shortly before in the inn in Rosna Had uttered blasphemy. But remorsefully, he breathed out the poor soul. He must walk there as a dark black figure; Panting, as if he still had the load of a carrying box to carry, he crossed the street towards the signpost at midnight. He had already run into nocturnal hikers. Who on St. Blood Friday at 12 o'clock in the morning the “spirit” looking up at the signpost asks where it is going, it has redeemed it. A few minutes from the "Kraner-Geist" into the forest, the Mengening Koehler Hut once stood still and lonely. If the kilns there burned down and the hard-working, soot-blackened men had carried away their coal, the shelter was left to its fate until a new fire was set up. Then the hut was and is still the place where it stood, the nocturnal refuge for all Schrettele, goblins and goblins who get their instructions there from the Prince of Darkness, who sits on a glowing throne. They go to haunt certain houses and wreak havoc in the stables. But if you put the signs of the Three Kings on the crossbar above the front door with chalk consecrated at the Epiphany, your household will not be able to harm either the most dangerous witch or the most worthless little imp. "
The black Vere
“Far more critical and more terrifying, however, is the big, black dog with the fiery eyes that drives home in the“ pig pit ”and describes its nocturnal line itself over the Roßbühlhau right down to the last trees of the Steigenhau. In this phantasy picture, the "S c h w a rz e V e r e", the leader of a notorious band of robbers, still lives in the saga of Weithart up to the hour. (...) The real name of Vere, a tall, strong man with raven-black, curly hair and sparkling eyes, was Xaver Hohenleiter, he was born in Rommelsried in Bavaria. In addition to the Red Hans, there were 6 male and a little more female persons among his companions who were sworn by him: the beautiful Fritz, his brother Urle, the one-eyed Fidele, the Baste, the Condéer and the Rommelshauser Schneiderle. The fair sex was also well represented: the Günzburger Sephe, the Resel, the black Agath, the Sephe, the Agnes and Kreszenz Gebhard and Ottil von Seekirch. There was also an old woman, the mother of Agnes, Kreszenz and Agath, called the "dirty mother". Vere, a cunning and superior rascal, held the leadership of the gang firmly in hand. (...) He must go around there because he remained a stubborn sinner until he was struck by lightning in a thunderstorm in midsummer 1819 after his final capture in the Ehinger gate tower in Biberach. "
Others
Mottschieß ammunition depot
The former Mottschieß ammunition depot is located northeast of Mottschieß and west of Levertsweiler . During the Cold War , nuclear warheads , among other things, were stored in the fenced-in area with buildings, watchtowers and warehouses .
literature
- Mühlebach, Josef: Legends and stories from Weithart in Hohenzollerische Heimat , 3rd year, No. 3, p. 34f, July 1953; Ed .: Hohenz. History association
- Mühlebach, Josef: Der Weithart - A local history hike (1st part) in Hohenzollerische Heimat , 8th year, No. 1, pp. 1ff, January 1958; Ed .: Hohenz. History association
- Schmidt, Jürgen: The forest Weithart from a forestry point of view, yesterday and today (1st part) in Hohenzollerische Heimat , 39th year, No. 3, p. 43ff, September 1989; Ed .: Hohenz. History association
- Schmidt, Jürgen: The forest Weithart from a forestry point of view, yesterday and today (end) in Hohenzollerische Heimat , 39th year, No. 4, p. 52f, December 1989; Ed .: Hohenz. History association
- Schöntag, Wilfried: The forest Weithart and the Weithartgenossenschaft in Hohenzollerische Heimat , 39th year, No. 4, p. 58, December 1989; Ed .: Hohenz. History association
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Top25 Viewer [Top. Map 1: 100000 Baden-Württemberg]
- ↑ Personal information from the Sigmaringen district office, forest department, Forstl. Managing Director Günter Jochum (November 26, 2015) and "Waldortkarte, Blatt 23" as of July 27, 2015
- ^ E-mail from the Sigmaringen district office, forest department, Forstl. Managing Director Günter Jochum, dated December 29, 2015: "The forests are divided into districts and departments, not into sections."
- ↑ Josef Mühlebach: From the history of the water supply Hausen a. A. In: Hohenzollerischer Geschichtsverein (Hrsg.): Hohenzollerische Heimat, Volume 18, No. 3/1968 , pp. 44–46, here pp. 45f.
- ↑ Profile of the nature reserve in the LUBW's list of protected areas , section " Protection purpose"
- ↑ Water protection areas and further links on the website of the State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg (LUBW); Retrieved November 20, 2015
- ^ Plan des Weithart from 1740 in the German Digital Library , accessed on December 3, 2015
- ^ The Weithart robber at the Burrenweible guild ( Memento from December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on November 11, 2015
- ^ Ravensburger Schwarze Veri Zunft , accessed on January 7, 2016
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