Franz Hoffmann (architect, 1884)

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Franz Hoffmann around 1935

Franz Hoffmann (born June 13, 1884 in Charlottenburg ; † July 15, 1951 Berlin-Westend ) was a German architect whose main activity was in the Berlin area. From 1909 and 1912 until his death in 1951, Hoffmann was a partner of the brothers Bruno and Max Taut , but his work was always overshadowed by the more famous. Many of the buildings planned and implemented together have been preserved, 14 have been included as architectural monuments in the Berlin State Monument List .

Life

Family and education

Franz Hoffmann was the son of the master builder and carpenter Friedrich Hoffmann, whose parents came from Lausitz . The mother, Marie Rudlof, came from an arable family in Nauen . The father owned many houses in Berlin-Schöneberg and was very wealthy. Franz had two older sisters - Elsbeth, who later worked as an accountant in his office, and Anna, who married the son of the laundry owner Erwin Reibedanz around 1910 .

Franz attended the community school until 1895, after which he switched to the 6th Higher Citizens School, which he successfully completed in the summer of 1902. He then completed a school education up to secondary school in Bad Sachsa . In 1905 Hoffmann finally acquired a journeyman's certificate as a carpenter at the Berlin building trade school . He broke off a subsequent study of architecture at the Technical University of Charlottenburg in 1907, completed a second apprenticeship as a bricklayer and passed an examination as a master builder.

Service as a one-year volunteer and foundation of the Taut & Hoffmann office

After completing his basic technical training, Franz Hoffmann began his service as a one-year volunteer with the Uhlans in Salzwedel . Back in his hometown Schöneberg , Hoffmann got a job in Heinz Lassen's architecture office . Here he worked until July 1909, met Bruno Taut while working together and they decided to set up their own office. Until the business license was granted on August 9, 1909 for the Taut & Hoffmann architects' association , both of them gained their first own experience in and outside of Berlin as independent construction specialists. As start-up capital for the new “master builder community”, Franz received an amount of 5,000 marks from his grandmother . They rented a small office at Linkstrasse 20 (later Potsdamer Strasse 119) near Potsdamer Platz in Berlin-Mitte.

After minor tasks and numerous participation in competitions, they received two important commissions in 1910: They won the competitions for the construction of workers' housing estates in Magdeburg ( Garden City Colony Reform ) and in Falkenberg near Grünau . - During the implementation of these projects, Hoffmann clearly recognized the responsibility of building owners and architects for future apartment users and formulated his credo in later years:

“Since 1910, I have been working very closely with Professor Bruno Taut and later also with Professor Max Taut on building workers' apartments. [...] For the economically weak population, this social housing means building on the basis of the cost calculation, renouncing any profit with strict rent calculation. [...] It will be ensured that the apartments have good floor plans and are solidly built. Bad housing and bad building without quality not only spoil the character, but are extremely questionable for purely economic considerations and inhibit the healthy development of the nation as a whole. "

The now established office community Taut & Hoffmann joined in 1912 (according to another source 1913) Max Taut , the younger brother of Bruno Taut. Franz Hoffmann became a member of the SPD in 1912, probably due to his experience in building workers' housing and the numerous conversations he had with future residents . The socialist ideas of this party represented at the time came closest to his ideas of a better society.

The large residential complexes, which became known through the media, led to numerous other building projects by private individuals, building associations and municipal institutions in Charlottenburg and the later neighboring districts of Berlin. Until the beginning of the First World War , Franz Hoffmann was able to hire more and more talented civil engineers. He and his partners preferred building trade school graduates to academics.

From the First World War to the end of the Weimar Republic

In 1914 there was an interruption in Hoffmann's professional career, he had to start his military service on October 14th . As a cavalryman he was used on the German Eastern Front. After the end of the war, he returned from the mission on February 1, 1919. His office partners had meanwhile continued to work and their good reputation always brought them new jobs. So Franz Hoffmann was able to work as an architect again together with them.

On June 5, 1924 Hoffmann married the singer Charlotte ("Lotte") Hennig, they raised their daughter Sigrid ("Isi"; married Fischer-Sperling) together. Through the marriage, Hoffmann got in touch with the Quaker organization , resigned from the Protestant Church and became a member of the Quakers. He remained associated with this aid organization for a lifetime. In 1932, for example, he had made a name for himself in the implementation of the administration building - the so-called Quaker House  . In the special cemetery for the deceased members of this organization in Bad Pyrmont , a memorial plaque for Franz Hoffmann was also placed after his death. In the Eichkamp estate , which Taut & Hoffmann were heavily involved in during this period, Franz Hoffmann also built a house for his family (Zikadenweg 70). He had the interior of his half equipped with the most modern materials of the time and with well thought-out amenities, such as built-in cupboards, a glazed veranda, a wall cupboard that can be used on both sides instead of a partition between the kitchen and living room or a cork floor. Radio stations were not yet that widespread, which is why the Hoffmanns often made music together at home.

According to his wife, Franz Hoffmann was “an acquirer, managing director and above all confidante for the Taut brothers; certainly less creative, but certainly stimulant, critic and always involved in the assessment. ”The daughter, who for a few years was closely associated with the work of Franz Hoffmann, gave the following assessment in 1995:“ My father was not a creative artist. As a person, he was an analyst who, through his innate intuition, was able to recognize artistic and functional achievements with absolute certainty. [...] He also had a very warm way of approaching everyone he met. Bruno Taut seemed to appreciate these qualities in him when he formed an 'architects' association' with him in 1909. It was undoubtedly not the money my father had inherited that led Bruno to make this merger. That wouldn't suit Bruno. Back then, this talented young architect, Bruno Taut, would have found other partners as well. Otherwise why should he have continued the partnership after the First World War, when he slowly worked his way up to great financial successes. [...] Above all, my father was always the last person to correct floor plans, floor plans were his strength. "

From 1930 until the end of World War II

In a publication of the 8 o'clock evening paper in the 1930s, under the heading “Berlin will still be the ugliest city in the world”, a very derogatory criticism of the special workers' housing by Hoffmann and Taut was expressed: “Berlin's tradition is not artistic, but rather it is the tradition of work. […] Let's not refer to Schinkel , who said 'architecture is nothing if it is not new', than to Hoffmann, who says 'architecture is nothing if it is not old'. ”The architects had meanwhile Especially in Charlottenburg, which had meanwhile been incorporated into Berlin, a large number of rental houses were converted, based on their ideas of healthier living.

Independent of the planning and construction activities of the trio of architects, Franz Hoffmann and the building contractor Georg Schuster developed the new building material cork cement and the corresponding manufacturing process. In 1936 they registered a patent for it as a “building material containing cork and cement and a process for its production” . The patent was granted in 1939 and was classified as DRP 675 177 (Class 80b, Group 2104). In 1937, both of them submitted a component based on the new building material as a utility model patent: "Combined building panels", which was also granted to them (DRGM 1378 987). The patents were registered in Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, Portugal as well as Morocco, Canada, Egypt and Palestine and were probably also commercially exploited (the documents do not provide any clear information about this).

The business premises in Potsdamer Strasse used by the architects' society were given up in 1932 because of the original 37 employees (1929, for the twentieth anniversary), several had to be laid off gradually. The global economic crisis led to a decline in orders, but also to serious financial problems, because already finished buildings were no longer paid for. They moved into rooms in an office building they had previously built at Bayreuther Strasse 27–28. But a short time later, during the National Socialist era , more employees had to stop because the architects refused to build for the new rulers. Now there were only orders from private individuals or from trade union organizations. Bruno Taut worked in the Soviet Union from 1932 to 1933 and then emigrated via Japan to Turkey because there were difficulties with the required “ Aryan certificate ”. The poor order situation also had a personal impact. The Hoffmann family rented out individual rooms in their house and had to give notice to the housekeeper.

Franz Hoffmann and his wife were active members of the Quakers, as explained above. From 1933 onwards, the Berlin Quaker Office maintained an advice center for Jews and other victims of the Nazi regime in what was then Prinz-Louis-Ferdinand-Strasse (today Planckstrasse), where Frau Hoffmann worked. This humanitarian aid continued during the war. In addition, the group decided to collect school books in German, English or Russian and send them to prisoner-of-war camps after reviewing them, because they had learned that German prisoners of war were being looked after by British and American Quakers. Franz Hoffmann carried out the book collection in the educational institutions with the permission of the SS security service . For his legitimation he received a letter of approval with the official ( swastika ) seal, which he always carried with him.

The office building was so badly damaged by a fire bomb on November 23, 1943 that it was no longer possible to work here. An application made by Hoffmann in October 1944 for “financial compensation according to the 1940 War Damage Ordinance” with a corresponding list shows a loss of around 70,000 Reichsmarks. What, when and in what amount was paid cannot be found out. Hoffmann had found a new task for himself and his few employees that saved them from being deployed in the war: the city of Berlin distributed individual residential areas to architectural offices for the structural supervision of repairs after air raids, resulting in "Aircraft Damage Removal Offices" (FSBB). Hoffmann received the core area between Wittenbergplatz , Olivaer Platz and Steinplatz with the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church in the center from the Charlottenburg District Office . With two former employees (M. Schultz and site manager Erich Voss) they moved into commercial space in a former clothing store on Kurfürstendamm in 1942 . (Max Taut's house was also destroyed by a bomb, so that he moved to Chorin around 1943 , from where he did not get to work in Berlin.) The FSBB was now under the direction of Hoffmann, who was responsible for assessing war damage and arranging repairs and had to coordinate compulsory craftsmen.

New start with problems

Franz Hoffmann in the garden of his Berlin house in 1950

When the Red Army reached Berlin and a Soviet headquarters was established in Eichkamp at the end of April 1945, Franz Hoffmann came under control. The letter from the security service regarding the book collection was found on him with the imprint of a swastika and the SS mark. Because none of the soldiers or officers here could speak German, they took Hoffmann for a supporter of the National Socialists and took him prisoner. He was taken to a collection center in the Grunewald area and probably suffered severe abuse there. Only after a week was an interpreter able to clear up the mistake and Franz Hoffmann was released. He had changed so much that at first even his wife didn't recognize him. He never told anyone about the details of this period.

The architecture office did not officially exist between July 1945 and August 1946, Max Taut and Franz Hoffmann applied for a new business license as the architecture office Taut & Hoffmann (Bruno Taut had died in Turkey in 1938), which was granted to them on May 8, 1946 by the Charlottenburg district office . Above all, Franz Hoffmann now conducted extensive correspondence with previous customers, including high-ranking people in other (federal) states such as North Rhine-Westphalia , in order to get new orders. In addition, they worked on repairs to damaged houses, mainly due to the enormous war damage. However, new project orders could not be obtained because both materials and funds were missing. Publications about her realized buildings and specialist lectures - for example in 1950 "About social building and about workers' settlements in the past and future" by Franz Hoffmann - brought some income. When Max Taut increasingly tried to get his own construction contracts around 1950, the long-standing community broke up.

Franz Hoffmann was a member of the Association of German Architects .

Overview of the buildings in which Franz Hoffmann was significantly involved

1909 to 1914

Terraced house in the reform colony Gartenstadt near Magdeburg
  • December 1909: Participation in a competition for a (third) extension of the Wertheim department store on Leipziger Strasse. The design from T & H was purchased.
  • 1909–1910: Group of rental houses in Rixdorf , Kottbusser Damm 90 / Spremberger Strasse 11 / Bürknerstrasse 12–14, with apartments and shops on the ground floor.
  • 1910–1911: Workers' housing estates in Magdeburg ( "Garden City Colony Reform" ) and near Grünau as the garden city of Falkenberg .
  • 1910: Exhibition pavilion for the II. German clay, cement and lime industry exhibition in Berlin on behalf of the Trägerverkaufkontor GmbH ; with Bruno Taut
  • 1910–1911: Residence Adolf-Martens-Straße 14 in Lichterfelde for Erwin Reibedanz ; with Bruno Taut and the sculptor Wilhelm Repsold
  • 1910–1911: Tenement complex Nonnendammallee 97 / Wattstrasse 5 / Grammestrasse 11; Siemensstadt in today's Spandau district ; with Bruno Taut
  • 1910–1911: Kottbusser Damm 2–3 residential complex, Berlin-Kreuzberg ; Hoffmann, Bruno Taut and Arthur Vogdt built a privately financed rental house here that was badly damaged in World War II. After many years of vacancy, it was reconstructed in 1978 according to plans by Inken and Hinrich Baller .
  • 1911–1912: Conversion of a residential building from 1880 into an office and commercial building on behalf of the contractor Arthur Vogdt, demolished in 1946 after war damage
  • 1911–1912: Reibedanz Co. steam washing works in Tempelhof , Teilestrasse 23; with Max Taut
    low-rise building with an eye-catching wall relief made of yellow clinker bricks with dark gray inlays in the early Expressionist style. Remnants that survived after 1945 are used by a car repair shop.
  • 1911–1912: Residential building with shops on the ground floor, side and transverse wing in Charlottenburg , Bismarckstraße 116 / Hardenbergstraße 1, destroyed in 1944 and cleared after the end of the war
  • 1911–1914: Renovation of the Protestant church in Nieden in the Uckermark
Pavilion Monument of Iron , 1913
View of the interior of the 1914 glass pavilion
  • 1911–1913: Pavilion "Monument des Eisens" for the International Building Exhibition in Leipzig in 1913. The exhibition hall on the old Leipzig Exhibition Center has not been preserved.
  • Around 1912: Heinrich Mittag's office building in Magdeburg
  • 1912–1913: Extension for the Jandorf department store , which opened in 1906 , on Wilmersdorfer Strasse / Pestalozzistrasse in Charlottenburg
  • 1912–1913: Apartment building with large ten-room apartments in Charlottenburg, Schillerstraße 1, with Bruno Taut and the sculptor Georg Kolbe , destroyed in the war
  • 1912–1913: four-storey residential building with representative 14-room apartments with a wing and a transept around two inner courtyards for the Tiergarten-Haus- und Grundstücksgesellschaft mbH , destroyed in the war and then cleared
  • around 1913: Recreation home for civil servants in Bad Harzburg for employees of Siemens-Schuckertwerke (“Ettershaus”) on behalf of the Hertha-von-Siemens Foundation
  • 1913/1914: Pavilion made of steel and glass ("Das Glashaus") by Hoffmann and Bruno Taut for the Cologne Werkbund exhibition in 1914

1919 to 1932

Residential buildings Corker Str. 27–29
  • 1924–1930: Schillerpark housing estate in Berlin-Wedding , Bristolstrasse 1–27, Barfusstrasse 23–31, Corker Strasse 3–35, Dubliner Strasse 62–66, Holländerstrasse 80–84, Windsorer Strasse 3–11; with Bruno Taut on behalf of the Berliner Bau- und Wohnungsgenossenschaft von 1892 eG (BBWG)
  • 1926: Pavilions for the General German Trade Union Federation (ADGB) on the occasion of the "Great Exhibition for Health, Social Care and Physical Exercise Düsseldorf 1926 - GeSoLei ".
  • 1926–1931: Row houses in Buschallee and Trierer Strasse in Berlin-Weißensee , commissioned by various housing associations
  • 1927–1932: House of the German Transport Association in Berlin-Mitte , Michaelkirchplatz 1–2 / Engeldamm 70 , preserved and re-used by Franz Hoffmann, the Taut brothers and the sculptor Rudolf Belling
  • 1928–1930: Attilahöhe housing estate in Berlin-Tempelhof (also for the BBWG) by Franz Hoffmann, Bruno Taut, Paul Zimmereimer and Otto Rudolf Salvisberg ; with a community house and a laundry, in the triangle Tankredstrasse 1–15 / Alboinstrasse / Attilastrasse 10–17. In 1937 the building was expanded again through a "block closure" in Paul-Schmidt-Strasse. The houses at Tankredstrasse 1–9 were badly damaged at the end of the Second World War and were (still) rebuilt in 1951 under Franz Hoffmann's direction.
  • 1929–1930: Administrative headquarters for the Reichsknappschaft at Rüdesheimer Strasse 54–56 in Berlin-Wilmersdorf ; with Max Taut
  • 1927–1928 and 1929–1930: residential complexes in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg , in the street area Hosemannstrasse / Greifswalder Strasse / Naugarder Strasse / Grellstrasse and Rietzestrasse, which later became the residential town of Carl Legien on behalf of GEHAG WIP and BauBeCon; with Bruno Taut
  • 1929–1930: rows of houses at Waldowstrasse 1–32 / Humboldtstrasse 30–31 in Berlin-Reinickendorf , with Max Taut
  • 1929–1930: Large-scale bakery complex for the Berlin consumer cooperative in Berlin-Spandau on today's Carl-Schurz-Strasse, consisting of manufacturing, storage and dispatch buildings as well as a residential building for employees
  • 1929–1931: Trade union building in Frankfurt am Main , Wilhelm-Leuschner-Strasse, steel frame construction in the style of New Building and New Frankfurt building .
  • 1930–1931: House in Berlin-Frohnau , Benediktinerstraße 32, with Max Taut

1931 to 1945

Oranienplatz in Kreuzberg, on the left edge of the picture the former consumer department store by Cremer & Wolfenstein 1912–13
  • 1931–1933: Department store for the Berlin consumer cooperative in Berlin-Kreuzberg , Oranienplatz 4–10 at the corner of Prinzessinnenstrasse, rebuilt with Max Taut in
    1935, 1955 and 2000.
  • Around 1940: conversion of a house into a bank building in Salzwedel , together with Max Taut.

After 1945

  • 1947: Residential and commercial building in Berlin-Charlottenburg , Wilmersdorfer Straße 102–103, with Max Taut

literature

  • Rudolf Vierhaus (Ed.): German Biographical Encyclopedia. Volume 3. Saur, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-598-25038-5 .
  • Winfried Nerdinger , Kristiana Hartmann, Matthias Schirren , Manfred Speidel (eds.): Bruno Taut 1880–1938. Architect between tradition and avant-garde. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-421-03284-X .
  • Winfried Brenne: Bruno Taut. Master of colored building in Berlin. Braun, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-935455-82-4 .
  • Isi Fischer-Sperling: 1999 - a look back. Memoirs of the daughter of Franz Hoffmann.
  • Max Taut's extension of his trade union building (Max Taut and Franz Hoffmann, Berlin). In: Bauwelt. 25, born 1949.
  • The Reichsknappschafts building. In: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung, 51, issue 6, year 1931, pp. 84–91.
  • Paul Westheim : New work by the architects Bruno Taut, Max Taut, Franz Hoffmann. In: Special edition of the magazine "Wohnungskunst / Raumkunst". Berlin 1914.
  • Gustav Adolf Platz : Modern architecture. Mann, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-7861-2304-7 .
  • Winfried Nerdinger, Cornelius Tafel: Architecture Guide Germany: 20th Century. Birkhäuser, Basel 1996, p. 111. ( online )
  • Unda Hörner: The architects Bruno and Max Taut. Two brothers - two paths in life. Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-7861-2662-1 .

In the Foundation Archive of the Academy of Arts (architecture archive) there is an extensive collection of personal documents and individual manuscripts of the architect's work, which were used for this elaboration.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Isi Fischer-Sperling: 1999. Franz Hoffmann - a review . Self-published in 1999
  2. ↑ a b Defense pass from Franz Hoffmann, Baukunstarchiv, signature 90-1-14
  3. ^ Lecture by Franz Hoffmann around 1950: About socialist building and workers' settlements in the past and future ; Archive number 90-01-14 in the architecture museum of the Berlin Academy of Arts
  4. ↑ Architecture database of the University of Dortmund. Retrieved August 2, 2009
  5. ↑ a b Memoirs of his wife Charlotte Hoffmann, quoted in Isi Fischer-Sperling: 1999. Franz Hoffmann - a review ; Self-published in 1999
  6. ^ Adolf Behne: Berlin will still be the ugliest city in the world ; Baukunstarchiv signature 90-1-17
  7. ↑ Baukunstarchiv, call numbers 90-01-5 and 90-01-6
  8. ↑ Planckstrasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near  Kaupert )
  9. ↑ Baukunstarchiv, call numbers 90-1-8 and 90-1-9
  10. ↑ Isi Fischer-Sperling: End of the war 1944–1945. Memories of my father Franz Hoffmann. Self-published, 1998; Pp. 1-19
  11. ↑ Ulrike Eichhorn : Taut & Hoffmann in Berlin. Edition Eichhorn, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-8442-8120-0 .
  12. ↑ Baukunstarchiv, call number 90-1-10
  13. ↑ architecture archive, Signature 90-01-14
  14. ↑ Franz Hoffmann. In: arch INFORM ; Retrieved March 1, 2010.
  15. ^ Robert Hebel: Alfred Messel's Wertheim buildings in Berlin. Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-7861-2571-6 , pp. 904ff.
  16. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Brenne: Bruno Taut ...
  17. ↑ Ulrich Bücholdt: II. Clay, Cement and Lime Industry Exhibition Berlin 1910. ( Memento of the original from January 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. private website (building overview of the exhibition), accessed on August 2, 2009 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kmkbuecholdt.de
  18. ↑ Architectural monument of tenement Adolf-Martens-Strasse
  19. ↑ Architectural monument tenement Nonnendammallee
  20. ↑ a b Information about preserved and restored buildings by Taut & Hoffmann on the website of a city guide with an architectural focus; Retrieved January 19, 2016
  21. ↑ Architectural monument steam washing works Reibedanz
  22. ↑ a b c d ZS Wohnungskunst, Baukunstarchiv, call number 90-1-16
  23. ↑ panoramio.com: Interior view of the church, accessed on January 30, 2010
  24. ^ Franz Hoffmann: The monument of iron , excerpt from a Bach journal. Architecture archive, call number 90-01-15
  25. ↑ Interior of the Ettershaus on a picture postcard; accessed on January 30, 2010  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.ansichtskarten-center.de  
  26. ^ Walk through the neighborhood on October 8, 2005 with the district mayor Monika Thiemen. Retrieved August 2, 2009
  27. ↑ Silke Böttcher: The village of celebrities behind the Avus. It is only a stone's throw away from Kurfürstendamm and yet it is a world of its own . In: Berliner Morgenpost , June 2, 2008
  28. ↑ Architectural monument of the union building, Wallstrasse at the corner of Inselstrasse
  29. ^ Institute for Monument Preservation (Ed.): The architectural and art monuments of the GDR: Berlin, Volume I. Henschelverlag, Berlin 1984, p. 252.
  30. ↑ Architectural monument residential building Lindenallee
  31. ↑ Architectural monument book printer building
  32. ↑ Karl-Heinz Hüter, Martin Wörner, Doris Mollenschott: Architectural Guide Berlin. Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 1991.
  33. ↑ Homepage of the owners' association of the former book printer house , accessed on August 3, 2009.
  34. ↑ Schillerpark settlement. Welterbesiedlungen-Berlin.de, accessed on January 19, 2016.
  35. ^ Ulrich Bücholdt: Great exhibition for health, social care and physical exercises Düsseldorf 1926 - "Gesolei". ( Memento of the original from May 2, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. private website (building overview of the exhibition), accessed on February 1, 2010 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kmkbuecholdt.de
  36. ↑ Site plan of the settlement on a sheet of paper in the architecture museum of the TU Berlin
  37. ↑ Architectural ensemble of the Attilahöhe settlement
  38. ↑ Reichsknappschaftshaus architectural monument
  39. ↑ record to Reich miners' house in the Culture database kudaba.de, accessed 2 August 2009
  40. ↑ Architectural ensemble residential complex in Prenzlauer Berg
  41. ↑ Architectural monument residential complex in Reinickendorf
  42. ↑ Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung, 53rd year 1933, issue 5, pp. 49-58: Large bakery plant in Berlin-Spandau
  43. ^ Bernd Kalusche, Wolf-Christian Setzepfand: Architecture Guide Frankfurt am Main. Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 1992.
  44. ↑ Aufbau-FFM ( Memento from September 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) - A documentation on the post-war period in Frankfurt am Main; Retrieved August 3, 2009
  45. ↑ Architectural monument residential building in Frohnau
  46. ↑ Architectural monument former consumer department store
  47. ↑ Ulrich Paul: The architecture of tomorrow is created in the old department store. Taut's building on Oranienplatz attracts creative minds . In: Berliner Zeitung , July 7, 2000
  48. ↑ architecture archive, signature 90-1-17: Press Releases
  49. ↑ Monument residential and commercial building Wilmersdorfer Strasse
personal data
SURNAME Hoffmann, Franz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect
DATE OF BIRTH June 13, 1884
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin-Charlottenburg , Brandenburg Province, Prussia
DATE OF DEATH July 15, 1951
Place of death Berlin-Westend