Gundelshalm

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Gundelshalm
community Pfofeld
Coordinates: 49 ° 6 ′ 39 ″  N , 10 ° 49 ′ 16 ″  E
Height : 434 m
Residents : 73  (2011)
Postal code : 91738
Area code : 09834
Gundelshalm (Bavaria)
Gundelshalm

Location of Gundelshalm in Bavaria
Aerial view of Gundelshalm (2020). In the background small and large Brombachsee
Aerial view of Gundelshalm (2020). In the background small and large Brombachsee

Gundelshalm is the smallest district of the Pfofeld community in the Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district in Central Franconia . The village has around 70 inhabitants and is about 430 meters above  sea ​​level .

First mentioned in a document on January 10, 1321 as "Gundoltshalden", the place was for a long time under the influence of the Ansbach margraves and the Eichstätt monastery . Gundelshalm has been part of Pfofeld since the beginning of the 19th century. Located in the Franconian Lake District, the place is accessible to tourists by hiking trails.

geography

Entrance
Place-name sign

Location and geology

Gundelshalm is surrounded by meadows and fields in West Central Franconia , around one kilometer as the crow flies northwest of Pfofeld in the Gunzenhausen administrative community . Neighboring towns are (clockwise, starting with the north) Rehenbühl , Pfofeld, Dornhausen , Unterasbach , Obenbrunn and Frickenfelden . To the north is the Jungholz forest floor, which belongs to the Graefensteinberg Forest . The Kleine Brombachsee is located in a north-easterly direction. Around 340 meters to the west is the municipality border with the city of Gunzenhausen . Gundelshalm is surrounded by the corridors Kruckenfeld, Weidig and Sandfeld. To the south lies a chain of ponds and the Hag forest area.

According to the handbook of the natural division of Germany , Gundelshalm belongs to the main natural unit group of the Franconian Keuper-Lias-Land . Furthermore, the place is in the southern Middle Franconian plates of the Middle Franconian basin and in the natural area of ​​the southern foreland of the Spalter hill country . Gundelshalm is surrounded by a few smaller hills. The neighboring village of Pfofeld is on a hill, a few meters above Gundelshalm.

The place is traversed by the Mösleinsgraben, which flows into the Weihergraben about 800 meters further south , and is thus in the drainage area of ​​the Danube . The European main watershed , which separates the drainage areas of the Rhine and Danube, passes not far north of the town. In the vicinity of Gundelshalm there are no protected areas in nature or landscape protection with the exception of a biotope east of the village. Geologically, Gundelshalm lies in the area of ​​the Sandsteinkeuper , the upper part of the middle Keuper containing sandstone .

climate

Due to its location in Central Europe , Gundelshalm has a humid, cool, temperate transitional climate that is neither very continental nor very maritime. The average annual temperature is 8.1 ° C, with 722 millimeters of precipitation falling per year. The driest month is February with 43 millimeters of precipitation, the wettest month is June with 88 millimeters. The coldest month is January with an average of −1.5 ° C, the warmest month is July with an average of 17.4 ° C. In the event of heavy, long-lasting precipitation, due to the location of the place near steep slopes, there is a risk that a lot of water will run off to Gundelshalm, which can lead to local flooding.


Climate table Gundelshalm
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 1.3 3.2 8.2 13.0 17.8 21.1 22.9 22.4 19.1 13.2 6.3 2.2 O 12.6
Min. Temperature (° C) −4.2 −3.7 −0.7 2.9 6.9 10.2 12.0 11.5 8.4 4.2 0.6 −2.6 O 3.8
Temperature (° C) −1.5 −0.3 3.7 7.9 12.3 15.6 17.4 16.9 13.7 8.7 3.4 −0.2 O 8.2
Precipitation ( mm ) 49 43 46 52 72 88 82 79 57 50 50 54 Σ 722
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
1.3
−4.2
3.2
−3.7
8.2
−0.7
13.0
2.9
17.8
6.9
21.1
10.2
22.9
12.0
22.4
11.5
19.1
8.4
13.2
4.2
6.3
0.6
2.2
−2.6
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		49
43
46
52
72
88
82
79
57
50
50
54
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: Klima: Gundelshalm , climate-data.org, accessed on June 15, 2015

history

A bronze statuette of Mercury found near Gundelshalm

There are traces of human settlement along the low mountain range in the region since the settlement of the Middle and Neolithic . The Romans built a guard post of the Limes at the site of today's Gundelshalm ; In the nearby Theilenhofen there was a Roman military camp, the Fort Theilenhofen .

The Sandsee Castle (today Markt Pleinfeld ) was the administrative seat of the maintenance and caste office of the Hochstift Eichstätt , to which Gundelshalm belonged until secularization.

The first documentary mention of the place was on January 10, 1321 as "Gundoltshalden". At that time, Friedrich von Maihingen, provost of Herrieden , acquired several hubs in the village as well as the Chnollenhof, which was later sold. After his death they reverted to the Hochstift Eichstätt , the previous owner. The Eichstättischen goods were administered by the Hochstiftisches Amt Gundelsheim . The place name is based on the personal name Gundolt , linked with the word Halde in the sense of slope / mountain slope. In the High Middle Ages , the local nobility of Pfofeld , who resided in today's Schlossbuck tower in the Hag , were wealthy in Gundelshalm. Gundelshalm was in Pflegamt Sandsee the Bishopric of Eichstätt that the Frankish Empire circle belonged. In 1418 Hans Henlen zu Pfofeld loaned an estate in "Gundolzhalm" from the Heidenheim monastery . For 1523 a Zinser can be traced in the place of the Reichspflege Weißenburg, 1536 a subject in "Gundelshalmb" as property of the German Ordensamt Ellingen . In 1589 the Margraves of Ansbach came to an estate in the village. In 1596 an estate was owned by the Treuchtlinger line of Marshal von Pappenheim .

The high jurisdiction between the Hochstift Eichstätt and the Principality of Ansbach was disputed; the Treaty of 1736 Ansbach confessed the Bishopric Einfangrecht and full Vogteilichkeit except setters to. In 1787 Gundelshalm had ten subjects , two of them Ansbach. In the final phase of the Holy Roman Empire , five landlords shared the place: the largest landlord was the Hochstift Eichstätt, to which six subjects belonged (five estates and one estate that were subordinate to the Eichstättischen maintenance office Sandsee). The other four landlords were the Brandenburg-Ansbach caste office Gunzenhausen (two estates, one of which was owned by the parish of Dornhausen ), the Oberamt Ellingen of the Teutonic Order (an estate) and the Weißenburg municipal administration (an estate, with the imperial city Weißenburg being the bailiwick over this owned). The shepherd's house belonged to the community . The high jurisdiction lay with the Brandenburg-Ansbach Oberamt Gunzenhausen, the village jurisdiction was held by the Sandsee nursing office.

After the secularization of the Eichstätt Monastery (1802), its possessions and thus Gundelshalm came to the Grand Duke of Tuscany , Ferdinand III, for a short time . , 1805/06 finally to the new Kingdom of Bavaria as a result of the Peace of Pressburg . In 1808 the place was assigned to the tax district Pfofeld, with the municipal edict 1811/1818 of the rural community Pfofeld in the district court and rent office Gunzenhausen. In 1846 there were 14 houses, twelve families and 55 souls, including a landlord and a weaver, in Gundelshalm. In 1871 the 82 inhabitants of Gundelshalm lived in 25 buildings; they owned a total of one horse and 68 head of cattle.

The parish hall built as part of the village renovation

In the official registers of Bavaria in the second half of the 20th century, Gundelshalm was listed as a "village", previously only as a " hamlet ". Even before the municipal reform in Bavaria in the 1970s, Gundelshalm belonged to the municipality of Pfofeld, in the former district of Gunzenhausen , which was later united with the district of Weißenburg in Bavaria and the independent city of Weißenburg in Bavaria to form today's district of Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen . A village renewal including land consolidation took place from 2004 .

Population development

The population of Gundelshalm was in the last centuries without major fluctuations between about 60 and 80 inhabitants. With 86 inhabitants, the population of the place reached its highest level in 1885.

  • 1818: 59 inhabitants
  • 1824: 65 inhabitants with ten properties
  • 1846: 55 inhabitants with 14 houses
  • 1864: 78 inhabitants with 22 buildings
  • 1871: 82 inhabitants with 25 buildings
  • 1885: 86 inhabitants with 16 residential buildings
  • 1900: 75 inhabitants with 16 residential buildings
  • 1925: 66 inhabitants with 15 residential buildings
  • 1950: 80 inhabitants with 14 residential buildings
  • 1961: 71 inhabitants with 14 residential buildings
  • 1970: 66 inhabitants
  • 1987: 66 inhabitants with 16 residential buildings
  • 2007: 73 inhabitants
  • 2011: 73 inhabitants

Culture and infrastructure

Gundelshalmer Hauptstrasse

Due to the small size there is no public facilities or shopping in town, only a few smaller agricultural operations are in place. The primary school responsible for Gundelshalm is in Rehenbühl .

South of Gundelshalm is the Pfofeld sewage treatment plant ; in the north, around 2.2 million kWh of electricity are generated from biomass in a 500 kW biogas plant and the resulting waste heat is used as local heating . The village community center was built in 2012 as part of a village renewal.

Ecclesiastically Gundelshalm belongs to the Protestant parish of St. Michael in Pfofeld in the Evangelical Lutheran deanery Gunzenhausen and the Catholic parish of St. Ottilia in Absberg in the deanery Weißenburg-Wemding in the diocese of Eichstaett .

Club life is strongly influenced by the nearby Pfofeld. Gundelshalm does not have its own volunteer fire brigade , the closest weir are in Pfofeld and Frickenfelden.

Buildings

Location and profiles of Wp 14/12
Location and floor plan of Wp 14/10

In ancient times, the Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes ran on the site of today's location . In the 19th century, some of its remains formed a driveway within the village, while houses were built directly above it in other places. The course through the fields of the building, known locally as the "Devil's Wall", was known at that time, but its remains were not visible due to the many "Koth [s]". The stones were removed and used for new buildings. In 1869 it was reported that in Gundelshalm in a shepherd's house that stood on the Limes, according to folk legend, "spit was occasionally observed". It is also said that the legend goes around in Gundelshalm that "on consecrated nights" wild armies pass over the Limes. To the east of Gundelshalm in the rising terrain, the Limes rubble wall becomes visible.

Not far east of the village is the guard post 14/12 on Gundelshalmer Buck . When it was excavated, a 6 × 4.5 meter foundation was found on the stone tower. On the west side of the building there was a paved passage in the Limes for small border traffic. A statuette of the god Mercury , who is responsible for trade among other things, discovered in the tower area - today in the Museum of Prehistory and Early History in Gunzenhausen - could be connected to the border crossing. From the sentry post, the crew had the best view of the Theilenhofen fort.

Under the western part of the village was the Roman sentry post 14/11. The stone tower is no longer visible. As the classical philologist Wilhelm Schleiermacher (1904–1977) reported in the 1960s, the tower at the western exit of the town was, according to the residents, a victim of stone robbery long ago. Guard post 14/10 is to the west of Gundelshalm. This stone tower built on the Limes wall had a base area of ​​4.8 × 3.2 meters when it was excavated. A step was revealed at its rear. There was a level access from which one could get into the basement. There is nothing to be seen there today.

The Gundelshalm 13 building, registered as an architectural monument

The Gundelshalm 13 farmhouse , a massive saddle roof building from the 19th century, is registered as a monument , as is the massive small house Gundelshalm 1 from the middle of the 19th century. Around 600 meters to the south there was a medieval castle stable , which can still be recognized as a ring wall .

traffic

Some country roads and dirt roads connect Gundelshalm with the neighboring towns. The Gundelshalmer Straße leads to Pfofeld, the Gundelshalmer Weg to Frickenfelden. The inner-city streets in Gundelshalm do not have street names , all houses are numbered from 1 to 20. One street each runs to the state road St 2222 in the direction of Gunzenhausen and Pleinfeld and to the district road WUG 1 , which leads to the federal road 13 . The Limesweg hiking trail leads through the village . A cycle path connects the town with the German Limes cycle path , which runs not far to the south, and the Der Seenländer hiking trail in the north. The nearest train station is in Langlau on the Gunzenhausen – Pleinfeld branch line , and the nearest airport is in Nuremberg . For the public transport is regional transport Nuremberg (VGN) is responsible; Buses in the school transport include Gundelshalm of the larger towns.

literature

  • Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Francs. Row I , Issue 8: Gunzenhausen-Weißenburg . Edited by Hanns Hubert Hofmann. Munich 1960
  • Robert Schuh: Historical book of place names of Bavaria. Volume 5: Gunzenhausen. Munich 1979

Web links

Commons : Gundelshalm  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Kulturverein Gemeinde Pfofeld und Umgebung e. V .: Pfofeld municipality scores with low fees in: ubs. Our. Citizen. Pages , Pfofeld 2011, pp. 4–5, here: p. 5
  2. ↑ Description of the place on pfofeld.de
  3. ↑ Interpolated from the contour map in the BayernAtlas (topographic maps, Bavarian surveying administration).
  4. ↑ a b Topographic Maps , Bavarian Surveying Office ( BayernAtlas )
  5. ^ Franz Tichy: Geographical Land Survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 163 Nuremberg. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1973. →  Online map (PDF; 4 MB)
  6. ↑ Topographic maps: Nature , Bavarian Surveying Office ( BayernAtlas )
  7. ↑ Topographic maps: Geology / Soil , Bavarian Surveying Office ( BayernAtlas )
  8. ↑ Climate: Gundelshalm , climate-data.org, accessed on June 15, 2015
  9. ↑ Kulturverein Gemeinde Pfofeld und Umgebung e. V .: Flood in the community in ubs. Our. Citizen. Pages , Pfofeld 2013, pp. 6–7, here: p. 7
  10. ^ Hanns Hubert Hofmann: Franconia series I, issue 8: Gunzenhausen-Weissenburg in: Historical Atlas of Bavaria . Munich 1960, p. 20 ( digitized version )
  11. ↑ Siglinde Buchner (Red.): Our community Pfofeld between Limes and Brombachsee , Pfofeld 2009, pp. 37, 39f.
  12. ↑ Ingrid Burger-Segl, Walter E. Keller: Archaeological Walks, Volume 3: Middle Altmühltal and Franconian Lake District , p. 62
  13. ^ A b Robert Schuh: Historical book of place names of Bavaria. Volume 5: Gunzenhausen. Munich 1979, p. 114
  14. ^ Hanns Hubert Hofmann: Franconia series I, issue 8: Gunzenhausen-Weissenburg in: Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Munich 1960, p. 48 ( digitized version )
  15. ^ Johann Bernhard Fischer: Statistical and topographical description of the Burggraftum Nürnberg, below the mountain; or of the Principality of Brandenburg-Anspach / 2: Containing the economic, statistical and moral condition of these lands according to the fifteen upper offices. Ansbach 1787, p. 216 ( digitized version )
  16. ^ Hanns Hubert Hofmann: Franconia series I, issue 8: Gunzenhausen-Weissenburg in: Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Munich 1960, p. 124 ( digitized version )
  17. ^ Hanns Hubert Hofmann: Franconia series I, issue 8: Gunzenhausen-Weissenburg in: Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Munich 1960, p. 200 ( digitized version )
  18. ↑ a b Eduard Vetter: Statistical handbook and address book of Middle Franconia in the Kingdom of Bavaria , 1846, page 132 ( digitized version )
  19. ↑ a b Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1201 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized version ).
  20. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 786 ( digitized version ).
  21. ^ A b Hanns Hubert Hofmann: Franconia series I issue 8: Gunzenhausen-Weissenburg in: Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Munich 1960, p. 238 ( digitized version )
  22. ^ Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 1036 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digitized version ).
  23. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 1132 ( digitized version ).
  24. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1200 ( digitized version ).
  25. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1238 ( digitized version ).
  26. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB  453660975 , Section II, Sp. 1072 ( digitized version ).
  27. ^ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB  740801384 , p. 182 ( digitized version ).
  28. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 352 ( digitized version ).
  29. ↑ Kulturverein Gemeinde Pfofeld und Umgebung e. V .: Community news in: ubs. Our. Citizen. Pages , Pfofeld 2011, p. 4
  30. ↑ Pfofeld at energymap.info, accessed on June 15, 2015
  31. ↑ a b Franz Anton Mayer: Exact description of the Roman landmark known under the name of the Devil's Wall / 3: From the road near Ellingen to Klein-Löllenfeld . Munich 1838, p. 286
  32. ↑ a b Negotiations of the Historical Association for Lower Bavaria Landshut 1869, p. 353 ( digitized version )
  33. ^ Britta Rabold, Egon Schallmayer , Andreas Thiel : Der Limes. The German Limes Road from the Rhine to the Danube . Theiss, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8062-1461-1 , p. 117
  34. ↑ Wp 14/11 at 49 ° 6 '39.5 "  N , 10 ° 49' 11.43"  O
  35. ^ Wilhelm Schleiermacher: The Roman Limes in Germany. An archaeological guide for road trips and hikes . Mann, Berlin 1967, p. 181
  36. ↑ Wp 14/10 at 49 ° 6 '42.25 "  N , 10 ° 48' 40.56"  O
  37. ↑ Farmhouse , Bavarian Monument List , Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation
  38. ↑ Otto Braasch: Middle Franconia: ensembles, architectural monuments, archaeological site monuments. Volume 5 of Monuments in Bavaria 1986, p. 524
  39. ↑ Burgstall , Bavarian Monument List , Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on July 4, 2015 .