European elections in the United Kingdom 2019
The European elections in the United Kingdom and Gibraltar in 2019 took place on May 23, 2019.
73 mandates were elected for the European Parliament . The term of office of parliamentarians elected in the United Kingdom and Gibraltar ends when the United Kingdom leaves the EU on January 31, 2020.
In the 2019 European elections in Great Britain, an increasing number of residents from other EU countries complained that they had been refused to participate in the European elections.
prehistory
The UK government originally set March 29, 2019 as the date for the UK to leave the EU . However, in agreement with the European Union, “Brexit” has been postponed until after April 12, 2019. The British Prime Minister Theresa May later asked also for another shift. In the event of a postponement beyond May 22, 2019, the United Kingdom would have to hold an election to the European Parliament according to several legal opinions . In this case, 73 of the 751 Members of the European Parliament would be elected in the United Kingdom .
The British Electoral Commission had already set aside almost a million pounds for the election in spring 2018. On May 7, 2019, David Lidington , Head of Cabinet May II , stated that "regrettably" the EU exit could not take place before the election date and that the UK would therefore have to take part in the election.
As expected, the election campaign in the United Kingdom was dominated by the planned exit from the EU and the associated leadership crisis in the Conservative Party. On May 24, 2019, the day after the election, Theresa May announced her early resignation from the post of Prime Minister. This step had long been expected and dissatisfaction with the results of their policies had long been evident. In November 2018, the former leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP), Nigel Farage, left his previous party and joined a newly formed party, the Brexit Party , in January , in which he soon played a leading role. Just like UKIP, the Brexit Party essentially presented itself as a one-topic party that promised to “ deliver Brexit ” . In the opinion polls, the Brexit Party quickly rose to become the strongest party, especially after the exit from the EU was postponed to October 2019. Incidentally, the well-known, hardened political fronts became apparent, with the parties demanding a second EU exit referendum ( Liberal Democrats , the hesitant Labor Party , Scottish National Party, etc.) on the one hand and the EU-skeptical wing of the Conservative Party, UKIP and the Northern Irish Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) on the other. In contrast, other issues played a minor role in the election campaign.
Electoral system
The 73 MPs were elected in 12 constituencies. In each constituency, with the exception of Northern Ireland, proportional representation is used separately . Between three and ten mandates are awarded per constituency, there is no explicit threshold clause . Notwithstanding this, a system with transferable individual voting is used in Northern Ireland .
Constituencies:
- East Midlands 5
- East of England 7
- London 8
- North East England 3
- North West England 8
- South East England 10
- South West England (including Gibraltar ) 6
- Yorkshire and the Humber 6
- West Midlands 7
- Wales 4
- Scotland 6
- Northern Ireland 3
Parties
The following table lists the parties and the number of their candidates per constituency (excluding Northern Ireland):
Political party | European party / group |
EM | EE | Lon | NE | NW | SE | SW | WM | YH | whale | Sco |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative party | AKRE | 5 | 7th | 8th | 3 | 8th | 10 | 6th | 7th | 6th | 4th | 6th |
Labor Party | SPE | 5 | 7th | 8th | 3 | 8th | 10 | 6th | 7th | 6th | 4th | 6th |
Liberal Democrats | ALDE | 5 | 7th | 8th | 3 | 8th | 10 | 5 | 7th | 6th | 4th | 6th |
UK Independence Party | ENF | 5 | 7th | 8th | 3 | 8th | 10 | 6th | 7th | 6th | 4th | 6th |
Brexit party | EFDD | 5 | 7th | 8th | 3 | 8th | 10 | 6th | 7th | 6th | 4th | 6th |
Change UK - The Independent Group | - | 5 | 7th | 8th | 3 | 8th | 10 | 6th | 7th | 6th | 4th | 5 |
Green Party of England and Wales Scottish Green Party |
EGP | 5 | 7th | 8th | 3 | 8th | 10 | 6th | 7th | 6th | 4th |
6th |
Scottish National Party | EFA | 6th | ||||||||||
Plaid Cymru | 4th | |||||||||||
Yorkshire Party | 6th | |||||||||||
English Democrats | - | 4th | 2 | 4th | ||||||||
UK European Union Party | - | 6th | 1 | 2 | ||||||||
Independent Network | - | 5 | ||||||||||
Animal Welfare Party | APEU | 6th | ||||||||||
Women's Equality Party | - | 8th | ||||||||||
Socialist Party of Great Britain | - | 10 | ||||||||||
Independent candidates | - | 1 | 1 | 11 | - | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
Northern Ireland
The following parties each have one candidate in the constituency of Northern Ireland:
- Sinn Féin ( GUE-NGL Group)
- Democratic Unionist Party
- Ulster Unionist Party ( AKRE )
- Social Democratic and Labor Party ( PES )
- Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
- Conservative Party (AKRE)
- Green Party in Northern Ireland (EGP)
- UK Independence Party (ENF Group)
- Traditional Unionist Voice
There are also two non-party candidates.
Distribution of mandates before the election
Political party | Mandates election 2014 |
Mandates termination 2019 |
fraction |
---|---|---|---|
Labor Party | 20th | 18 * | S&D |
Conservative party | 19th | 18th | ECR |
Ulster Unionist Party | 1 | 1 | |
Brexit party | - | 14th | EFDD |
Social Democratic Party | - | 1 | |
Independent | - | 3 | |
UK Independence Party | 24 | 1 | non-attached |
- | 2 | ENF | |
Independent | - | 1 | |
Green Party of England and Wales | 3 | 3 | Greens / EFA |
Scottish National Party | 2 | 2 | |
Plaid Cymru | 1 | 1 | |
Change UK - The Independent Group | - | 2 | EPP |
Liberal Democrats | 1 | 1 | ALDE |
Sinn Féin | 1 | 1 | GUE / NGL |
Democratic Unionist Party | 1 | 1 | non-attached |
More independent | - | 1 | non-attached |
total | 73 | 71 * |
Survey
United Kingdom
Institute | date | UKIP | Lab | Con | Green | LibDem | SNP | plaid | Brexit | TIG | Otherwise. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Opinium | 05/20/2019 | 3% | 17% | 12% | 7% | 15% | 3% | 1 % | 38% | 3% | 2% |
Survation | 05/17/2019 | 3% | 24% | 14% | 4% | 12% | 4% | 1 % | 30% | 3% | 4% |
Survation | 05/09/2019 | 4% | 24% | 12% | 6% | 11% | 4% | 1 % | 30% | 4% | 4% |
Opinium | 07/05/2019 | 4% | 26% | 14% | 6% | 12% | 5% | 2% | 29% | 2% | 1 % |
Survation | 04/25/2019 | 7% | 27% | 16% | 4% | 8th % | 3% | 1 % | 27% | 4% | 4% |
European elections 2014 | 05/22/2014 | 26.6% | 24.4% | 23.1% | 7.6% | 6.6% | 2.4% | 0.7% | - | - | 8.6% |
Great Britain
Institute | date | UKIP | Lab | Con | Green | LibDem | SNP | plaid | Brexit | TIG | Otherwise. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMG | 05/22/2019 | 2% | 18% | 12% | 8th % | 17% | 3% | 1 % | 35% | 4% | 1 % |
Ipsos | 05/22/2019 | 3% | 15% | 9% | 10% | 20% | 3% | - | 35% | 3% | 3% |
YouGov | May 21, 2019 | 3% | 13% | 7% | 12% | 19% | 3% | 1 % | 37% | 4% | 2% |
Cantar | May 21, 2019 | 4% | 24% | 13% | 8th % | 15% | 3% | - | 27% | 5% | 1 % |
Panelbase | May 21, 2019 | 3% | 25% | 12% | 7% | 15% | 4% | - | 30% | 3% | 1 % |
Opinium | May 18, 2019 | 2% | 17% | 12% | 7% | 15% | - | - | 38% | 3% | - |
ComRes | 05/17/2019 | 3% | 22% | 12% | 7% | 14% | 3% | 1 % | 32% | 5% | 1 % |
YouGov | 05/17/2019 | 3% | 15% | 9% | 11% | 17% | 3% | 1 % | 34% | 4% | 3% |
ComRes | May 16, 2019 | 2% | 23% | 9% | 9% | 16% | 4% | 1 % | 31% | 4% | 1 % |
Opinium | May 16, 2019 | 2% | 20% | 12% | 6% | 15% | 4% | - | 34% | 3% | - |
YouGov | May 16, 2019 | 3% | 15% | 9% | 10% | 16% | 3% | 1 % | 35% | 5% | 3% |
HanburgStrategy | 05/13/2019 | 3% | 25% | 13% | 7% | 14% | 4% | - | 30% | 6% | - |
ComRes | 05/12/2019 | 3% | 25% | 15% | 7% | 13% | 3% | - | 27% | 6% | 1 % |
Opinium | 05/10/2019 | 4% | 21% | 11% | 8th % | 12% | 4% | 1 % | 34% | 3% | 2% |
BMG Research | 05/10/2019 | 3% | 22% | 12% | 10% | 19% | - | - | 26% | 3% | 1 % |
ComRes | 05/09/2019 | 3% | 25% | 13% | 8th % | 14% | 3% | 1 % | 27% | 6% | 1 % |
YouGov | 05/09/2019 | 3% | 16% | 10% | 11% | 15% | 3% | 1 % | 34% | 5% | 3% |
Opinium | 07/05/2019 | 4% | 26% | 14% | 6% | 12% | 5% | 2% | 29% | 2% | 1 % |
ComRes | 07/05/2019 | 2% | 26% | 14% | 6% | 11% | 3% | 1 % | 28% | 8th % | 1 % |
European elections 2014 | 05/22/2014 | 27.5% | 25.4% | 23.9% | 7.9% | 6.8% | 2.5% | 0.7% | - | - | 5.5% |
course
Election result
The result in England, Wales and Scotland was published on May 26, 2019. The count in Northern Ireland began on the morning of May 27, 2019.
Nationwide results
In the table below, Northern Ireland uses first preference votes.
European elections in the United Kingdom 2019 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Political party | be right | Seats | |||||
number | proportion of | +/- | number | +/- | proportion of | ||
Brexit Party (Brexit) | 5,248,533 | 30.52% | New | 29 | New | 39.7% | |
Liberal Democrats (LibDem) | 3,367,284 | 19.58% | + 12.97% | 16 | +15 | 21.9% | |
Labor Party (Lab) | 2,347,255 | 13.65% | −10.78% | 10 | −10 | 13.7% | |
Green Party of England and Wales (Green) | 1,881,306 | 10.94% | + 4.03% | 7th | +4 | 9.6% | |
Conservative Party (Con) | 1,512,147 | 8.79% | −14.26% | 4th | −15 | 5.5% | |
Scottish National Party (SNP) | 594,553 | 3.46% | +1.09% | 3 | +1 | 4.1% | |
Change UK - The Independent Group (TIG) | 571,846 | 3.32% | New | 0 | New | 0.0% | |
UK Independence Party (UKIP) | 554.463 | 3.22% | - 23.38% | 0 | −24 | 0.0% | |
Plaid Cymru (Plaid) | 163.928 | 0.95% | + 0.27% | 1 | ± 0 | 1.4% | |
Scottish Green Party (SGP) | 129,603 | 0.75% | +0.09% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |
Sinn Féin (SF) | 126,951 | 0.74% | −0.20% | 1 | ± 0 | 1.4% | |
Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) | 124.991 | 0.73% | −0.07% | 1 | ± 0 | 1.4% | |
Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (APNI) | 105,928 | 0.62% | + 0.35% | 1 | +1 | 1.4% | |
Social Democratic and Labor Party (SDLP) | 78,589 | 0.46% | −0.04% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |
Traditional Unionist Voice (TUV) | 62,021 | 0.36% | −0.10% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |
Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) | 53,052 | 0.31% | −0.20% | 0 | −1 | 0.0% | |
Yorkshire Party (YP) | 50,842 | 0.30% | + 0.18% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |
English Democrats (ED) | 39,938 | 0.23% | −0.54% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |
UK European Union Party (EUP) | 33,576 | 0.20% | New | 0 | New | 0.0% | |
Animal Welfare Party (Animal) | 25,232 | 0.15% | +0.02% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |
Women's Equality Party (WEP) | 23,766 | 0.14% | New | 0 | New | 0.0% | |
Green Party in Northern Ireland (GPNI) | 12,471 | 0.07% | + 0.01% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |
Independent Network (Independent) | 7,641 | 0.04% | New | 0 | New | 0.0% | |
Socialist Party of Great Britain (SP) | 3,505 | 0.02% | New | 0 | New | 0.0% | |
Independent | 80,280 | 0.47% | + 0.47% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |
Valid votes | 17.199.701 | 100.00% | 73 | 100.00% | |||
Invalid votes | |||||||
Votes cast | |||||||
voter turnout | 36.9% | +1.5% |
England
In England, 60 seats were awarded in 9 constituencies. The strongest party was the Brexit Party, which received a good third of the votes and was thus above the national average. The results for the Liberal Democrats and the Greens were also above the national average. The crash of the Conservative Party was particularly drastic, and with 9 percent of the votes it only ended up in fifth place of all parties.
Results of the European elections in the United Kingdom 2019 in England | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Political party | be right | Seats | |||||||||
number | proportion of | +/- | number | +/- | proportion of | ||||||
Brexit Party (Brexit) | 4,744,123 | 33.4% | New | 26th | New | 43.3% | |||||
Liberal Democrats (LibDem) | 3,035,114 | 21.3% | + 14.3% | 15th | +14 | 25.0% | |||||
Labor Party (Lab) | 2,072,698 | 14.6% | −10.6% | 9 | −8 | 15.0% | |||||
Green Party of England and Wales (Green) | 1,828,646 | 12.9% | + 4.9% | 7th | +4 | 11.7% | |||||
Conservative Party (Con) | 1,274,422 | 9.0% | −15.9% | 3 | −14 | 5.0% | |||||
Change UK - The Independent Group (TIG) | 517.510 | 3.6% | New | 0 | New | 0.0% | |||||
UK Independence Party (UKIP) | 493.364 | 3.5% | −25.7% | 0 | −22 | 0.0% | |||||
Yorkshire Party (YP) | 50,842 | 0.3% | + 0.1% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |||||
English Democrats (ED) | 39,938 | 0.3% | −0.6% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |||||
UK European Union Party (EUP) | 33,576 | 0.2% | New | 0 | New | 0.0% | |||||
Animal Welfare Party (Animal) | 25,232 | 0.2% | + 0.1% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |||||
Women's Equality Party (WEP) | 23,766 | 0.2% | New | 0 | New | 0.0% | |||||
Independent Network (Independent) | 7,641 | 0.0% | New | 0 | New | 0.0% | |||||
Socialist Party of Great Britain (SP) | 3,505 | 0.0% | New | 0 | New | 0.0% | |||||
Independent | 69,436 | 0.5% | + 0.1% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |||||
total | 14,219,813 | 100.0% | 60 | 100.0% |
Scotland
Six seats were awarded in the constituency of Scotland. As in the previous elections, the strongest party was the Scottish National Party (SNP), which increased its share of the vote from 29.0% in 2014 to 37.8% and won a majority in 30 of the 32 Scottish Council Areas . The SNP thus gained a seat in the European Parliament. In Orkney and Shetland , the Liberal Democrats became the strongest party. The main loser was the Labor Party, whose share of the vote more than halved from 25.9% to 9.3%. Labor lost its previous two seats in the European Parliament. One of the two elected Labor MPs was David Martin , who had held this seat since 1984 and was the UK's longest-serving MEP. The First Minister of Scotland , Nicola Sturgeon , described the election result as a rejection of the Brexit by the people of Scotland in a first reaction. The turnout of 39.9% was higher than in the previous election. 0.3% of the votes (5239) were invalid.
Results of the 2019 European elections in the United Kingdom in Scotland | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Political party | be right | Seats | |||||||||
number | proportion of | +/- | number | +/- | proportion of | ||||||
Scottish National Party (SNP) | 594,553 | 37.8% | + 8.8% | 3 | +1 | 50.0% | |||||
Brexit Party (Brexit) | 233.006 | 14.8% | New | 1 | New | 16.7% | |||||
Liberal Democrats (LibDem) | 218.285 | 13.9% | + 6.8% | 1 | +1 | 16.7% | |||||
Conservative Party (Con) | 182,476 | 11.6% | −5.6% | 1 | ± 0 | 16.7% | |||||
Labor Party (Lab) | 146.724 | 9.3% | −16.6% | 0 | −2 | 0.0% | |||||
Scottish Green Party (SGP) | 129,603 | 8.2% | + 0.1% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |||||
Change UK - The Independent Group (TIG) | 30.004 | 1.9% | New | 0 | New | 0.0% | |||||
UK Independence Party (UKIP) | 28,418 | 1.8% | −8.7% | 0 | −1 | 0.0% | |||||
Independent | 8,177 | 0.5% | + 0.5% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |||||
Total (valid votes) | 1,571,246 | 100.0% | 6th | 100.0% |
Wales
In the constituency of Wales 4 seats were awarded. The Brexit Party dominated the election. It became the strongest party in 19 of the 22 Council Areas . Plaid Cymru and Labor followed in second and third place. In response to the election result, Welsh Labor Chair and First Minister of Wales , Mark Drakeford , announced that he would support a second exit referendum and vote to remain in the EU. The leader of the Plaid Cymru party said he was pleased that his party had overtaken the Labor Party for the first time in its 94-year history.
Results of the 2019 European elections in the United Kingdom in Wales | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Political party | be right | Seats | |||||||||
number | proportion of | +/- | number | +/- | proportion of | ||||||
Brexit Party (Brexit) | 271,404 | 31.3% | New | 2 | New | 50.0% | |||||
Plaid Cymru (Plaid) | 163.928 | 22.4% | + 7.1% | 1 | ± 0 | 25.0% | |||||
Labor Party (Lab) | 127,833 | 14.8% | −13.4% | 1 | ± 0 | 25.0% | |||||
Liberal Democrats (LibDem) | 113,885 | 13.2% | + 9.2% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |||||
Conservative Party (Con) | 54,587 | 6.3% | −11.1% | 0 | −1 | 0.0% | |||||
Green Party of England and Wales (Green) | 52,660 | 6.1% | +1.6% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |||||
UK Independence Party (UKIP) | 27,566 | 3.2% | −24.4% | 0 | −1 | 0.0% | |||||
Change UK - The Independent Group (TIG) | 24,332 | 2.9% | New | 0 | New | 0.0% | |||||
total | 836.195 | 100.0% | 4th | 100.0% |
Northern Ireland
3 seats were awarded in the constituency of Northern Ireland. A system with transferable individual voting is used. For the first time in the history of the European elections in Northern Ireland, three women were elected. They represented DUP, Alliance and Sinn Feín. The Ulster Unionist Party lost its longstanding mandate to the Alliance, which won the first mandate in the European Parliament in its party's history.
Results of the 2019 European elections in the United Kingdom in Northern Ireland | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Political party | Voices 1st preference | Seats | |||||||||
number | proportion of | +/- | number | +/- | proportion of | ||||||
Sinn Féin (SF) | 126,951 | 22.2% | −3.3% | 1 | ± 0 | 33.3% | |||||
Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) | 124.991 | 21.8% | + 0.9% | 1 | ± 0 | 33.3% | |||||
Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (APNI) | 105,928 | 18.5% | + 11.4% | 1 | +1 | 33.3% | |||||
Social Democratic and Labor Party (SDLP) | 78,589 | 13.7% | + 0.7% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |||||
Traditional Unionist Voice (TUV) | 62,021 | 10.8% | −1.3% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |||||
Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) | 53,052 | 9.3% | −4.0% | 0 | −1 | 0.0% | |||||
Green Party in Northern Ireland (GPNI) | 12,471 | 2.2% | + 0.5% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |||||
UK Independence Party (UKIP) | 5.115 | 0.9% | −3.0% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |||||
Conservative Party (ConNI) | 662 | 0.1% | −0.6% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |||||
Independent | 2,667 | 0.5% | + 0.5% | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |||||
Valid votes | 572,447 | 100.0% | 3 | 100.0% |
Political groups in the European Parliament
Political party | Seats | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
number | +/- | % | ||
Renew Europe (RE) | 17th | +16 | 23.3% | |
The Greens / European Free Alliance (Greens / EFA) | 11 | +5 | 15.0% | |
Progressive Alliance of Social Democrats (S&D) | 10 | −10 | 13.7% | |
European Conservatives and Reformists (EKR) | 4th | −16 | 5.5% | |
United European Left / Nordic Green Left (GUE / NGL) | 1 | ± 0 | 1.4% | |
European People's Party (EPP) | 0 | ± 0 | 0.0% | |
Identity and Democracy (ID) | 0 | New | 0.0% | |
non-attached | 30th | +29 | 41.1% | |
total | 73 | - | 100.0% |
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d The UK's European elections 2019. BBC News, May 27, 2019, accessed May 27, 2019 .
- ↑ British put elections to the EU parliament on the plan - derStandard.at. Retrieved April 9, 2019 (Austrian German).
- ↑ Lisa O'Carroll Brexit correspondent: EU citizens denied vote in European elections to sue UK government . In: The Guardian . May 25, 2019, ISSN 0261-3077 ( theguardian.com [accessed May 25, 2019]).
- ↑ May asks EU to postpone Brexit until June 30 - derStandard.at. Retrieved April 9, 2019 (Austrian German).
- ^ John Bercow's committee sets aside nearly £ 1m for post-Brexit EU election. The Times, May 27, 2019, accessed May 7, 2019 .
- ↑ Brexit: UK 'has to fight European elections', says David Lidington. BBC News, May 7, 2019, accessed May 7, 2019 .
- ↑ a b https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/european-elections-2019-candidates-mep-who-standing-eu-vote-full-list/
- ↑ Opinium survey May 20, 2019 , opinium.co.uk
- ↑ Survation Survey May 17, 2019 , survation.com
- ↑ Survation Survey May 9, 2019 , survation.com
- ↑ Opinium survey May 7, 2019 , opinium.co.uk
- ↑ Survation Survey April 25, 2019 , survation.com
- ↑ BMG survey May 22, 2019 , bmgresearch.co.uk
- ↑ Ipsos survey May 22, 2019 , ipsos.com
- ↑ YouGov Survey May 21, 2019 , yougov.co.uk
- ↑ Kantar survey May 21, 2019 , uk.kantar.com
- ↑ Panelbase survey May 21, 2019 , drg.global
- ↑ Opinium survey May 18, 2019 , opinium.co.uk
- ↑ ComRes survey May 17, 2019 , comresglobal.com
- ↑ YouGov survey May 17, 2019 , yougov.co.uk
- ↑ ComRes survey May 16, 2019 , comresglobal.com
- ↑ Opinium survey May 16, 2019 , opinium.co.uk
- ↑ YouGov Survey May 16, 2019 , yougov.co.uk
- ↑ HanburgStrategy survey May 13, 2019 , comresglobal.com
- ↑ ComRes survey May 12, 2019 , comresglobal.com
- ↑ Opinium survey May 10, 2019 , opinium.co.uk
- ↑ BMG Research Survey May 10, 2019 , opinium.co.uk
- ↑ ComRes survey May 9, 2019 , comresglobal.com
- ↑ YouGov Research Survey May 9, 2019 , yougov.co.uk
- ↑ Opinium survey May 7, 2019 , opinium.co.uk
- ↑ ComRes survey May 7, 2019 , comresglobal.com
- ↑ EU Elections 2019: SNP secures three seats as Labor vote collapses. BBC News, May 27, 2019, accessed May 30, 2019 .
- ^ Scotland Results. electionsscotland.info, accessed May 30, 2019 .
- ↑ a b European election 2019: Brexit Party tops poll in Wales. BBC News, May 28, 2019, accessed May 28, 2019 .
- ↑ European election 2019: Mark Drakeford backs Remain in new Brexit referendum. BBC News, May 28, 2019, accessed May 28, 2019 .
- ↑ As it happened: European election 2019 results in Wales: 'Historic occasion'. May 27, 2019, accessed May 27, 2019 .
- ^ European elections: Long, Dodds and Anderson elected. BBC News, May 28, 2019, accessed May 28, 2019 .