Georg-Siegfried Schmutzler

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Ernst Georg Siegfried Schmutzler (for first name see below ; born March 14, 1915 in Leipzig ; † October 11, 2003 in Berlin ) was a German Evangelical Lutheran pastor and dissident against the SED dictatorship.

Name variants

Autobiographical and according to DNB , therefore lemma-forming here : Georg-Siegfried Schmutzler; In addition, various forms of the given name can be found in the literature:

Ernst Georg Siegfried Schmutzler - According to relatives, the full first name was Ernst Georg Siegfried Schmutzler, with Siegfried being the first name.

Georg-Siegfried Schmutzler - The Autobiographies (1992, 1994) a. a. have the double name Georg-Siegfried Schmutzler(which is decisive for the local lemma); so also at the DNB and z. B. Gerhard Besier : The SED State and the Church 1969–1990. The vision of the »Third Way« .

Georg Siegfried Schmutzler - The double name form without a hyphen seems to be seldom found outside of Wikipedia. B. in the text [!] Of the Leipzig Lexicon and a regional church caption.

Siegfried Schmutzler - In contrast, the dissertation was published in 1939 under the nickname Siegfried Schmutzler; the name form also appears in the process documentation of the mirror from 1957, in the publications up to 1975 and also later also in Gerhard Besier: "Pastors, Christians and Catholics" , in Neubert , in the Leipzig Lexicon (in the heading), in Chrismon , im The subtitles of the painting Upright are by Reinhard Minkewitz (see below under Honors , Literature and Web Links ) as well as in the necrology of the church gazette .

Georg Schmutzler - Schmutzler has been using this form of name increasingly in his correspondence since the 1970s.

Life

Georg-Siegfried Schmutzler grew up with his mother in Leipzig. His father was missing in America during the First World War . Despite difficult economic conditions, his mother made it possible for him to attend the Oberrealschule-Ost (the later Humboldt School) in Leipzig-Reudnitz . From 1933 he studied education and philosophy at the University of Leipzig a . a. with Theodor Litt and was there in 1939 about Schleiermacher's educational theory to the Dr. phil. PhD . Standing on the side of the Confessing Church in 1939 , he was prevented from "more active" resistance due to long military service and tuberculosis .

Soon after Germany's invasion of Poland , he was drafted into basic military training in Döbeln and then worked as a primary school teacher . a. he gave religious instruction . As a member of the Wehrmacht , he was deployed in Yugoslavia from 1941 and involved in clashes with partisans . In the same year he married the elementary school teacher Marianne Dachsel. He remained a prisoner of war until February 1946 .

Under changed political conditions in the Soviet occupation zone , he could not return to school service. The desire to study theology arose as early as the first years of the war, and so in 1946 he began studying Protestant theology in Leipzig. He heard again from Litt, and from Ernst Sommerlath , to whom he assisted, Albrecht Alt , Albrecht Oepke , Franz Lau and Martin Doerne . The Protestant student community becomes the "center" of his life. In 1951 he completed his studies with the faculty examination, which was followed by training as a teaching vicar in the Evangelical Lutheran Church Office of Saxony in Dresden .

As early as 1946/47 he was a city ​​councilor in Markranstädt near Leipzig, and from 1946–1950 a member of the CDU .

Ordained in 1952 , he first worked as an assistant chaplain in Panitzsch (Leipzig-Land church district), then he worked as a pastor at the Kreuzkirche in Dresden with a service as a study inspector in the Lückendorf seminary . From 1954 to 1957 he served as pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saxony at the Lutheran parish of St. Peter in Leipzig and at the same time as a student pastor of the Protestant Student Community Leipzig ( ESG Leipzig ), where he was critical of the dominant ideology and the corresponding state GDR practice dealt with.

After a week of evangelism in Böhlen from February 23 to March 1, 1957 with the participation of students from the ESG Leipzig, Schmutzler was arrested by the GDR State Security on April 5, 1957 in his apartment at Alfred-Kästner-Strasse 11 in Leipzig . After a “ show trial ” accompanied by opposing propagandistic media interest at home and abroad , Schmutzler was sentenced to five years imprisonment on November 28, 1957 for so-called “ boycott agitation ”. He was imprisoned in Torgau until his (early) release on February 18, 1961 . An exchange of prisoners against Robert Esterle planned by the GDR and explored by law professor Friedrich Karl Kaul . May 1960 in the Federal Republic of Germany a member of the KPD , declared illegal in 1956 , did not take place. After his release, according to Schmutzler, the Saxon regional bishop Gottfried Noth has with him - unspoken probably for the opportunistic , at least cautiously tactical attitude of the Lutheran Lutheran. Regional Church of Saxony - asked for forgiveness .

Schmutzler then became a pastor at the Jakobikirche in Dresden with service in the regional church office and thus for 20 years until his retirement he was theological-pedagogical adviser to the Saxon regional church and to the Federation of Evangelical Churches in the GDR (BEK). From the summer semester 1968 to the summer semester 1981 he taught as a lecturer for philosophy and in the same period as a lecturer for pedagogy at the Theological Seminary in Leipzig and since 1970 has been a member of the commission “Church work with children and confirmands ” of the BEK.

In 1981 he retired and then moved to West Berlin , where he lived with his second wife. From 1982 to 2000 he was head of the “Peace” working group in the Paul Schneider parish in Berlin-Lankwitz .

Schmutzler was politically rehabilitated on July 9, 1991 . In 1996, in room 115 of the Leipzig Regional Court - at the place of his conviction - appeal trials against the then GDR judges Kurt Bachert and Erich Wirth took place, with Schmutzler appearing as a witness.

Schmutzler accompanied the work of the Theodor Litt Society , which was founded after the death of his teacher in 1997, “with a keen, sometimes critical, interest”.

In September 2006, Schmutzler's widow Regina handed over her husband's written estate to the Leipzig University Archives .

Consequences of the trial against Schmutzler

The fate of in the wake of Schmutzler process from the Ministry of State Security occupied arrested and interrogated, first with Uni-Betretungverbot and scholarships withdrawal, then to prison convicted or (temporarily and DDR-wide) exmatrikulierten or (permanent and DDR-wide) relegated and from 1990 only z. Some of the students who have been rehabilitated have so far only been partially processed. While the theology students relatively easily passed on to others, i. H. could change church training centers and continue studying without any notable interruption. For example, an exmatriculated chemistry student would “prove himself in production” for one and a half years before he was allowed to resume his studies with a “ guarantee ” (for political good behavior) from theology professor Emil Fuchs .

The Evangelical Lutheran Regional Church of Saxony did not apologize to the other prisoners and persecuted - similar to the request for forgiveness from Regional Bishop Noth in 1961 ( see above ); A moral as well as material reparation has so far only been given through the (state) rehabilitation laws. The persecution of the students in the context of the Schmutzler trial and a critical examination of the attitude of the regional church at that time as well as Schmutzler itself are - with recognition of locally and substantively limited approaches (and this only in 2011!) - in the overall church culture of remembrance of the Evangelical Lutheran regional church of Saxony obviously not received. Apart from Schmutzler's own memories, the victim's perspective has remained undocumented, with one known exception. The perpetrator perspective is the number of seconds for only the written evidence (such. As Stasi documents, reports of the SED district leadership and [SED] University of party leadership and court records) reconstructed.

The theology students Andreas Jentsch, Wolfgang Wohllebe, Hanno Schmid and the high school student Friedemann Berger are among the politically persecuted students known by name in connection with the Schmutzler trial .

As the successor of Schmutzler, the Ev.-Luth. State Church of Saxony invited the “more loyal” student pastor Dietrich Mendt , who (initially) did not see his focus in the political debate and external impact of the ESG, but rather in the internal and spiritual consolidation of the same in view of its “complete monitoring”.

Honors

In October 1996, Schmutzler was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit on ribbon .

On September 17, 1997, the City Council of Leipzig decided to award Schmutzler the City of Leipzig's Medal of Honor . On November 18, 2004, it was decided to name a new street in the Gohlis- Süd district of Leipzig, named Schmutzlerstraße.

Since 2011, a memorial plaque on Georg-Siegfried-Schmutzler-Haus, seat of ESG Leipzig, has been commemorating Schmutzler's life and work.

In the monumental painting Standing upright by Reinhard Minkewitz from 2015 in the Leipzig university building, Schmutzler figured alongside other political victims of the GDR regime at Leipzig University: Herbert Belter , Werner Ihmels , Wolfgang Natonek , Ernst Bloch , Hans Mayer and Erich Loest .

Fonts

Autobiographies

Works

  • Siegfried Schmutzler: The principles of support and counteraction in Schleiermacher's educational theory. Dissertation, University of Leipzig. Hoffmann, Inh. Fritz Seifert, Leipzig 1939, OCLC 247803961 (112 pages).
  • Siegfried Schmutzler: We saw life. A biblical series of images for Christian teaching and the congregation (with Hans-Georg Anniès and Magdalena Kupfer ). Evangelische Verlagsanstalt , Berlin 1970, DNB 750042796 ; 2nd edition Ibid 1973, DNB 750052422 .
  • Siegfried Schmutzler: Sign. Fourteen woodcuts for the Gospels. Designed for church work by children, youth and parishes by Siegfried Schmutzler (with Hans-Georg Anniès). Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Berlin 1975, DNB 780146077 ; 2nd edition Ibid. 1980 DNB 821104039 .
  • Georg-Siegfried Schmutzler: Opposition in the early GDR. The Evangelical Student Community (ESG) Leipzig in the 1950s. In: Gert Kaiser, Ewald Frie (ed.): Working group Christians, State and Society in the GDR. [2] Lectures and discussions 1993/94. Wissenschaftszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-929-48306-8 (p. 66 on the situation before his arrest), cited above. n. Aribert Rothe: Evangelical student communities in the GDR ( PDF; 184 kB ), p. 3. In: bejm-online.de. Website of the Federation of Protestant Youth in Central Germany (see Evangelical Student Community # History ).
  • Georg-Siegfried Schmutzler: The role of religion in Theodor Litt's pedagogy and philosophy in his time in Leipzig. In: Theodor Litt Yearbook. ISSN  1439-1805 , 2001/2. Leipzig 2002, ISBN 3-936522-22-7 , p. 162.

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cf. “We commemorate deceased church workers”. In: Official Journal of the Evangelical Lutheran Regional Church of Saxony. Dresden, February 27, 2004, No. 3 and 4, p. A 25 ( PDF; 116 kB ( Memento from May 6, 2005 in the Internet Archive )). In: evlks.de, accessed on December 8, 2015 (concise necrology of the last calendar year, only including names, dates of birth and death as well as the last activity).
  2. ↑ a b Information according to the relatives ( memento of July 13, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ). In: esg-leipzig.de. February 16, 2011, forum post, 6:03 p.m., accessed April 17, 2017.
  3. ↑ Literature by and about Georg-Siegfried Schmutzler in the catalog of the German National Library .
  4. ^ Propylaea , Berlin a. a. 1995, ISBN 3-549-05454-8 .
  5. ↑ Schmutzler in the Theological Seminary in Leipzig, undated. ( Memento from December 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) In: evlks.de, accessed on May 25, 2017.
  6. ↑ p. 942.
  7. ↑ Cf. “We commemorate deceased church workers”. In: Official Journal of the Evangelical Lutheran Regional Church of Saxony. Dresden, February 27, 2004, No. 3 and 4, p. A 25 ( PDF; 116 kB ( Memento from May 6, 2005 in the Internet Archive )), accessed on December 8, 2015.
  8. ↑ Gerald Wiemers (Ed.): Leipziger Lebensbilder. The city of Leipzig when it was first mentioned 1000 years ago. 1015–2015 (= Sächsische Lebensbilder. Volume 7; Sources and research on Saxon history. Volume 39). Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig, Leipzig; Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2015, ISBN 978-3-515-11145-4 , pp. 489-494, here p. 490 f.
  9. ↑ In his autobiography Schmutzler pays tribute to his teacher Litt. This gave him and his generation "the philosophical-educational tools for intellectual resistance against the unreasonable demands of the Nazi ideology and its claim to truth as well as against the ideology we were dealing with in eastern post-war Germany." G.-S. Schmutzler: Against the Current, p. 29; quoted n. Wiemers, 2015, p. 492.
  10. ↑ The principles of support and counteraction in Schleiermacher's theory of education . Dissertation, University of Leipzig. Hoffmann, Inh. Fritz Seifert, Leipzig 1939. - In his autobiography Gegen den Strom (1992), Schmutzler referred to Theodor Litt, who had already retired in 1937 because of political differences, as his “secret doctoral supervisor” (p. 40). - For the background, see Wiemers, 2015, p. 491 (f.): The first reviewer is “the rather colorless Hermann Schneider […]. The second reviewer is Hans-Georg Gadamer . ”(Both were co-signers of the professors' commitment to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist state in 1933 at German universities and colleges .)
  11. ↑ a b Wiemers, 2015, p. 492.
  12. ↑ G.-S. Schmutzler: Against the current. P. 54.
  13. ↑ a b G.-S. Schmutzler: Against the current. P.56.
  14. ↑ G.-S. Schmutzler: Against the Current, p. 68; quoted n. Wiemers, 2015, p. 493.
  15. ↑ Cf. the biogram with Cornelia Schnapka-Bartmuß: The Protestant student communities Leipzig and Halle / Saale in the years 1945 to 1971. Dissertation, University of Leipzig. Leipzig 2008, p. 398 f.
  16. ↑ Cf. “Pastors, Christians and Catholics”. The Ministry for State Security of the former GDR and the churches (= historical-theological studies on the 19th and 20th centuries / sources. Vol. 1). Edited by Gerhard Besier. 2nd, presumably edition, Neukirchener Verlag, Neukirchen-Vluyn 1992, ISBN 3-7887-1416-6 , p. 942.
  17. ↑ See Der Spiegel under web links .
  18. ↑ The term is also used by Wiemers, 2015, p. 489.
  19. ↑ Cf. on arrest, interrogation and trial: Schnapka-Bartmuß: The Protestant student communities. Pp. 219-227; and their assessment p. 225 Note 990: "The trial against Schmutzler was a classic show trial." Cf. Falco Werketin: Art. Show trials. In: Lexicon of opposition and resistance in the SED dictatorship. Edited by Hans-Joachim Veen u. a. Munich 2000, p. 317 f., Cited above. after Schnapka-Bartmuß, p. 225 note 990. - The memorial plaque on the Georg-Siegfried-Schmutzler-Haus, seat of the ESG Leipzig (see below honors ), takes up this term in 2011. - There is a previous parallel to the Schmutzler trial in the history of the GDR's judiciary : As early as 1952, Johannes Hamel , the student pastor of Halle (Saale), was convicted of "boycotts" and released after international protests and the 1953 popular uprising . See Schnapka-Bartmuß, pp. 318-324.
  20. ↑ See Schnapka-Bartmuß: The Protestant Student Communities . P. 233 f.
  21. ↑ Cf. G.-S. Schmutzler: Against the current. P. 231, about the first meeting of Schmutzler and his wife since the trial with the regional bishop Noth in the Dresden regional church office : "Now the bishop held my hand, looked at me and asked:" Brother Schmutzler, can you forgive us? "I didn't know as happened to me. I stammered an awkward yes. "
  22. ↑ Cf. G.-S. Schmutzler: Against the current. P. 231, and Schnapka-Bartmuß: The Protestant Student Congregations . P. 399.
  23. ↑ The necrology notes: “last active as a regional church representative for theological-pedagogical work”. "We remember deceased church workers". In: Official Journal of the Evangelical Lutheran Regional Church of Saxony. Dresden, February 27, 2004, No. 3 and 4, p. A 25 (PDF; 116 kB) ( Memento from May 6, 2005 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on December 8, 2015.
  24. ↑ Cf. Dagmar Paffenholz: Art. Condemned, rehabilitated and awarded. P. 5.
  25. ^ Before the Higher Regional Court of Stuttgart . Wiemers, 2015, p. 489 note 1.
  26. ^ Armin Görtz : Pastor Schmutzler went through another GDR show trial. Witness testified in the trial against Bachert. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung . No. 106, May 7, 1996; quoted n. Wiemers, 2015, p. 493.
  27. ↑ a b Wiemers, 2015, p. 494.
  28. ↑ The term in Schnapka-Bartmuß: The Protestant student communities. Pp. 152, 187, 289, 294, 302, 309, 340 fu ö.
  29. ↑ Cf. on this Cornelia Schnapka-Bartmuß: The Protestant Student Communities . Pp. 214–234, bsd. Pp. 222 f., 222, 222 note 974 (on the arrested theology students Andreas Jentsch, Wolfgang Wohllebe and Hanno Schmid), p. 227, 227 note 1002 (on the here “very ambivalent role "of the theology professor Emil Fuchs, see p. 288: Schmutzler is" responsible for it "), pp. 229, 231 f., 233 (apparently similar, somewhat fuzzy, ultimately critical assessment of Schnapka Bartmuß [“He (Schmutzler) interfered in current political and social issues and also asked his students to actively deal with them. This led to the de-registration, arrest and condemnation of young people for whom he should have been a pastor . "]); as well as p. 260–293, vol. 287 (leave of absence of the student trust after the evangelization in Böhlen from February 23 to March 1, 1957), p. 289 (on medical student Ingrid W. and all exmatriculated student trust students), p. 290 ( Relegation proceedings for supporting the so-called "boycott campaign" of Schmutzler against "16 students of the theological, two of the medical and one student of the chemical faculty"), p. 291 (a total of up to 20 relegations or exmatriculations: "That was, apart from 1953, the largest mass de-registration of theology students in the history of the GDR. "), S. 291 n. 1259 (" It was not just relegated to Leipzig students. also in Halle and at the Humboldt University in Berlin who moved Schmutzler process consequences For those who stood up for him and who were members of the Evangelical Student Congregation ”), pp. 291–293 (on Jentsch and Wohllebe). - See the short biographies in the Documentation of Terror published by the Association of German Student Unions: Names and fates of the professors and students arrested and abducted in the Soviet-occupied zone of Germany since 1945 . 5th edition, Berlin-Dahlem 1962, pp. 55, 69, 125 f., 160; quoted n. Schnapka-Bartmuß: The Protestant student communities. P. 222 (f.) Note 974.
  30. ↑ See “on site” the renaming of the headquarters of ESG Leipzig to Georg-Siegfried-Schmutzler-Haus , but the statutes ( memento of December 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) and the website of the Evangelical Student Community Leipzig (ESG Leipzig) which apart from the Schmutzler memorial plaque from 2011 (see under honors ) offer nothing on the history of the institution (e.g. in the preamble ). On an Internet site of ESG Leipzig (which was no longer directly accessible, but archived in 2014), the following is succinctly noted with regard to Schmutzler's: "You are warmly welcome to our ESG House, also called Georg-Siegfried-Schmutzler House, which was dedicated to a former student pastor." In: esg-leipzig.de ( Memento from August 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive , accessed on December 10, 2015). On a website of the Evangelical Lutheran Regional Church of Saxony on "People of the Saxon Church History" ( Memento from December 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), Schmutzler is also not mentioned, nor in the (two-page, therefore eclectic ) "Overview of the History of the Regional Church" “From the Reformation to the Peaceful Revolution - By turning back to the turn” (PDF; 931 kB) ( Memento from March 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), © Ev.-Luth. Regional Church of Saxony, 1/2007 (whereas the political persecution of Werner Ihmels 1947–1949 and the Junge Gemeinde 1952–1953 are mentioned). The regional church information on the anniversary celebration on the occasion of the foundation of the Theological Seminary in Leipzig 50 years ago (1964-2014) ( Memento from December 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) shows only one photo of Schmutzler (n.d.) ( Memento from December 21, 2015 in Internet Archive ) with the caption only about his teaching activities: “Dr. Georg Siegfried Schmutzler (1915–2003) [,] from 1968 to 1981 he taught philosophy and education at the Theological Seminary in Leipzig (source: Landeskirchenarchiv; photo: Prof. Dr. Hans Seidel, Markkleeberg) ”.
  31. ↑ Cf. the autobiographies and the age-related poorly productive poll by Cornelia Schnapka-Bartmuß: "Schmutzler was so marked by illness and weakness that little substantial came out of it." (P. 13)
  32. ↑ See the interview Achim Beiers with two contemporary witnesses on December 1, 2015, documentation (forthcoming) under Archive Citizens Movement .
  33. ↑ "Persecuted Student" and "Persecuted Student" are legal and status terms of the rehabilitation laws .
  34. ↑ a b c Cf. Cornelia Schnapka-Bartmuß: The Protestant student communities. Pp. 222, 222, note 974.
  35. ↑ a b "His comrades-in-arms, the theology students Andreas Jentsch and Wolfgang Wohllebe were sentenced to one year and six months and two years and six months in prison, respectively." Wiemers, 2015, p. 493; see. Note 12: "Official Journal of the Evangelical Lutheran Regional Church of Saxony, born in 1992, No. 11 / B 21, Dresden June 15, 1992, and No. 12 / B 23, Dresden June 30, 1992."
  36. ↑ "In May 1958 it was stated in a report by the SED district management [Leipzig] about the ESG [Leipzig] that the relationship between Mendt and his community members was very good. […] Mendt rejects the path taken by Schmutzler and shows a more loyal attitude towards the state . ”Cornelia Schnapka-Bartmuß: The Protestant student communities. P. 236 (as well as notes 1046 and 1047), quoted here from: SächsStAL ( Sächsisches Staatsarchiv Leipzig ), SED district management Leipzig, IV / 2/14/624, Bl. 238–240 and IV / 2/14/637, Page 7.
  37. ↑ Cf. Cornelia Schnapka-Bartmuß: The Protestant Student Communities . Pp. 234-237. As early as November 1958, after a series of public lectures, the university party leadership reported “that the ESG is not withdrawing and is only concentrating on its community members. She still carries the Christian idea publicly into society, but no longer as aggressively as it was at the time when Schmutzler was pastor in Leipzig. "(P. 237 and note 1051: cf. SächsStAL, SED district leadership Leipzig, IV / 4/14/089). And the same quotes Mendt in 1962 as follows: “After the wall was built, everyone, including Christians, had to work together. Cooperation is a specific form of martyrdom. One shouldn't back down. [-] The state authorities did not see this as a fundamental change, but as a tactical maneuver [Mendts] in order to soften and subvert the socialist system from below in a moral and ideological way. ”(P. 237 and note 1052: cf. SächsStAL, SED- District management Leipzig, IV / A-4/14/066).
  38. ^ Eduard Kopp: Siegfried Schmutzler. In: chrismon . No. 8, 2009, p. 39; Dagmar Paffenholz: Art. Condemned, rehabilitated and awarded. Pastor Siegfried Schmutzler received the Federal Cross of Merit. In: The Church . No. 48, December 1, 1996, p. 5.
  39. ↑ Armin Görtz: (Interview): Shepherd Schmutzler went to the GDR penitentiary for his flock. Cross of Merit for former student pastor. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung. No. 253, October 29, 1996; quoted n. Wiemers, 2015, p. 493.
  40. ↑ ESG Leipzig memorial plaque ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). Here, too, there is no reference to the students persecuted in the vicinity of the trial against Schmutzler (see above).
  41. ↑ “The motto of this book points to my experience that all history, including a piece of life history like this, is by no means determined by law, but rather offers possibilities at every moment that are either perceived or not, either one way or another. However, I did not choose it for reasons of abstract, historical and philosophical reasons, but found it in a remarkable interview statement by the former Deputy Chief of the Stasi in the GDR, Markus Wolf . When asked about the practices of the Stasi, he replied: “That was the bad thing about the security doctrine that some of the things that were described under the generic term ' ideological diversion ' were then also implemented under criminal law, that is, it was actually possible to follow Laws to criminalize , prosecute and condemn those who think differently . "This, in Hegelian terms," ​​bad opportunity "was given, as I felt firsthand . But resistance against them and against the system of National Socialism was also possible . ”P. 5 (italics in the original).
  42. ↑ Cf. 1 Joh 1,2  LUT .
  43. ↑ Yearbook 2001/2 table of contents. In: uni-leipzig.de, accessed on October 31, 2016.
  44. ↑ Quotation from Wiemers, 2015, p. 492, note 9.
personal data
SURNAME Schmutzler, Georg-Siegfried
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schmutzler, Ernst Georg Siegfried (full name); Schmutzler, Georg Siegfried; Schmutzler, Siegfried
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pastor and GDR resistance fighter
DATE OF BIRTH March 14, 1915
PLACE OF BIRTH Leipzig
DATE OF DEATH October 11, 2003
Place of death Berlin