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Koper
Capodistria
Coat of arms of Koper Map of Slovenia, position of Koper highlighted
Basic data
Country SloveniaSlovenia Slovenia
Historic region Coastal land / Primorska
Statistical region Obalno-kraška (coast and karst)
Coordinates 45 ° 33 '  N , 13 ° 44'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 32 '52 "  N , 13 ° 43' 49"  E
surface 303  km²
Residents 25,459 (2015)
Population density 84 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code (+386) 5
Post Code 6000
License Plate KP
Structure and administration (status: 2018)
Community type city
Mayor : Aleš Bržan
Mailing address Verdijeva ulica 10
6000 Koper
Website
View of the port city

Koper ( Italian Capodistria ; German outdated Gafers ; Croatian Kopar ) is the only seaport town in Slovenia on its 47 kilometers long Adriatic coast . Koper is located directly south of the Italian port city of Trieste and has a population of 25,459 (2015).

languages

The majority of the population (74.1%) stated Slovenian as their mother tongue in the 2002 census . Other languages ​​are Serbo-Croatian (17.5%), Italian (2.2%), Macedonian and Albanian (0.5% each).

In Koper, Italian is a recognized minority language with special protection under Article 64 of the Slovenian constitution. Most of the public signage is bilingual. Before the Second World War, there was a predominantly Italian-speaking population in the area of ​​today's municipality of Koper (then Capodistria ), who fled or was expelled in 1945/1954.

Districts

The actual city consists of the districts Bonifika / Bonifica, Center / Centro, Markovec / Monte San Marco, Olmo, Prisoje, Semedela / Semedella, Šalara / Salara and Žusterna / Giusterna.

Other parts of the municipality of Koper are:

The former district of Ankaran was spun off as an independent municipality in 2011.

Attractions

The Venetian defense tower in Podpeč

Well-known sights of the city are the Praetor's Palace from the 15th century and the Assumption Cathedral from the 14th century .

Above the village of Podpeč, which belongs to the municipality, there is a medieval Venetian defense tower , which has served as a defense system since the early 15th century at the latest.

Praetor's Palace, built in its current form in the 15th century (Tito Square) 
View of Koper from the west,
(Zusatzerna) 
Street in Capodistria by Willibald Leo von Lütgendorff-Leinburg

history

Koper grew out of a small settlement on an island in the Gulf of Trieste . In ancient Greece the place was known as Aegida ; the Romans called the city Capris , Caprea , Capre or Caprista .

In 568, residents of nearby Trieste fled the Lombards to Koper. The city ​​was renamed Justinopel in honor of the Byzantine emperor Justinian II .

An already existing trade between Venice and Koper is recorded from the year 932 . In the war between Venice and the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation , Koper stood on the German side and was rewarded by Emperor Konrad II in 1035 with the granting of city ​​rights . In 1278 Koper became part of the Republic of Venice . In 1420 the Patriarch of Aquileia ceded his remaining possessions in Istria to Venice, which was able to round off its territories there.

The city became the administrative center of Venetian Istria and has since been called by the Venetians in Latin Caput Histriae , in Italian Capo d'Istria , capital (city) of Istria. The current Italian name Capodistria is derived from this. Trade flourished in Koper and the population rose to 12,000. However, due to the raging plague, this number dropped dramatically in the 16th century.

The Republic of Venice was dissolved by the Peace of Campo Formio in 1797 and passed to Habsburg. Istria and thus Koper was separated from Venice in 1815 and the administrative unit of the Austrian Littoral was created with Trieste, which was already Austrian before . During the Austrian period, however, the city and the port were overshadowed by the nearby Trieste, while the Hungarian part of the Empire expanded Fiume (Rijeka) to become its most important Adriatic port. Koper remained such a small town. According to the Austro-Hungarian census in 1900, Koper had 7205 Italian, 391 Slovenian, 167 Croatian and 67 German inhabitants.

In 1919 Koper and the entire coastal area fell to Italy , in 1947 it became part of Zone B of the Free Territory of Trieste , which was under Yugoslav administration. When the territory was dissolved and divided in 1954, it fell to Yugoslavia . The largely Italian-speaking population fled to Italy from 1943 to 1954. In the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia , Koper was assigned to the Republic of Slovenia. In 1977 this affiliation was also confirmed under international law by the Osimo Treaty . As a result, a separate Catholic diocese of Koper was founded. Before that, the city still belonged to the diocese of Trieste , whose bishop, however, resided abroad in Italy.

After the collapse of Yugoslavia in 1991, Koper belongs to the now independent Slovenia and is its only trading port on the Adriatic coast. The importance of the city and the port has therefore increased again. Koper is also the seat of the Primorska University .

religion

Koper had been a bishopric since the 8th century . In 1498 the future Lutheran theologian Pier Paolo Vergerio was born in the city ; in Koper he worked from 1536 to 1548 as bishop . In 1828 Koper came to the diocese of Trieste and Capodistria . With the incorporation into Yugoslavia, the diocese of Koper became independent again.

economy

Big employers are the port ( Luka Koper ) and the Tomos company . The city benefits from significant summer tourism.

traffic

The Koper station, which is important for passenger and freight traffic, is located on the outskirts, one kilometer from the port. The city received its rail connection very late. Under Austrian rule , the focus was on the port of Trieste . It was not until 1902 that Trieste and Koper were connected by the narrow-gauge local railway Triest – Parenzo , the first rail connection for Koper, which was given up again in 1935. Then it was not until 1967 before the Yugoslav Railway connected Koper with the Prešnica – Koper railway . This route, which is technically demanding because of the mountainous terrain, was electrified in 1976 and, after about 32 kilometers, joins the Divača – Pula railway line that has existed since 1876 at Prešnica (the stop opened in 1908) . The gradients (up to 25 ‰) on the steep section leading to Divača make it necessary to haul heavy goods trains from Koper with two locomotives.

There are direct train connections from Koper to Ljubljana . Trieste can only be reached by train via Divača, Sežana , Nova Gorica ( Wocheiner Bahn ) and Gorizia Centrale .

education

In Koper there is the Primorska Univerziteta / Università del Litorale .

Sports

The city is home to the second division soccer team FC Koper , which plays its home games in the ŠRC Bonifika stadium. Also known are the handball club RK Koper and the basketball club KK Koper , whose home games take place in the ŠD Bonifika hall . The water polo players from VK Koper play regularly in the European Cup and are also among the founding members of the transnational Adriatic League introduced in 2008 .

Personalities

photos

  • Muda Gate, built in 1516 (exit Prešernov Square)

  • Da Ponte Fountain, erected in 1432, given its present form in 1666 (Prešernov Square)

  • Cathedral of the Assumption,
    origin: 12th century (Tito Square) 

  • Church of St. Basa,
    built in the 16th century (Prešernov Square)

  • St. Bassa Church, interior 

  • Primorska University, founded in 2003,
    (Tito Square) 

  • Carpaccio square with taverna (in Venetian times: salt store, market hall) and the column of Saint Justina 

  • Former administrative building of the passenger port (Ukmarjev Square 2)

literature

  • Ricarda Gerhardt: Slovenia. With Istria and Trieste. Travel manual. Tips for individual explorers, with a removable travel map. 2nd updated edition. Reiseuchverlag Iwanowski, Dormagen 2005, ISBN 3-933041-17-1 , pp. 361–369. - Text in parts online .
  • Isolde Bacher (editing), Rainer Eisenschmid (editing): Istria - Kvarner Bay. Baedeker Alliance travel guide. 3rd edition, completely revised and redesigned. Baedeker, Ostfildern 2007, ISBN 978-3-8297-1130-2 , pp. 81–86.
  • Salvator Žitko, Jaka Jeraša (Ill.), Klara Hočevar (transl.): Koper. Tourist art guide through the city and surroundings. Založba Lipa, Koper 1988, OBV .

Web links

Commons : Koper  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://www.koper.si/sl/obcina/predstavitev/statisticni-podatki/
  2. ↑ https://www.koper.si/sl/obcina/zupan-in-podzupani/
  3. ↑ indicated as Croatian (8.0%), Serbo-Croatian (4.0%), Bosnian (2.8%) and Serbian (2.7%)
  4. ↑ Statistics (Slovenian)
  5. ^ The Distribution of Europe in Paris. Major changes in ownership on the Adriatic. Extensive Croatian and Slovenian territory awarded to the Italians. In:  Reichspost , Monday edition, No. 129/1919 (XXVI. Volume), March 17, 1919, p. 1. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / rpt.
  6. ↑ Egbert Peinhopf: railroads in Istria - then and now . bahnmedien.at , Vienna 2017, ISBN 978-3-9503921-8-0 , p. 240.
  7. ↑ communications. (...) I. On state railway lines and private railways operated by the state. In:  Der Bautechniker , No. 48/1908 (XXVII. Year), November 27, 1908, p. 8, column 2. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / maintenance / construction.
  8. ^ Elmar Oberegger : Koper Railway . In: Obergger2.org , 2006, accessed October 25, 2016;
    -: Pula Railway . In: Obergger2.org , 2006, accessed October 27, 2016.

Remarks

  1. ↑ The Ghibelline battlement frieze above the front facade was erected in 1664. Since 2001, after several years of renovation, the palace has been the seat of the city administration again.
  2. ↑ At the bottom left of the picture: (former administrative) building of the passenger port. To the right: Salt storage and market hall from the Venetian era, now partially Restaurant Taverna (Carpaccio Square).
  3. ↑ The interior was remodeled by Giorgio Massari in the 18th century .
  4. ↑ One of the oldest regional depictions of Christ on the cross is kept in the church, which was extensively restored in 1731. The church was once the seat of St. Nazarius - hospice .
  5. ↑ Named after the region of the same name. Other university facilities are located in Izola and Portorož . Already during the first independence of Slovenia after the First World War, there were considerations to found a university in Koper.
  6. ↑ Column commemorates Venice's victory over the Turks at Lepanto , 1571, in which a galley from Koper was also involved.