Classification scheme of the Deutsche Reichsbahn

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The series scheme of the Deutsche Reichsbahn was after the summary of regional railways for the Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) developed in 1920 to approximately four hundred of the regional railways acquired various steam locomotive - types and new vehicles to classify. This process, which at the Reichsbahn was largely shaped by Gustav Hammer , President of the Reichsbahn Central Office , dragged on until 1926. Only then was the final tracing plan established.

Corresponding schemes were only developed for electric and combustion locomotives as well as railcars in the 1930s , when the number of these types of traction increased and the previous schemes were no longer sufficient.

This series or numbering scheme has been adapted several times. It was continued by the Deutsche Bundesbahn until 1968 and by the Deutsche Reichsbahn until 1970. After that, computer-readable vehicle numbers were introduced on both railways. The new series scheme of the DB and DR are both based on the series scheme of the Reichsbahn. In addition to the series numbers , a system of company symbols was developed that contained the most important information for the company.

Steam locomotives

The basic scheme consists of a master number and a serial number. The master number was two-digit, the serial number was at least three-digit, at most four-digit.

The series designation of a locomotive can be obtained by omitting the last two digits of the serial number (with trunk number 99, narrow-gauge locomotives, only the last digit) and, if necessary, summarizing the hundreds (with trunk number 99, the tens) (with two blocks with a comma, otherwise with Hyphen).
Example: 03 123 results in series 03 1 , combining them results in 03 0-2 .
In the case of standard locomotives purchased from 1925, the index for the series with serial numbers from 001 was omitted, so that locomotive 03 123 belongs to the 03 series. The index must be specified for the three-cylinder version 03 10 .

The newly designed vehicles procured by the DR were each assigned their own master number. The acquired at the establishment of the DR of the country paths locomotives were to Achsfolge summarized and purpose to strain numbers, each type has its own range of sequence numbers, and thus a separate series number has been assigned.

A scheme with 99 master numbers was established, which was divided into groups:

The first master numbers of each of the first five areas listed above were reserved for the new standard locomotives to be built , the last numbers were assigned to regional railway locomotives that were taken over. The aim there was to group locomotives with the same wheel arrangement under one master number. For example, all Länderbahn express locomotives with the 2'C axle sequence received the trunk number 17, and the trunk number 18 with the 2'C1 'axle sequence. All Länderbahn freight locomotives with the 1'D axle sequence were assigned the trunk number 56. The division into series under a master number was done by assigning consecutive serial numbers, with the last two digits of the serial number then again designating the individual vehicle, while the number (or two digits) in front of it designating the sub-series.

Locomotives that were about to be retired were given serial numbers from 7001. If there were several series under one master number, these were identified by specifying the first digits of the serial number as an exponent. For the sake of simplicity, the exponent was later often separated by a point and added in the same font size as the series number. The series number was independent of the tender that was used , which did not have its own vehicle number, but had the vehicle number of the locomotive on the back. The Deutsche Bundesbahn and the Deutsche Reichsbahn later added newly built vehicles to the series scheme and rearranged many vehicles after modifications.

Electric locomotives

The electric locomotives were redesigned in 1926/1927. For the electric locomotives, the scheme used for the steam locomotives with the master number (series) and serial numbers was also used. The distinction was made by adding the letter "E" in the first place. The locomotives were sorted according to their maximum speed, number of driving axles or running axles.

  • E 00–29: over 90 km / h
    • E 00: two driving axles
    • E 01–09: three driving axles
    • E 10–29: four driving axles
      • E 10–19: two running axles
      • E 20–29: more than two running axles
  • E 30–59: over 65–90 km / h
    • E 30–39: three driving axles
    • E 40–59: four driving axles
      • E 40–49: two running axles
      • E 50–59: more than two running axles
  • E 60–99: below 65 km / h
    • E 60–69: three driving axles
    • E 70–89: four driving axles
      • E 70–79: two running axles
      • E 80–89: more than two running axles
    • E 90–99: six or more driving axles

If the license plate and design matched, locomotives with rod drive were given smaller master numbers than locomotives with single-axle drive .

Due to technical progress, the system was later expanded and adapted again. This resulted in the following scheme:

  • E 01–99: AC locomotives (16.7 Hz)
  • E 101–199: DC locomotives
  • E 201–299: AC locomotives (50 Hz)
  • E 301–399: dual frequency AC locomotives
  • E 401–499: four-system locomotives
  • .01 – .19: Top speed over 120 km / h
  • .20 – .59: Top speed of 90 km / h – 120 km / h
  • .60 – .99: Top speed below 90 km / h

Internal combustion engine locomotives

The redesign of the locomotives with combustion engines took place in 1930/1931. Until then, the DR had made use of a provisional solution.

Analogous to the preceding E for electric locomotives, the locomotives were identified with the code letter "V" (for combustion locomotive). This was followed by a four-digit company number, the first two digits standing for the series and the last two for the serial number.

  • from V01 ..: express train locomotives
  • from V30 ..: passenger locomotives
  • from V60 ..: Locomotives for shunting and freight train service

The locomotives were numbered one after the other without taking into account different designs.

From 1931 a much better system was introduced. This differentiated between larger locomotives with more than 150  hp and so-called small locomotives .

The code letter "V" was retained. Two or three-digit series numbers and three-digit serial numbers were formed.

The series number was derived from the locomotive performance. The number corresponded to about a tenth of the power in hp.

The number range 001–899 was intended for standard gauge locomotives and the range 901–999 for narrow gauge locomotives.

Small locomotives

The designation small locomotive was introduced by the Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1931 for traction vehicles that were used in the shunting service of stations and depots . However, approval was also required for route journeys , for example in order to be able to deliver goods wagons to junction points outside of train stations. Below this requirement profile, there were vehicles which, known as shunting tractors, worked exclusively in train stations and depots. The limit was an engine power of less than 150 hp and a maximum speed of 30 km / h.

For the identification of small locomotives, the root letter "K" was introduced as a type designation.

The parent letter has been supplemented by one or two letters for technical details:

In addition, a subdivision into service groups was made for the assignment of the establishment number:

  • Performance group I = engine output below 40 hp (road numbers 0001–3999)
  • Performance group II = engine output over 40 hp (road numbers 4000-9999)

Railcar

The DRG classified the railcars in free number spaces for the passenger coaches . There was no special identification by letters. The number ranges available were: 1–10 199 and from 133 000.

Steam railcar

The number range 1–200 was provided for steam railcars. The car numbers was only by the name of the home directorate added.

Two-axle railcars were given numbers from 1, four-axle railcars were given numbers from 51.

A designation with the letters "DT" was never officially used.

Electric multiple units

Electric multiple units of the Rbd Altona, Breslau and Munich received from 1924 the number ranges from 501 for railcars and from 5001 for sidecars. In addition there was the name of the home directorate. Since each Reichsbahndirektion began to number with 501, it turned out that several vehicles had the same number and could only be distinguished by the name of the directorate. Later new acquisitions of additional RBd were also included in this system.

The vehicles of the S-Bahn Berlin were classified in the number ranges from 2051 for railcars and 5051 for sidecars.

In 1930 the DRG renumbered the vehicles, which meant that each of the four-digit company numbers was only available once. Catenary railcars were classified in the number range 1000–1999. The corresponding sidecars were given the number range from 2001. The locomotives of the Berlin S-Bahn were sorted from 3001, the control cars were given the numbers from 5001 and the sidecars from 6001.

In 1940 the RZA Munich decreed new names. The designation system consisted of the combination of identification letter + two or three-digit master number (series) and two-digit serial number.

Code letters:

  • ET: electric multiple unit
  • ES: control car
  • EB: sidecar
  • EM: Intermediate car in multi-part electric multiple units

Master numbers:

  • ET 01–99: Vehicles for single-phase alternating current with 16.7 Hz or 25 Hz
  • ET 101–199: vehicles for direct current
  • ET 201–299: Vehicles for other power systems

These number spaces have been subdivided again according to the use of the railcars:

  • 01-09: remote speed rail cars
  • 10-39: Express Rail Car
  • 40–59: express railcars
  • 60–79: Local railcars
  • 80–89: railcars
  • 90–99: special multiple units

Accumulator railcar

The DRG classified the accumulator railcars from 1924 in the number range 201–700. Analogous to the electric multiple units, each directorate began to number its vehicles from 201. Due to the disadvantage of this system (several vehicles had the same number and could only be distinguished by their home office), the DRG reintroduced the system used by the Prussian State Railroad since 1910.

All vehicles were numbered starting with 201. Intermediate cars were preceded by a 0. The designation "AT" was only used unofficially.

In 1940, the RZA Munich issued new regulations for the designation of accumulator railcars. Renumbering did not take place until 1948 at the Deutsche Bundesbahn . The system envisaged the introduction of a system analogous to the electric multiple unit with identification letters + master number and serial number.

Code letters:

  • ETA: railcar
  • EBA: sidecar
  • ESA: control car

Since all railcars were viewed as direct current vehicles , they were assigned the master number range 100–199 and were sorted as follows:

  • 140–159: express railcars
  • 160–179: Local railcars
  • 180–189: railcars

Combustion railcars

The railcars with internal combustion engines were classified in the number ranges 701–899 from 1924 onwards. The company number has also been added to the home management for the combustion railcars.

The following system was introduced to differentiate between the individual designs:

  • 701–750: two-axle railcars with a carburetor engine
  • 751–799: four-axle railcars with a carburetor engine
  • 801–850: two-axle railcars with diesel engines
  • 851–899: four- and multi-axle railcars with diesel engines

When taking over the railcars of the BBÖ , the number range from 900 had to be used. The area from 10 001 was used for freight railcars.

Due to the increased procurement of new railcars, the number ranges were no longer sufficient. Therefore, from 1932 onwards, the number range from 133,000 was used for the newly acquired lightweight vehicles (“light railcars”). The vehicles were classified according to the following scheme:

  • 133 000–133 999: two-axle railcars with a carburetor engine
  • 134 000–134 999: four-axle railcars with a carburetor engine
  • 135 000–136 999: two-axle railcars with diesel engines
  • 137 000–138 999: four- and multi-axle railcars with diesel engines
  • 140 000–143 999: two-axle sidecar
  • 144 000–144 999: four-axle sidecar
  • 145 000–146 999: two-axle control car
  • 147 000–149 999: four-axle control car

The vehicles were classified in the order in which they were delivered, so that vehicles of the same type do not cover a coherent number range.

The terms "VT" and "SVT" were never used officially.

A labeling system comparable to the electric multiple unit was not introduced by the Deutsche Bundesbahn until 1948.

literature

  • Wolfgang Valtin: Directory of all locomotives and railcars . Vol. 1. transpress, Berlin 1992. ISBN 3-344-70739-6

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Railway Journal: The steam locomotive series of the DRG, DB and DR, ISBN 3-922404-72-3 , page 77f
  2. ↑ Series of German steam locomotives with further references