Zone times in Russia
In Russia , as in the past (before 2010), eleven zone times are used as official times : UTC + 2 to UTC + 12 . There is no longer a temporary changeover to daylight saving time .
Russia extends from about 20 ° east in an easterly direction over the 180th degree of longitude to 170 ° west. This corresponds roughly to the eleven time zones extending between 22.5 ° East to 172.5 ° West, each 15 ° wide , whose reference longitudes are 30 ° East, 45 ° East, ..., 180 ° East. The associated zone times (UTC + 2 to UTC + 12), which differ from each other and from Greenwich Mean Time by multiples of hours, are also used in Russia. However, the eleven areas or area groups of their validity only insufficiently, and often not at all, fit into the uniform time zone grid. You stretch z. Sometimes not between south and north, but from southwest to northeast. There are relatively small areas, each with a zone time on the southern edge of a larger area with a different zone time. One zone time is used in three, another in two non-contiguous areas. In the USA, which also has a large west-east extension, the four time zones there (excluding Alaska and Hawaii ) are more likely to be identifiable as roughly equally wide time zones extending between south and north. There the use of the term time zone is more meaningful than in Russia.
Between 2010 and 2014, the number of zone times was reduced to nine. UTC + 4 and UTC + 12 were omitted . In addition, summer time was maintained for around three and a half years from 2011. As a result, the nine zone times had also changed from UTC + 3 to UTC + 12.
After persistent criticism from the population, Russia returned to normal time on October 26, 2014 and abolished the earlier temporary changeover to summer time. In addition, the number of zone times was increased again to eleven. Since most areas in Russia with their own zone time are one hour ahead of the position of the sun due to the decree time anyway, conditions are similar to those in the big cities (from west to east) Saint Petersburg , Yekaterinburg , Omsk , Irkutsk , Vladivostok and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky all year round in central European cities during summer time (e.g. Cologne , Berlin , Zurich and Vienna ).
Area assignment of the zone times since 2018
On October 28, 2018, the Volgograd Oblast switched from Moscow to Samara time (UTC + 4).
The area allocation of all eleven zone times has since been as follows:
.svg)
The only subject of the Russian Federation that has more than one zone time is the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). While most of the Sakha Republic has Yakutsk time (UTC + 9), some Ulussen have UTC + 10 and the easternmost part UTC + 11.
In Russian rail traffic , the clocks at train stations across the country are generally set to Moscow time, while in Russian air traffic at airports, the time is generally set to local time.
Area assignment of the 2016–2018 zone times
On March 27, 2016, the clock was put forward by one hour in the following federation subjects, thus extending the time area adjacent to the east to the west:
- Astrakhan Oblast
- Ulyanovsk Oblast
- Altai region
- Altai Republic
- Transbaikalia region
- Sakhalin Oblast (except for the Severo-Kurilsk district , which was one hour earlier UTC + 11 )
On April 24, 2016, Magadan Oblast was added to the east adjoining time area with UTC + 11.
On May 29, 2016, Tomsk Oblast and Novosibirsk Oblast on July 24, 2016, were added to the east adjoining time area with UTC + 7.
On December 4, 2016, the Saratov Oblast was added to the east adjoining time area with UTC + 4.
The area allocation of all eleven zone times was then as follows:
.svg)
Area assignment of the zone times 2014–2016
After the year-round summer time was abolished on October 26, 2014 by a one-time reset of the clocks and some federal subjects had changed the time zone, the following allocation of the eleven zone times existed:
.svg)
The only subjects of the Russian Federation that had more than one zone time were the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and Sakhalin Oblast . While most of the Sakha Republic had Yakutsk time (UTC + 9), some Ulussen had UTC + 10 and in the easternmost part it was UTC + 11. Most of Sakhalin Oblast (the island of Sakhalin and the southwestern Kuril Islands as far as Simushir ) had UTC + 10, only the northeastern Kuril Islands from Ketoi (administratively combined to the urban district Severo-Kurilsk ) had UTC + 11.
On October 26, 2014, in addition to the general provision of one hour each in all nine previously existing time areas, the following changes or exceptions were made:
- The Samara Oblast and the Republic of Udmurtia had not Moscow time (now UTC + 3) but were given their own, the Samara Time (UTC + 4). The clocks did not need to be reset.
- The Kemerovo Oblast switched from the Omsk time (now UTC + 6) to Krasnoyarsk time (now UTC + 7). The clocks did not need to be reset.
- The Transbaikalia region changed from Yakutsk time (now UTC + 9) to Irkutsk time (now UTC + 8). The clocks were put back two hours.
- The Oblast Magadan (and therefore now renamed Srednekolymsker time now UTC + 11) to Vladivostok time (now UTC + 10) moved from Magadan time. The clocks were put back two hours.
- The Kamchatka region and the Chukchi Autonomous Okrug were spun off from the former Magadan time area (now Srednekolymsk time, UTC + 11) and got their own time, the Kamchatka time (UTC + 12). The clocks did not need to be reset.
Area allocation of the zone times 2010–2014
In November 2009, Russian President Medvedev proposed a reduction in zone times as a contribution to increasing economic efficiency. As a result, since March 28, 2010, there have only been nine zone times instead of eleven. UTC + 4 was omitted. The only two small areas (Samara and Udmurtia) with this zone time got the neighboring Moscow time UTC + 3. In the far east, UTC + 12 was omitted, as the affected area (Kamchatka and others) was merged with the UTC + 11 area to the west.
.svg)
The UTC zone times specified in the "Difference to UTC" column are the summer times that were used all year round from 2011 to 2014. It had previously been set back to normal time in winter 2010/2011 .
The only subjects of the Russian Federation that had more than one zone time were the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and Sakhalin Oblast . While most of the Sakha Republic had Yakutsk time (UTC + 10), some Ulussen had UTC + 11 and in the easternmost part it was UTC + 12. The largest part of Sakhalin Oblast (the island of Sakhalin and the southwestern Kurils to Simushir ) belonged to UTC + 11, only the northeastern Kurils from Ketoi (administratively combined to the Severo-Kurilsk district) had UTC + 12.
Area allocation of the zone times 2002–2010
In the far east there used to be the zone time UTC + 13, which was abolished in 1982 when the affected area was given UTC + 12.
The following two zone times were abolished in 2010:
| Surname | Abbreviations (standard / summer) |
Difference to UTC | assigned areas |
|---|---|---|---|
| Samara time | VELVET / SATURD | UTC + 4 | Samara and Udmurtia Oblast |
| Kamchatka Period | PETT / PETST | UTC + 12 | Kamchatka and Chukotka region |
Summertime
Daylight saving time was first introduced in Russia on July 14, 1917 by decree of the Russian Provisional Government . As early as January 4, 1918, the summer time regulation was repealed by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars , only to be reintroduced on June 16, 1930. Since it was subsequently retained in winter, it was a matter of changing the official time to the zone time one hour earlier. Because of the senseless shifting of the sun zenith into the afternoon, the result was also called the decree time .
From 1981 - now starting from the decree time - summer time was reintroduced, whereby the solar zenith in summer was shifted even further into the afternoon. Between 2011 and 2014 summer time was all year round, which means that the particularly wide shift of the sun zenith into the afternoon also took place all year round. By mid-1984, daylight saving time began on April 1st and ended on October 1st. After that, the Soviet Union took over the European regulation on the beginning and end of summer time (however, the clocks are always advanced at 2:00 a.m. zone time, reset always at 3:00 a.m. zone time). In the rest of Europe, on the other hand, this happened and continues to happen at 01:00 UTC .
Since October 2014, normal time has been in effect all year round in Russia instead of summer.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Medvedev sets new calendar by Handelsblatt, March 28, 2010.
- ↑ Russia switches clocks to normal time Neue Zürcher Zeitung, October 17, 2014
- ↑ Changes in Russia: Time change and new time zones zeit zones.de, accessed on October 25, 2014
- ↑ Time Zone in Volgogradskaya Oblast ', Russia at www.timeanddate.com , accessed on October 27, 2018
- ↑ Федеральный закон от 03.06.2011 N 107-ФЗ (ред. От 11.10.2018) "Об исчислении времени": Статья 5. Часовые зоны.ru , accessed on October 27th, 2018 at www.consultant.ru - law text
- ↑ Time Change in Tomsk, Russia , accessed on May 29, 2016
- ↑ Jul 24, 2016 - Time Zone Change (NOVT → NOVT) , accessed on August 2, 2016
- ↑ Current Local Time in Saratov, Russia , accessed December 6, 2016
- ↑ RIA Novosti: Medvedev launches new discussion topic - Reducing time zones in Russia , November 12, 2009
- ↑ a b RIA Novosti: Russia deletes two time zones on its territory , March 28, 2010
- ^ Last change to summer time in 2011, Focus report from March 27, 2011
- ↑ tagesschau.de: Summer time abolished - Eternal winter in Russia. In: tagesschau.de. Retrieved June 22, 2016 .
