Phenolic content in wine and Wayne Allard: Difference between pages
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{{Infobox Senator | name=Wayne Allard |
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The '''[[phenolic]] compounds in [[wine]]''' include a large group of several hundred [[chemical compounds]], known as [[polyphenolics]], that affect the [[taste (wine)|taste]], [[color (wine)|color]] and [[mouthfeel (wine)|mouthfeel]] of wine. This large group can be broadly separated into two categories-[[flavonoid]]s and non-flavonoids. Flavonoids include [[anthocyanin]]s and [[tannin]]s which contribute to the color and mouthfeel of the wine. Non-flavonoids include [[stilbenes]] such as [[resveratrol]] and compounds derived from [[acids in wine]] like [[benzoic (acid)|benzoic]], [[Caffeic (acid)|caffeic]] and [[cinnamic acid]]. In wine [[grape]]s, phenolics are found widely in the skin, stems and seeds. During the [[growth cycle of the grapevine]], sunlight with increase the concentration of phenolics in the grape berries with the development of phenolics being an important component of [[canopy management]]. Most phenols are classified as [[secondary metabolite]]s and are not active in the primary [[metabolism]] and function of the grapevine. They are [[water soluble]] and will often secret into the [[vacuole]] of grape berries as [[glycosides]]. In [[winemaking]], the process of [[maceration (wine)|maceration]] or "skin contact" is used to increase the influence of phenols in wine. Phenolic acids are found in the [[pulp]] or juice of the wine and can be commonly found in white wines which usually doesn't go through a maceration period. The process of [[oak (wine)|oak aging]] can also introduce phenolic compounds to wine, most notably in the form of [[vanillin]] which adds [[vanilla]] aroma to wines.<ref name="Oxford pg 517-518"> J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pg 517-518 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0198609906 </ref> |
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| nationality=American |
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| image name=Wayne Allard official portrait.jpg |
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| jr/sr=Senior Senator |
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| state=[[Colorado]] |
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| party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
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| term_start=[[January 7]], [[1997]] |
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| alongside=[[Ken Salazar]] |
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| preceded=[[Hank Brown]] |
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| succeeded= |
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| state2=[[Colorado]] |
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| district2=[[Colorado's 4th congressional district|4th]] |
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| term_start2=[[January 3]], [[1991]] |
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| term_end2=[[January 2]], [[1997]] |
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| preceded2=[[Hank Brown]] |
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| succeeded2=[[Bob Schaffer]] |
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| date of birth={{birth date and age|1943|12|02}} |
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| place of birth= [[Fort Collins, Colorado|Fort Collins]], [[Colorado]] |
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| dead=alive |
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| occupation= veterinarian |
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| residence= [[Loveland, Colorado]] |
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| spouse=Joan Malcolm |
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| children=Christi Allard<br>Cheryl Allard |
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| alma_mater=[[Colorado State University]] |
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| profession=[[Veterinarian]] |
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| religion=Non-Denominational [[Protestant]] |
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}} |
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'''Alan Wayne Allard''' (born [[December 2]], [[1943]]) is the senior [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] from [[Colorado]] and a member of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]. |
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==Early life== |
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Allard was born in [[Fort Collins, Colorado]] to Sibyl Jean Stewart and Amos Wilson Allard.<ref>[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~battle/senators/allard.htm 1<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> He was raised on a ranch near [[Walden, Colorado]]. He received a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from [[Colorado State University]] in 1968. |
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In red wine, up to 90% of the wine's phenolic content fall under the classification of flavonoids. These phenols, mainly derived from the stems, seeds and skins are often leeched out of the grape during the maceration period of winemaking. The amount of phenols leeched is known as [[extraction (wine)|extraction]]. They contribute to the [[astringency]], color and mouthfeel of the wine. In white wines the number of flavonoids is reduced due to less skin contact that they receive in winemaking. Within the flavonoid category is a subcategory known as [[flavonol]]s, which includes the yellow [[pigment]] inducing phenol-[[quercetin]]. Like other flavonoids, the concentration of flavonols in the grape berries increases as they exposed to sunlight. Some [[viticulturalist]]s will use measurement of flavonols like quercetin as an indication of a vineyard's sun exposure and the effectiveness of canopy management techniques. There is on going study in the health benefits of wine derived from the [[antioxidant]] and [[chemopreventive]] properties of flavonoids.<ref name="Oxford pg 273-274"> J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pg 273-274 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0198609906 </ref> |
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==Political career== |
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===Anthocyanins=== |
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===State Senate=== |
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{{Main|Anthocyanin}} |
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Allard continued to run a veterinary practice full-time, while representing [[Larimer County, Colorado|Larimer]] and [[Weld County, Colorado|Weld]] Counties in the [[Colorado State Senate]], from 1983 to 1990. He was best known during his time in the Colorado State Senate for sponsoring the state law limiting state legislative sessions to 120 days. |
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Anthocyanins are phenolic compounds found throughout the [[plant kingdom]], being responsible for the blue to red colors found in [[flower]]s, [[fruit]]s and [[leave]]s. In wine grapes, they develop during the stage of ''[[veraison]]'' when the skin of red wine grapes change color from green to shading from red to black. As the [[sugar in wine|sugars in the grape]] increase during ripening, so does the concentration of anthocyanins. In most grapes anthocyanins are found only in the outer cell layers of the skin, leaving the grape juice inside to be virtually colorless. Therefore to get color pigmentation in the wine, the [[fermentation (wine)|fermenting must]] needs to be in contact with the grape skins in order to extract the anthocyanins. For this reason, white wine can be from red wine grapes as in the case for many white [[sparkling wine]]s which are often made from the red wine grapes of [[Pinot noir]] and [[Pinot noir]]. The exception to this is the small glass of grapes known as [[teinturier]]s, such as [[Alicante Bouschet]], which has a small amount of anthocyanins in the pulp which produces pigmented juice.<ref name="Oxford pg 24"> J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pg 24 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0198609906 </ref> |
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===US House of Representatives=== |
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There are several types of anthocyanins found in wine grapes which are responsible for the vast range of coloring found in wine grapes from ruby red to dark black. [[Ampelographer]]s can use this observation to assist in the identification of different [[grape varieties]]. The European vine family ''[[Vitis Vinifera]]'' is characterized with anthocyanins that are composed of only one molecule of [[glucose]] while non-''Vinifera'' vines such as [[hybrids (grape)|hybrids]] and the American ''[[Vitis labrusca]]'' will have anthocyanins with two molecules. In the mid-20th century, French ampelographers used this knowledge to test the various vine varieties throughout France to identify which vineyards still contained non-''Vinifera'' plantings.<ref name="Oxford pg 24"/> |
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Allard served in the [[United States House of Representatives]] from Colorado's Fourth Congressional District from 1991 to 1997. As a Colorado Representative, Allard served on the Joint Committee on Congressional Reform, which recommended many of the reforms included in the [[Contract with America]]. These reforms became some of the first to be passed by the Republican controlled Congress in 1995 and were the key to their platform. |
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===US Senate=== |
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The color variation in the finished red wine is partly derived from the [[ionization]] of anthocyanin pigments caused by the [[acidity (wine)|acidity]] of the wine. In this case, the three types of anthocyanin pigments are red, blue and colorless with the concentration of those various pigments dictating the color of the wine. A wine with low [[pH]] (and such greater acidity) will have a higher occurrence of ionized anthocyanins which will increase the amount of bright red pigments. Wines with a higher pH will have a higher concentration of blue and colorless pigments. As the [[Aging of wine|wine ages]], anthocyanins will react with other acids and compounds in wines such as tannins, [[pyruvic acid]] and [[acetaldehyde]] which will change the color of the wine, causing it to develop more "brick red" hues. These molecules will link up to create [[polymer]]s that eventually exceed their [[solubility]] and become sediment at the bottom of wine bottles.<ref name="Oxford pg 24"/> |
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In 1996, Allard was elected to the United States Senate, defeating [[Tom Strickland]] by five percentage points. He made a pledge at the time to serve just two terms in the Senate before retiring. In 2002, he was re-elected, defeating Strickland again by the same margin. |
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In the 110th Congress, Allard serves on the following committees: |
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===Tannins=== |
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United States Senate Committee on Appropriations of which he is Ranking Minority member of the Legislative Branch subcommittee |
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{{main|Tannin}} |
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United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs of which he is Ranking Minority member of the Securities, Insurance, and Investment subcommittee |
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Tannins refer to the diverse group of chemical compounds in wine that can affect the color, aging ability and texture of the wine. While tannins can not be smelt or tasted, they can be perceived during [[wine tasting]] by the [[tactile]] drying sensation and sense of bitterness that they can leave in the mouth. This is due to the tendency of of tannins to react with [[protein]]s, such as the ones found in [[saliva]]. In [[food and wine pairing]], foods that are high in proteins (such as [[red meat]]) are often paired with tannic wines to minimize the astringency of tannins. However, many wine drinkers find the perception of tannins to be a positive trait-especially as it relates to mouthfeel. The management of tannins in the winemaking process is a key component in the resulting quality of the wine.<ref name="Oxford pg 680"> J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pg 680 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0198609906 </ref> |
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United States Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee |
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United States Senate Committee on the Budget |
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In April 2006, Allard was named by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' as one of "America's 5 Worst Senators." The magazine called him "The Invisible Man" and said he was one of the "least influential Senators" because he "almost never plays a role in major legislation" and "rarely speaks on the floor or holds press conferences to push his ideas" despite his ten years in the Senate and his presence as a majority party member on two key committees.<ref>Massimo Calabresi and Perry Bacon, Jr., [http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1183988,00.html "Wayne Allard: The Invisible Man"], ''[[Time Magazine]]'', April 24, 2006, page 28.</ref> The ''[[Rocky Mountain News]]'' retorted that ''Time'' made the "wrong call" and that Allard was a "hard-working advocate for Colorado interests."<ref>[http://www.rockymountainnews.com/drmn/opinion_columnists/article/0,2777,DRMN_23972_4628453,00.html On Point: Wrong call on Allard : Columns & Blogs : The Rocky Mountain News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The ''[[Colorado Springs Gazette]]'' claimed the article was "soft, subjective, snide, impressionistic slop — further proof of the low to which this once-serious publication has sunk."{{Fact|date=June 2008}} |
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Tannins are found in the skin, stems and seeds of wine grapes but can also be introduced to the wine through the use of oak barrels and chips of with the addition of tannin powder. The natural tannins found in grapes are known as [[proanthocyanin]]s due to their ability to release red anthocyanin pigments when they are heated in an acidic solution. The tannins are formed by [[enzymes]] during metabolic processes by the grapevine. The amount of tannins found naturally in grapes varies depending variety with [[Cabernet Sauvignon]], [[Nebbiolo]], [[Syrah]] and [[Tannat]] being 4 of the most tannic grape varieties. The reaction of tannins and anthocyanins with the phenolic compound [[catechin]]s creates another class of tannins known as '''pigmented tannins''' which influences the color of red wine. The tannins derived from oak influence are known as "hydrolysable tannins" being created from the [[ellagic (acid)|ellagic]] and [[gallic acid]] found in the wood.<ref name="Oxford pg 680"/> |
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In 2003, Allard introduced into the Senate the [[Federal Marriage Amendment]], banning [[same-sex marriage]]s. <ref>[http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109:SJ1: Search Results - THOMAS (Library of Congress)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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In the vineyards, there is also a growing distinction being made between "ripe" and "unripe" tannins present in the grape. This "[[physiological ripeness]]", which is roughly determined by tasting the grapes off the vines, is being used along with sugar levels as a determination of when to the [[harvest (wine)|harvest]]. The idea is that "riper" tannins will taste softer but still impart some of the texture components found favorable in wine. In winemaking, the amount of the time that the must spends in contact with the grape skins, stems and seeds will influence the amount of tannins that are present in the wine with wines subjected to longer maceration period having more tannin extract. Following harvest, stems are normally picked out and discarded prior to fermentation but some winemakers may intentionally leave in a few stems for varieties low in tannins (like Pinot noir) in order to increase the tannic extract in the wine. If there is an excess in the amount of tannins in the wine, winemakers can use various [[fining]] agents like [[albumin]], [[casein]] and [[gelatin]] that can bind to tannins molecule and [[precipitate]] them out as sediments. As a wine ages, tannins will form long polymerized chains which come across to a taster as "softer" and less tannic. [[Oxygen]] can bind with tannin molecules to make them larger and seem also seem softer on the palate. The winemaking technique of [[micro-oxygenation]] and [[decanting wine]] use oxygen to partial mimic the effect of aging on tannins.<ref name="Oxford pg 680"/> |
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On [[January 15]], [[2007]] Allard announced he would fulfill a 1996 campaign promise to serve only two Senate terms and would retire in January 2009.<ref name="retire011507">{{cite news | url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070115/ap_on_go_co/allard_senate | title=Report: Sen. Allard won't seek 3rd term |publisher=[[Associated Press]] | date=January 15, 2007 | first=Steven | last=Paulson | accessdate = 2007-01-15}}</ref> In turn, the [[United States Senate election, 2008|2008 Senate race]] is expected to become competitive.<ref name="retire011507" /> Democratic Representative [[Mark Udall]] and former Republican Representative [[Bob Schaffer]] have already announced their intention to run for the seat. |
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===Other Flavonoids=== |
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'''Catechins''' are flavonoids that contribute to the construction of various tannins and contribute to the perception of bitterness in wine. They are found in highest concentrations in grape seeds but are also in the skin and stems. Catechins play a role in the [[microbial]] defense of the grape berry, being produced in higher concentrations by the grape vines when it is being attacked by [[grape disease]]s such as [[downy mildew]]. Because of that grape vines in cool, damp climates produce catechins at high levels than vines in dry, hot climates. Together with anthocyanins and tannins they increase the stability of a wines color-meaning that a wine will be able to maintain its coloring for a longer period of time. The amount of catechins present varies amount grape varieties with varietals like [[Merlot]] and Pinot noir having high concentrations while Syrah has very low levels. As an antioxidant, there are some studies into the health benefits of moderate consumption of wines high in catechins.<ref name="Oxford pg 144"> J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pg 144 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0198609906 </ref> |
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In April 2007, Allard announced his endorsement of [[Mitt Romney]] for the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nomination for President of the United States.<ref>[http://www.mittromney.com/News/Press-Releases/Allard Governor Mitt Romney Announces Support of Senator Wayne Allard] ''Romney for President, Inc.'' Press Releases. [[April 16]], [[2007]] Retrieved [[April 16]], [[2007]]</ref> He switched his endorsement to [[John McCain]] once he secured his spot as the presumptive Republican nominee.<ref> [http://www.johnmccain.com/Informing/News/PressReleases/Read.aspx?Guid=598fbe8f-1bcf-48c6-9f5c-65e7cd0c42c1 Senator Wayne Allard Endorses John McCain for President]</ref> |
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'''Vanillin''' is a phenolic [[aldehyde]] most commonly associated with the vanilla notes in wines that have been aged in oak. Some trace amounts of vanillin are found naturally in the grapes themselves but they are most prominent in the [[lignin]] structure of oak barrels. Newer barrels will impart more vanillin, with the concentration present decreasing with each subsequent usage.<ref name="Oxford pg 727"> J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pg 727 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0198609906 </ref> |
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===Environmental record=== |
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==Non-Flavonoids== |
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Allard was a co-sponsor of the James Peak Wilderness Bill, which created a {{convert|14000|acre|km2|sing=on}} preserve around [[James Peak Wilderness|James Peak]], and added {{convert|3000|acre|km2}} to the Indian Peak Protection Area. Allard also sponsored legislation which created Colorado's {{convert|85000|acre|km2|sing=on}} [[Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve]]. Allard is also chairman and founder of the Senate Renewable Energy and Efficiency Caucus<ref>[http://www.aspentimes.com/article/20020903/NEWS/209170001 Sen. Allard details stance on environment | AspenTimes.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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'''[[Resveratrol]]''' is a phenolic compound found in highest concentration in the skins of wine grapes. Both red and white wine grape varieties have resveratrol but more frequent use of skin contact and maceration in red winemaking means that red wines will normally have 10 times more resveratrol than white wines. It generally produced by grape vines as a means of microbial defense, though production can be artificially stimulated by [[ultraviolet radiation]]. Grapevines in cool, damp regions with higher risk of grape diseases, such as [[Bordeaux (wine)|Bordeaux]] and [[Burgundy (wine)|Burgundy]], tend to produce grapes with higher levels of resveratrol than warmer, drier wine regions like [[California (wine)|California]] and [[Australia (wine)|Australia]]. Additionally, different grape varieties are prone to differing levels with [[Muscadine]]s and the Pinot family having high levels while the [[Cabernet]] family being noted for lower levels of resveratrol. In the late 20th century, interesting in the possible health benefits of resveratrol in wine was spurred by discussion of the [[French paradox]] involving the health of wine drinkers in France.<ref name="Oxford pg 569"> J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pg 569 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0198609906 </ref> |
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In 2006, the environmental group [[Republicans for Environmental Protection]]<ref>[http://www.rep.org/scorecard.html Republicans for Environmental Protection 2006 Scorecard]</ref> praised Allard for his support of legislation to make the [[Army Corps of Engineers]] more accountable for its projects' environmental and economic impact, but censured him for supporting [[oil drilling]] both [[offshore drilling|offshore]] and in Alaska's [[Arctic National Wildlife Refuge]].<ref>[http://www.rep.org/scorecard.html ibid.]</ref> The nonpartisan [[League of Conservation Voters]] issued Allard a grade of 29% for 2006.<ref>[http://www.lcv.org/images/client/pdfs/LCV_2006_Scorecard_final.pdf League of Conservation Voters 2006 Scorecard]</ref> |
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==References== |
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===Fiscal conservatism=== |
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While working in Congress, Allard has consistantly asserts that the federal government unnecessarily spends too much money. During his Senate career, his office has returned $4.2 million dollars of its collective budget.<ref>http://allard.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Biography.Home</ref> Allard is considered to be one of the most firmly [[anti-tax]] politicians in Washington. He has campaigned on the goal of repealing marriage, inheritance, and capital gains taxes.<ref>http://www.ontheissues.org/senate/Wayne_Allard.htm</ref> |
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==Personal life== |
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While completing veterinary school, Allard married Joan Malcolm, who received her degree in [[microbiology]], also from CSU. They then founded their veterinary practice, the Allard Animal Hospital. The Allards raised their two daughters, Christi and Cheryl, in [[Loveland, Colorado]], and have five grandsons. He is a [[Protestant]]. |
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==Role in the Senate== |
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===Committee Assignments=== |
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*Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions |
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**Subcommittee on Children and Families |
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**Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety |
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*Committee on the Budget |
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*Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs |
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**Securities, Insurance, and Investment Subcommittee (Ranking Member) |
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**Financial Institutions Subcommittee |
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**Housing, Transportation, and Community Development Subcommittee |
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*Committee on Appropriations |
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**Interior Subcommittee(Ranking Member) |
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**Legislative Branch Subcommittee |
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**Energy and Water Development Subcommittee |
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**Financial Services and General Government Subcommittee |
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**Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Subcommittee |
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**Transportation/HUD Subcommittee |
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===Electoral history=== |
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[[United States Senate elections, 1996|1996 Race for U.S. Senate]] — Republican Primary |
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*Wayne Allard (R), 57% |
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*[[Gale Norton]] (R), 43% |
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[[United States Senate elections, 1996|1996 Race for U.S. Senate]] |
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*Wayne Allard (R), 51% |
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*[[Tom Strickland]] (D), 46% |
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[[United States Senate election in Colorado, 2002]] |
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*Wayne Allard (R) (inc.), 51% |
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*[[Tom Strickland]] (D), 46% |
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==See also== |
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*[[United States Senate election in Colorado, 2008]] |
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==Footnotes== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{commons}} |
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*[http://allard.senate.gov/ United States Senator Wayne Allard], U.S. Senate site |
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*[http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/a/wayne_allard/index.html New York Times — Wayne Allard News] collected news and commentary |
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*[http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Wayne_Allard SourceWatch Congresspedia — Wayne Allard] profile |
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*[http://www.2008racetracker.com/page/CO-Sen 2008 Colorado Senate Race], at 2008RaceTracker.com |
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{{U.S. Senator box |
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{{Current U.S. Senators}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Allard, Wayne}} |
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[[Category:Oenology| ]] |
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[[Category:1943 births]] |
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[[Category:Current members of the United States Senate]] |
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[[Category:Living people]] |
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[[Category:United States Senators from Colorado]] |
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[[Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Colorado]] |
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[[Category:Colorado State Senators]] |
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[[Category:Veterinarians]] |
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[[Category:Colorado State University alumni]] |
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[[Category:American Protestants]] |
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[[Category:Colorado Republicans]] |
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[[Category:Conservatives]] |
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[[de:Wayne Allard]] |
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[[Category:Phenols|Phenols]] |
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Revision as of 00:18, 13 October 2008
Wayne Allard | |
|---|---|
 | |
| United States Senator from Colorado | |
| Assumed office January 7, 1997 Serving with Ken Salazar | |
| Preceded by | Hank Brown |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Colorado's 4th district | |
| In office January 3, 1991 – January 2, 1997 | |
| Preceded by | Hank Brown |
| Succeeded by | Bob Schaffer |
| Personal details | |
| Nationality | American |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Joan Malcolm |
| Children | Christi Allard Cheryl Allard |
| Residence | Loveland, Colorado |
| Alma mater | Colorado State University |
| Occupation | veterinarian |
| Profession | Veterinarian |
Alan Wayne Allard (born December 2, 1943) is the senior United States Senator from Colorado and a member of the Republican Party.
Early life
Allard was born in Fort Collins, Colorado to Sibyl Jean Stewart and Amos Wilson Allard.[1] He was raised on a ranch near Walden, Colorado. He received a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from Colorado State University in 1968.
Political career
State Senate
Allard continued to run a veterinary practice full-time, while representing Larimer and Weld Counties in the Colorado State Senate, from 1983 to 1990. He was best known during his time in the Colorado State Senate for sponsoring the state law limiting state legislative sessions to 120 days.
US House of Representatives
Allard served in the United States House of Representatives from Colorado's Fourth Congressional District from 1991 to 1997. As a Colorado Representative, Allard served on the Joint Committee on Congressional Reform, which recommended many of the reforms included in the Contract with America. These reforms became some of the first to be passed by the Republican controlled Congress in 1995 and were the key to their platform.
US Senate
In 1996, Allard was elected to the United States Senate, defeating Tom Strickland by five percentage points. He made a pledge at the time to serve just two terms in the Senate before retiring. In 2002, he was re-elected, defeating Strickland again by the same margin.
In the 110th Congress, Allard serves on the following committees: United States Senate Committee on Appropriations of which he is Ranking Minority member of the Legislative Branch subcommittee United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs of which he is Ranking Minority member of the Securities, Insurance, and Investment subcommittee United States Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee United States Senate Committee on the Budget
In April 2006, Allard was named by Time as one of "America's 5 Worst Senators." The magazine called him "The Invisible Man" and said he was one of the "least influential Senators" because he "almost never plays a role in major legislation" and "rarely speaks on the floor or holds press conferences to push his ideas" despite his ten years in the Senate and his presence as a majority party member on two key committees.[2] The Rocky Mountain News retorted that Time made the "wrong call" and that Allard was a "hard-working advocate for Colorado interests."[3] The Colorado Springs Gazette claimed the article was "soft, subjective, snide, impressionistic slop — further proof of the low to which this once-serious publication has sunk."[citation needed]
In 2003, Allard introduced into the Senate the Federal Marriage Amendment, banning same-sex marriages. [4]
On January 15, 2007 Allard announced he would fulfill a 1996 campaign promise to serve only two Senate terms and would retire in January 2009.[5] In turn, the 2008 Senate race is expected to become competitive.[5] Democratic Representative Mark Udall and former Republican Representative Bob Schaffer have already announced their intention to run for the seat.
In April 2007, Allard announced his endorsement of Mitt Romney for the Republican nomination for President of the United States.[6] He switched his endorsement to John McCain once he secured his spot as the presumptive Republican nominee.[7]
Environmental record
Allard was a co-sponsor of the James Peak Wilderness Bill, which created a 14,000-acre (57 km2) preserve around James Peak, and added 3,000 acres (12 km2) to the Indian Peak Protection Area. Allard also sponsored legislation which created Colorado's 85,000-acre (340 km2) Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve. Allard is also chairman and founder of the Senate Renewable Energy and Efficiency Caucus[8]
In 2006, the environmental group Republicans for Environmental Protection[9] praised Allard for his support of legislation to make the Army Corps of Engineers more accountable for its projects' environmental and economic impact, but censured him for supporting oil drilling both offshore and in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.[10] The nonpartisan League of Conservation Voters issued Allard a grade of 29% for 2006.[11]
Fiscal conservatism
While working in Congress, Allard has consistantly asserts that the federal government unnecessarily spends too much money. During his Senate career, his office has returned $4.2 million dollars of its collective budget.[12] Allard is considered to be one of the most firmly anti-tax politicians in Washington. He has campaigned on the goal of repealing marriage, inheritance, and capital gains taxes.[13]
Personal life
While completing veterinary school, Allard married Joan Malcolm, who received her degree in microbiology, also from CSU. They then founded their veterinary practice, the Allard Animal Hospital. The Allards raised their two daughters, Christi and Cheryl, in Loveland, Colorado, and have five grandsons. He is a Protestant.
Role in the Senate
Committee Assignments
- Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions
- Subcommittee on Children and Families
- Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety
- Committee on the Budget
- Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
- Securities, Insurance, and Investment Subcommittee (Ranking Member)
- Financial Institutions Subcommittee
- Housing, Transportation, and Community Development Subcommittee
- Committee on Appropriations
- Interior Subcommittee(Ranking Member)
- Legislative Branch Subcommittee
- Energy and Water Development Subcommittee
- Financial Services and General Government Subcommittee
- Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Subcommittee
- Transportation/HUD Subcommittee
Electoral history
1996 Race for U.S. Senate — Republican Primary
- Wayne Allard (R), 57%
- Gale Norton (R), 43%
- Wayne Allard (R), 51%
- Tom Strickland (D), 46%
United States Senate election in Colorado, 2002
- Wayne Allard (R) (inc.), 51%
- Tom Strickland (D), 46%
See also
Footnotes
- ^ 1
- ^ Massimo Calabresi and Perry Bacon, Jr., "Wayne Allard: The Invisible Man", Time Magazine, April 24, 2006, page 28.
- ^ On Point: Wrong call on Allard : Columns & Blogs : The Rocky Mountain News
- ^ Search Results - THOMAS (Library of Congress)
- ^ a b Paulson, Steven (January 15, 2007). "Report: Sen. Allard won't seek 3rd term". Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-01-15.
- ^ Governor Mitt Romney Announces Support of Senator Wayne Allard Romney for President, Inc. Press Releases. April 16, 2007 Retrieved April 16, 2007
- ^ Senator Wayne Allard Endorses John McCain for President
- ^ Sen. Allard details stance on environment | AspenTimes.com
- ^ Republicans for Environmental Protection 2006 Scorecard
- ^ ibid.
- ^ League of Conservation Voters 2006 Scorecard
- ^ http://allard.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Biography.Home
- ^ http://www.ontheissues.org/senate/Wayne_Allard.htm
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wayne Allard.
- United States Senator Wayne Allard, U.S. Senate site
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
- Profile at Vote Smart
- New York Times — Wayne Allard News collected news and commentary
- SourceWatch Congresspedia — Wayne Allard profile
- 2008 Colorado Senate Race, at 2008RaceTracker.com
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