Eyes Wide Shut

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Movie
German title Eyes Wide Shut
Original title Eyes Wide Shut
Eyes wide shut logo.jpg
Country of production Great Britain ,
United States
original language English
Publishing year 1999
length 153 minutes
Age rating FSK 16
Rod
Director Stanley Kubrick
script Stanley Kubrick,
Frederic Raphael
production Stanley Kubrick,
Jan Harlan
music Jocelyn Pook
camera Larry Smith
cut Nigel Galt
occupation
synchronization

Eyes Wide Shut [ ˌaɪz ˌwaɪd ˈʃʌt ] ( German  "eyes wide closed" ) is the last completed film by the American film director Stanley Kubrick , who died in March 1999 just a few days after the film was cut. It is afilm adaptation of Arthur Schnitzler's dream novel with Nicole Kidman and Tom Cruise in the leading roles,which has been relocated to contemporary New York . Eyes Wide Shut was a financial success, but its quality is judged very differently by film critics, especially when compared to other films by the director.

action

The New York doctor Bill Harford and his wife Alice attend the Christmas party of their mutual friend Victor Ziegler, at which both flirt with other party guests. Bill meets an old college friend, Nick Nightingale, again. He now works as a pianist. In the course of the evening, Ziegler called Bill into his bathroom because a woman named Mandy, with whom he had apparently just had sex, is under the influence of drugs and can hardly be approached. However, she recovers and Bill promises Ziegler not to tell anyone about it.

The next day, after using marijuana together, Bill and Alice had an argument about infidelity and jealousy. Alice admits to Bill that she cheated on his mind with a naval officer she briefly met last summer vacation. She also explains to him that because of this man she would have been willing to leave her husband and daughter. At that moment the phone rings and Bill learns of the death of one of his patients and drives over to him. During his visit, the dead man's daughter begins kissing Bill and confesses her love to him. When her fiancé arrives, Bill makes his way home again.

Lost in thought, he wanders through the New York nightlife, is approached by the prostitute Domino and accompanies her to her apartment. However, before any intimacy occurs, Alice calls him on the cell phone. Bill pays dominoes and leaves. In a jazz club he visits Nightingale, who tells him that he has another engagement that same night. There are many attractive women in this place, but you are only allowed in with a password . Nick himself has to play the piano there blindfolded. All of this piques Bill's curiosity, but Nick refuses to take him with him. But he tells him the place, password ("Fidelio") and dress code.

In a costume rental shop, Bill meets the owner Mr. Milich, who is only willing to reopen the shop especially for him at an additional cost. When looking for a suitable costume, they discover Mr. Milich's underage daughter among the clothes, who is in the process of having fun with two Japanese men in disguise. While the father grabs the two of them and wants to call the police, his daughter begins to flirt with Bill.

Arrived at the given address, Somerton Castle, Bill witnessed a satanic ceremony in which all participants wear Venetian masks and a sexual orgy takes place in the further course . A beautiful lady takes him aside and urges him to leave the house. Bill stays anyway, is discovered and brought before the master of ceremonies, who wants to punish Bill for his intrusion. The blame, however, takes on the unknown beauty, although it seems to be in great danger, so that Bill is allowed to leave the castle - on condition that he maintains secrecy and ceases his investigations. When he gets home, he wakes his wife from an erotic nightmare. In it she had had sexual intercourse with countless men and laughed maliciously at Bill who was watching them.

The next day, Bill tries to meet Nightingale to talk about the previous night. In the hotel where Nightingale stayed, Bill learns that he hastily checked out that night, accompanied by two menacing men. When he returned his costume, he noticed that he had lost the mask that went with it. The two Japanese are also present again. Milich explains that he has come to an amicable agreement with them. He indirectly offers his daughter's sexual services to Bill. Bill then visits the property again himself, where the orgy took place. However, he is again asked by letter to stop his research.

Bill wants to visit the prostitute Domino again. However, he only meets her roommate Sally, who also begins to flirt with Bill and finally tells him that Domino found out that she was HIV positive . Back on the street, Bill finds that he is being followed. He disappears into a cafe. He learned from the newspaper that a former New York beauty queen named Amanda Curran had been hospitalized for a drug overdose. He suspects an assassination attempt on the unknown lady who sacrificed herself for him the previous night. In the hospital, he learns of the death of Amanda Curran and then examines the body. Bill realizes that Amanda Curran is the warning woman from the previous night.

Ziegler calls Bill to visit him. He reveals himself to be one of the masked men at Somerton Castle and assures Bill that Amanda Curran's drug death had nothing to do with what had happened that night. Everything was just a farce that was only supposed to intimidate him. He also mentions that if Bill learned the names of the participants in the orgy, he would not be able to sleep peacefully. Confused, Bill returns home and finds the lost mask on his pillow next to his sleeping wife. With tears he tells her of all his failed attempts to get revenge for her unfaithful fantasies. They forgive each other and decide to stay “ awake ” from now on and give their relationship a new foundation. The next morning they do Christmas shopping with their daughter. Alice says that you should be grateful that you survived, that she loves him and that there is something you need to do as soon as possible. When Bill asks what it is, she replies: "Fuck".

background

Script development

The figure of Victor Ziegler played by Sydney Pollack has no equivalent in the dream novel

As early as 1968, after 2001: A Space Odyssey had been published, Kubrick had the idea to film the dream novel by the Austrian author Arthur Schnitzler , published in 1926 . However, the project was not actually implemented until 30 years later. In the meantime, Kubrick's concepts for the filming kept changing. While he wanted to make a very serious film with Woody Allen in the leading role of a Jewish doctor in the 70s, the plan turned into an ironic sex comedy with Steve Martin or Robin Williams in the 80s . The idea of ​​a period film, set in London or Dublin, was also under discussion.

Work on the script began in November 1994. Kubrick decided to take the film seriously and transfer it to contemporary New York. He also rejected the idea of ​​adding the protagonists' Jewish identity to the plot. He wrote the script together with Frederic Raphael , who in retrospect described working with Kubrick as very tense and complained that there was little freedom in terms of content. Raphael and Kubrick left the fable largely untouched, but made several small changes to the story in addition to transferring the plot to America in the late 1990s: During the novella with a conversation between Fridolin (Bill) and Albertine (Alice) in the evening after the big ball begins and this is only described by her utterances, the film shows the evening itself. The relationship between Bill and Alice in the conversation that evening is more asymmetrical than in the book, as Fridolin's reply that he too was almost on vacation had an affair is missing.

In contrast to the Venetian disguises in the film, the secret society in the novel wears monk and nun costumes. Since the novella takes place during Carnival, this is hardly surprising for Fridolin; the festivity that he attends with his wife is also a masked ball in the book. In addition, only a naked dance is described at the secret celebration, an orgy like the one shown in the film does not appear in the book, even if Fridolin suspects that there are rooms to withdraw from. After Fridolin has been exposed and the stranger has sacrificed herself for him, he is forced to get into a carriage that is locked. He panics, but is only dropped off on the outskirts and has to run home. The film adaptation skips this part of the story.

The character Victor Ziegler was added, who as part of Bill's normal life, but also as a member of the secret society, is supposed to create a connection between the two worlds, a connection that does not exist in the novel. His explanation that the women were prostitutes and that the punishment was just a farce to intimidate Bill appears in the novella only as a presumption by Fridolin.

The script was finally completed in the spring of 1996.

occupation

Kubrick wanted to hire a couple for the two main actors in order to lower the inhibition threshold for some scenes. After Kim Basinger and Alec Baldwin were initially in conversation, but Baldwin did not seem suitable for the role, the decision was finally made on Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman . The mediation came about through Sydney Pollack . Nicole Kidman was finishing filming Portrait of a Lady when she and Cruise received the script. Because of the unusually long filming, some actors left the cast prematurely and had to be replaced. The role of Victor Ziegler was originally occupied by Harvey Keitel before Sydney Pollack took over the role. Jennifer Jason Leigh had originally played Marion, but was not available for the re- shoots , so she was replaced by Marie Richardson .

Filming

Kidman and Cruise had been married for five years when filming began in November 1996. According to the two actors, in some scenes it was actually an advantage for them that they were also a couple in real life, but sometimes this also led to difficulties. Kidman commented that for her the lines between reality and fiction sometimes blurred and she actually became Alice. For Cruise, on the other hand, it was particularly difficult to play a character who was much more introverted and observant than himself. While Kubrick was very controlling in places, he gave the actors great freedom in other scenes.

Kubrick had no time pressure from the studio, so he took as much time as he thought necessary during the filming. As in Kubrick's other films before, some scenes were often repeated in order to get as many different theatrical and surprising and interesting variations of a scene as possible. The lack of time pressure, for example, also meant that Kidman actually cried for several hours while working on the dialogue at the end of the film, so that the puffy eyes did not have to be made up with appropriate makeup. During the long and intensive filming, a close relationship developed between the actors and the director.

Like all Kubrick's films since 2001: A Space Odyssey , Eyes Wide Shut was shot in England. In order to let the protagonist wander through the streets of New York anyway, various methods were combined: On the one hand, a film set was built that was modeled on the appearance of the real city. Further exterior shots were made in London , where American telephone booths were set up for the shooting. In addition, recordings were shot on site by a second unit and combined with the other recordings through editing and rear projections . Most of the interior shots, however, were shot at Pinewood Studios . Filming lasted until January 1998, with a few re-shoots in April.

Post production

The title music of the film is " Waltz No. 2 " from the suite for variety orchestra (referred to as Jazz Suite No. 2 in the credits ) by Dmitri Shostakovich . It is used in the opening and closing credits and in the montage of Bill and Alice's daily routine, and in the film it stands for everyday family life. The most prominent part of the film music, however, is the minimalist piano piece Musica Ricercata II: Mesto, Rigido e Cerimoniale by György Ligeti , which can be heard at five points in the film, always in connection with the threat posed by the secret society. It embodies the law that Bill broke. The music composed especially for the film comes from Jocelyn Pook , it was mainly used in the two monologues of Alice, the orgy in Somerton and Bill's fantasies about his wife's infidelity.

During the shooting, lamps that were visible in the picture were used as light sources. In order to still achieve sufficient brightness, a push development was carried out afterwards , which gave the image a fairly high degree of graininess . The version for the US market was defused in the org scene to avoid an age rating of NC-17 . Computer-generated people were inserted for this purpose. This was the first time CGI was used in a Kubrick film.

Marketing and Publishing

In the late 1990s, Warner Bros. Eyes announced Wide Shut as "a story of sexual jealousy and obsession, starring Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman". Little more information was available in the years that followed, and various rumors began to circulate. It was said that Cruise and Kidman would play psychiatrists who engage in sexual relations with their patients, or that Tom Cruise would wear a dress in one scene. The rumor that the film contained sex scenes between Nicole Kidman and Tom Cruise also lasted a long time. The star reported in March 1999 that Kubrick was so dissatisfied with the love game between the two main actors that he hired two sex therapists. The American magazine was then sued by the two actors for defamation . The trailer , edited by Kubrick, also contained many scenes in which Cruise and Kidman can be seen flirting, kissing and naked, and thus further fueled the audience's expectations. However, the finished film did not include a sex scene between the two main actors.

A first screening of the final cut took place on March 1, 1999 in front of actors, the studio management and other contributors in New York. Stanley Kubrick was very happy with the result, but suddenly passed away just six days later. The post-production on the sound track had not yet been completed at this point, so the final sound mix could no longer be monitored by Kubrick.

Screenwriter Frederic Raphael published the book Eyes Wide Open in the summer of 1999 , in which he describes his collaboration with Kubrick on the film. Widow Christiane Kubrick then published a statement in which she accused Raphael of breach of trust and of denigrating her husband. By publishing confidential conversations, he had violated Kubrick's privacy and conveyed a wrong picture in his description of the director's personality. When looking for a publisher, Raphael also gave the impression that the book had been authorized by Kubrick's family, which was not true.

Was released Eyes Wide Shut of the same year on July 16 in the US, the European premiere took place as the opening film of the 56th Venice Film Festival held on September 1st. In Germany, the film was released on September 9th. Eyes Wide Shut was first shown on German free TV on December 21, 2002 at 10:40 p.m. on ARD.

synchronization

The German synchronization was commissioned by Film- & Fernseh-Synchron in Berlin. The dialogue book was written by Frank Schaff , who directed the dialogue , based on Kubrick’s wish, Edgar Reitz , which he had expressed before his death and whom he valued for the first part of the Heimat trilogy. It was also Kubrick who cast Patrick Winczewski as a spokesperson for Tom Cruise .

role actor Voice actor
Dr. William "Bill" Harford Tom Cruise Patrick Winczewski
Alice Harford Nicole Kidman Irina Wanka
Victor Ziegler Sydney Pollack Thomas Fritsch
Nick Nightingale Todd Field Philipp Brammer
Sandor Szavost Sky du Mont Sky du Mont
Marion Marie Richardson Madeleine proud
Amanda "Mandy" Curran Julienne Davis Kathrin Simon
domino Vinessa Shaw Michaela Degen
Dickie Taylor Thomas Gibson Claus-Peter Damitz
Mr. Milich Rade Šerbedžija Yuri Gotovchikov
Sally Fay Masterson Veronika Neugebauer

interpretation

References to Kubrick's oeuvre

Like Kubrick's other films, such as The Shining , Eyes Wide Shut is about everyday life, in which on the surface everything seems to be in order at first, but the facade of which soon begins to crumble. Some allusions to Kubrick's earlier works are hidden in the film. For example, in two scenes on billboards in the background, the name "Bowman" can be read, one of the astronauts in Kubrick's 2001 film : A Space Odyssey . The black carpet in the Rainbow Fashions costume shop is also reminiscent of the monolith from this film. The costumes used in the same scene are based on those from Kubrick's period film Barry Lyndon .

Image composition

The dominant colors red and blue also appear at the beginning of the novella in a story read out by the couple's daughter: "But the prince, wrapped in his purple cloak, was lying alone on the deck under the dark blue, star-studded night sky". They can be interpreted in different ways. The red in the film is assigned, among other things, the erotic moment, femininity and overcoming everyday life. Blue, on the other hand, is associated with cold, distance, everyday life and masculinity. However, the colors appear very frequently and in different contexts. So they are not symbolically read but ambiguous created.

Kubrick used various cinematic means to realize a dream-like effect of the film on the viewer. Already at the beginning of the action, in the scene in the protagonists' apartment, there is a noticeably high number of connection errors and changes of perspective that create a feeling of disorientation. This is reinforced later in Bill's Odyssey through the city: the scenes were all shot in the same setting and, through constant déjà vus, convey the feeling that Bill would be treading on the spot. The counter in Rainbow Fashions changes its position in the room by 90 ° from one day to the next, which further contributes to disorientation. Finally, the image itself also appears more impressionistic and dreamlike than in other films due to the film's high sensitivity to light.

In general, the film is kept in rather calm images. The scene of the first discussion between Bill and Alice is an exception. When Bill says that he knows that Alice would never cheat on him and she then bursts into loud laughter, the only hand-held camera shot is seen whose wobbling shakes the foundation of the Marriage visualized.

characters

Arthur Schnitzler was fascinated by Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis and provided his main characters with traits that allow them to be assigned to specific disorders. Alice embodies the image of the hysterical woman in novels and films . She only breaks out of bourgeois family life in her dreams. Bill's order of the world, which he takes for granted, is called into question by his wife's confession. From that moment on, unlike his wife, he actually tries to be unfaithful, not just in his imagination. According to Freud, the disorder of obsessional neurosis can be recognized in it. Even if we can't read Bill's mind, we share all of his secrets and follow him everywhere. The story of the film, like that of the novella, is told from his point of view with a few exceptions. Due to the lack of voice-overs , Bill's thoughts and emotions remain largely hidden from the viewer, which implicitly makes him appear passive, as if he were walking through a dream that he could not influence or even comment on.

In the case of Victor Ziegler, it remains unclear until the very end whether he can be trusted. On the one hand he is part of the secret society, on the other a paternal friend of Bill. In his revelation towards the end of the film, the viewer doubts the truthfulness of his statements, because his character fluctuates between friendly and angry, between confident and nervous and his sentences sometimes seem like they have been memorized.

Hieronymus Bosch's triptych The Garden of Earthly Delights is said to have influenced Kubrick's portrayal of the orgy

The masked ball

The code word for the masked ball in the literature is "Denmark" - the country in which Albertine and Fridolin both toyed with the idea of ​​an affair. Kubrick, however, opted for " Fidelio "; Ludwig van Beethoven's only opera is named after the cover name that the protagonist Leonore adopts in her male travesty in order to free her lover Florestan from prison. Exactly what the opera is about is perverted at the masked ball: bourgeois love. In his staging, Kubrick was influenced by an actual orgy that took place in the Vatican in 1501 with the participation of Pope Alexander VI. should have taken place. This religious (or anti-religious) component is emphasized by the film music: During the ceremony, Latin monk chants are played backwards, while Hindu chants can be heard during the organ scene. The look of the orgy is said to have been influenced by the central part of the Garden of Earthly Delights by Hieronymus Bosch . The Islamic architectural elements and the oriental music underline the strangeness that Somerton is supposed to exude. In addition, the rooms of the castle are the only ones that do not have Christmas lights. The orgy itself is not staged in an intoxicating and stimulating way, but rather captured in slow motion by the calm movements of the camera and the slow fades.

The symbol of the mask

The participants in the orgy in Somerton are masked. On the one hand, this is used for anonymization. On the other hand, sex with a person whose face is deprived of its living expression by a mask and appears dead can also be seen as a form of necrophilia . In Eyes Wide Shut , the mask does not only appear as a prop, but also stands, as with Erving Goffman , for the role that each individual plays in society. Intentions and longings remain hidden behind her. Alice drops her mask of the faithful wife at the moment when she tells Bill about her fantasy of unfaithfulness and thus destabilizes her marriage. Bill's face seems empty since then, not only his social role , but also his facial expressions resemble a mask for the rest of the film. The viewer can barely read his emotions in his face. He only takes off this mask-like feeling shortly before the end of the film, when he collapses in front of his wife and promises to tell her everything.

reception

Box office results and reviews

Financially, Eyes Wide Shut's theatrical release was a huge success: the film clearly recouped production costs of about $ 65 million with revenues of over $ 160 million worldwide, about a third of which came from the US.

However, after the film was released, criticism was divided. Many former Kubrick admirers reacted with rejection. Above all, the acting performances of the two main actors were positively highlighted by many. The "brave game" of Cruise and Kidman in the scene of the dispute is the driving force of the entire film, Kidman's monologue is even the "high point of their career". Urs Jenny wrote in Der Spiegel that the arguing scene had “a breathtaking intimacy, a tension at the highest Ingmar Bergman level that can hardly ever be found in US cinema.” However, Tom Cruise as the main actor was sometimes harsh Criticism with statements such as that "when he tries to simulate brain activity, he looks like a Neanderthal man" and the rhetorical question: "Who told Kubrick that Cruise could act?" The performance of the supporting actors was praised by many critics.

About Kubrick's direction and the film as a whole, some positively emphasized the "strange, unsettling and sometimes erotic mood". The subtle expression of a dream-like state in the atmospheric film hardly makes it possible to distinguish between reality and imagination; the use of music is "masterful". Janet Maslin of the New York Times described the film as "a compelling addition to Kubrick's oeuvre". Emanuel Levy, on the other hand, called Eyes Wide Shut one of Kubrick's most conventional films that lacks the usual eccentric imagery and narrative form. The weakest scene is the ceremony before the masked orgy. Some found clearer words: Eyes Wide Shut was "gigantic, misguided, cold and idiotic" or, as David Edelstein put it, a "drowsy pile of rubbish".

Other critics only commented negatively on individual scenes, sections or aspects of the film. Roger Ebert complained in the Chicago Sun-Times that the reconciliation in the end did not go with the previous plot, while others criticized the scene with Ziegler for explaining too much and for the film with its "cloak-and-sword plot" damage. Variety's Todd McCarthy described the entire second half after the orgy as less engaging and found the stalker "redundant." The lexicon of international films would have preferred to see the film adaptation of the dream novel in a historical setting: the psychoanalytical component of the material lost credibility due to the relocation to New York in the late 20th century, as the story of its embedding in the moral code of the early 20th century . Century was robbed. Urs Jenny thought that the film had little to do with New York today.

Overall, however, the patient received mostly positive reviews. The film review portal Rotten Tomatoes gives the film 75% positive reviews and it has a Metascore of 68 out of 100 on Metacritic .

Awards and nominations

The German Film and Media Assessment FBW in Wiesbaden awarded the film the rating particularly valuable.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ imdb.com: Eyes Wide Shut Quotes
  2. ↑ a b c Chion, Eyes Wide Shut , p. 16.
  3. ^ Jacket: Stanley Kubrick , pp. 309-313.
  4. ^ Naremore: On Kubrick , p. 225.
  5. ↑ Seeßlen, Jung: Stanley Kubrick and his films , p. 287.
  6. ↑ a b jacket: Stanley Kubrick , p. 309.
  7. ↑ Chion: Eyes Wide Shut. P. 18.
  8. ↑ Chion: Eyes Wide Shut. P. 21.
  9. ↑ Jacket: Stanley Kubrick , p. 310.
  10. ↑ a b c jacket: Stanley Kubrick , p. 312.
  11. ↑ a b jacket: Stanley Kubrick , p. 313.
  12. ↑ Interview with Nicole Kidman, Eyes Wide Shut (2-Disc Special Edition DVD), Warner Home Video 2007.
  13. ↑ Jacket: Stanley Kubrick , p. 321.
  14. ↑ a b jacket, Stanley Kubrick , p. 315.
  15. ↑ a b See the interviews with Nicole Kidman and Tom Cruise, Eyes Wide Shut (2-Disc Special Edition DVD), Warner Home Video 2007.
  16. ↑ Chion, Eyes Wide Shut , p. 27.
  17. ^ A b Jan Harlan : Stanley Kubrick - A Life for Film , USA 2001.
  18. ↑ The Last Movie: Stanley Kubrick & Eyes Wide Shut , in: Eyes Wide Shut (2-Disc Special Edition DVD), Warner Home Video 2007.
  19. ^ Tony Reeves: The Worldwide Guide to Movie Locations . Titan Books, London 2006.
  20. ^ Jacket, Stanley Kubrick , p. 322.
  21. ↑ Chion, Eyes Wide Shut , p. 25.
  22. ↑ Chion, Eyes Wide Shut , p. 41.
  23. ↑ Chion: Eyes Wide Shut , p. 33.
  24. ↑ Chion, Eyes Wide Shut , p. 32 f.
  25. ↑ Chion, Eyes Wide Shut , p. 28.
  26. ^ Naremore: On Kubrick , p. 338.
  27. ^ Richard Schickel, Cathy Booth: Cinema: All Eyes On Them. In: Time Magazine. July 5, 1999, accessed October 7, 2010 .
  28. ↑ Love scenes too boring? In: Der Spiegel. April 24, 1999, accessed October 7, 2010 .
  29. ^ Cathy Booth: Cinema: Three Of a Kind. In: Time Magazine. July 5, 1999, accessed October 7, 2010 .
  30. ^ Naremore: On Kubrick , p. 222.
  31. ^ Christiane Kubrick: Christiane Kubrick's website. In: Eyes Wide Shut - Official Website. Warner Bros., August 12, 1999, accessed October 7, 2010 .
  32. ↑ Data on the start of the film in the IMDb , accessed on August 26, 2010.
  33. ↑ Eyes Wide Shut in the German synchronous file .
  34. ↑ Chion: Eyes Wide Shut , pp. 41-45.
  35. ↑ Bernstein: Notes on Eyes Wide Shut (PDF; 912 kB), p. 42.
  36. ↑ Arthur Schnitzer: Dream novel . S. Fischer Verlag, Berlin 1926, p. 3.
  37. ↑ Chion: Eyes Wide Shut , p. 15.
  38. ↑ a b jacket: Stanley Kubrick , p. 318.
  39. ^ A b Fischer: Raum und Zeit in the cinematic oeuvre of Stanley Kubrick , p. 466.
  40. ↑ Fischer: Raum und Zeit in the cinematic oeuvre of Stanley Kubrick , p. 451.
  41. ↑ Fischer: Raum und Zeit in the cinematic oeuvre of Stanley Kubrick , pp. 459–465.
  42. ^ Naremore: On Kubrick , p. 236.
  43. ↑ Chion: Eyes Wide Shut , p. 50.
  44. ↑ Seeßlen, Jung: Stanley Kubrick and his films , p. 284.
  45. ↑ Chion: Eyes Wide Shut , p. 52.
  46. ^ Naremore: On Kubrick , p. 337.
  47. ↑ Chion: Eyes Wide Shut , p. 55 f.
  48. ↑ Jacket: Stanley Kubrick , p. 323.
  49. ↑ Jacket: Stanley Kubrick , p. 325.
  50. ↑ Jacket: Stanley Kubrick , p. 327.
  51. ↑ Fischer: Raum und Zeit in the cinematic oeuvre of Stanley Kubrick , p. 450.
  52. ↑ Fischer: Raum und Zeit in the cinematic oeuvre of Stanley Kubrick , p. 469.
  53. ^ Fischer: Raum und Zeit in the cinematic oeuvre of Stanley Kubrick , p. 472.
  54. ↑ Jacket: Stanley Kubrick , p. 326.
  55. ↑ Fischer: Raum und Zeit in the cinematic oeuvre of Stanley Kubrick , p. 456.
  56. ↑ Fischer: Raum und Zeit in the cinematic oeuvre of Stanley Kubrick , p. 452.
  57. ↑ Chion: Eyes Wide Shut , p. 84.
  58. ↑ Seeßlen, Jung: Stanley Kubrick and his films , p. 286.
  59. ^ Eyes Wide Shut at Boxofficemojo.com, accessed August 26, 2010.
  60. ↑ Seeßlen, Jung: Stanley Kubrick and his films. P. 297.
  61. ↑ a b c d Janet Maslin : Bedroom Odyssey. New York Times, July 16, 1999, accessed October 24, 2010 (free registration required).
  62. ↑ a b c d e Todd McCarthy: Eyes Wide Shut - Kubrick Casts a Riveting Spell. In: Variety . July 12, 1999, accessed November 1, 2010 .
  63. ↑ a b Urs Jenny: Black Mass. In: Der Spiegel. July 19, 1999, accessed October 7, 2010 .
  64. ↑ a b David Edelstein: The Naked and the Dead. Eyes Wide Shut is a fearfully distant orgy. In: Slate . July 16, 1999, accessed March 21, 2011 .
  65. ↑ a b Stephen Hunter: Kubrick's Sleepy 'Eyes Wide Shut'. In: Washington Post . July 16, 1999, accessed March 21, 2011 .
  66. ↑ a b c Roger Ebert: Eyes Wide Shut. Chicago Sun-Times, July 16, 1999, accessed October 24, 2010 .
  67. ^ Emanuel Levy: Eyes Wide Shut (1999). Retrieved October 31, 2010 .
  68. ^ Eyes Wide Shut in the Lexicon of International FilmsTemplate: LdiF / Maintenance / Access used .
  69. ↑ Eyes Wide Shut at Rotten Tomatoes (English)
  70. ↑ Eyes Wide Shut at Metacritic (English)
This article was added to the list of articles worth reading on April 4, 2011 in this version .