School of Salem Castle

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School of Salem Castle
Salem Castle (north view of the abbey building)
type of school State-recognized boarding high school with Abitur ( G8 ) and International Baccalaureate
founding 1920
place Salem
country Baden-Württemberg
Country Germany
Coordinates 47 ° 46 '34 "  N , 9 ° 16' 44"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 46 '34 "  N , 9 ° 16' 44"  E
carrier private (Schule Schloss Salem e.V.)
student about 600
management Bernd Westermeyer
Website https://www.schule-schloss-salem.de/

The Schloss Salem school is a boarding school with its headquarters in the former Salem Imperial Abbey in the Salem municipality not far from Lake Constance . The boarding school, which now operates at three locations, was founded on April 14, 1920.

From the beginning the school was co-educational . The founders Kurt Hahn , Karl Reinhardt and Max von Baden were close to reform education and, despite differing political convictions, jointly developed the educational structures and principles for Salem that are still binding today.

Locations

The Schloss Salem school today consists of spatially separated schools. Grades 5–10 are at the founding location of Salem Castle , the upper grades at the two Überlingen Castle Spetzgart locations (grade 11) and the Härlen campus, which was inaugurated in 2000 (grade 12 and Salem College ). The Hohenfels Castle location was closed at the end of the 2016/2017 school year. For the 2017/2018 school year, grades 5 to 7 moved into the rent office at Schloss Salem. The Hohenfels Castle site was acquired by the EOS-Erlebnispädagogik association in 2019 in order to set up a conference center there.

The number of students was already over 700, meanwhile the school has about 300 male and female students, about 10% of them are external students who do not live in the boarding school. Around 40 percent of the students have an international family background, and a good 20 percent of the students currently receive a performance scholarship.

history

1919 to 1933

Salem Castle (south view) in the municipality of Salem

Established as a foundation

On April 20, 1920, after preparatory work in the summer of 1919, the bustling politician and educator Kurt Hahn and his friend, who generously compensated Max Prince von Baden , last Chancellor of the fallen Wilhelmine Empire, and Privy Councilor Karl Reinhardt, opened the Landschule Schloss Salem after his resignation from the throne in Baden . First of all, according to the will of its founders, the project should not have a modern educational reform but rather a national conservative political educational mandate. The concept from September 1919 envisaged two classes and alumni for a few students in the north wing of Salem Castle. The deed of foundation was notarized on December 16, 1919 and approved a week later by the new Baden State Ministry. The impetus for this quick establishment after the war were also tax reasons as well as the fear of the Baden Prince Max of the so-called imperial victim , which was mentioned in the deed of foundation. The grand ducal house of Baden donated 800,000 marks for the project.

Based on personal experiences during the time of the German Empire and the First World War, Salem received from its founders the political mandate to educate people about responsibility. The aim was - far from "the cities that are ailing people's life" (according to the princely school founder in Hahn's opening speech) - the formation of a new intellectual elite in Germany after the lost war. Kurt Hahn put it: “If we want to conquer the soul of our people, we must, like Wilhelm the Conqueror, erect our fortresses. We need walled cultural centers. "If Germany were to" get back on the path to becoming a world power, everything would depend on the fact that - when another great hour comes - it finds a gender more dignified than in 1914. "

Hyperinflation

In 1924 the first five high school graduates were still examinated externally , of the 75 students at the time, around 40 lived in the boarding school. The hyperinflation in 1922/1923 meant a severe financial crisis for the Landschulheim, which led to a realignment of the student body to be accepted. Since a demand for inflation adjustment to the Baden state was rejected by the then Prime Minister Heinrich Köhler (center), Hahn, together with his most important employees Lina Richter and Marina Ewald, founded the Association of Friends of Salem , which was able to successfully collect donations. Larger amounts were provided by the Hahn, Delbrück and Mosse families. The new commercial school director and later resistance fighter Elisabeth von Thadden was described by co-founder Max von Baden as a “good grip” because of her successful work. In the future, the school would take in as many full-paying children as possible, which resulted in a "certain overcrowding or, better still, a strong move closer together", as Prince Max put it. Nevertheless, the school demanded 200 marks per month as well as additional minor extras, which was a proud amount even for wealthy parents like those of the Mann family . In 1926, Berthold Margrave von Baden , son of the co-founder, also passed his Abitur in Salem.

Extensions

In the twenties and thirties, additional schools were founded in the vicinity of Salem Castle. The various locations structurally shape the Salem education to this day, as they offer the possibility of age-differentiated education.

Spetzgart Castle in Überlingen

1933 to 1945

During the time of National Socialism , Salem went through a difficult phase under the direction of Heinrich Blendinger, in which, among other things, Jewish students and employees were separated. Kurt Hahn, who was Jewish, had already been arrested in March 1933, but was able to emigrate to Great Britain in July of that year following the intervention of influential circles. There he played a key role in founding the Gordonstoun boarding school in Scotland, which was also attended by Philip, who later became the Duke of Edinburgh, who had previously attended school in Salem.

In August 1941 the Schloss Salem school was placed under the supervision of the inspection of German home schools , and in January the SS finally took over the management and supervision of the school in the form of Obersturmbannführer Walter Schmitt . In July 1945 Salem were dissolved as a National Political Education Institute (NAPOLA).

1945 to 1970

In November 1945, Salem reopened under the direction of Marina Ewald, who had worked in Salem since the school was founded, and with the support of Berthold von Baden . The other sub-schools followed in the next few years. In 1950 the "Altsalemer Vereinigung" (ASV) was founded.

In the next few years, the school managed to consolidate under the alternating leadership of Georg Wilhelm von Hannover , Axel von dem Bussche , Horst Freiherr von Gersdorff and Hartwig von Bernstorff into the 1960s.

After the Second World War, Kurt Hahn helped found the following schools based on his pedagogical principles:

  • 1949: Anavryta, Greece
  • 1949: Louisenlund Foundation , Germany
  • 1955: Battisborough, England
  • 1959: Rannoch, Scotland
  • 1959: Box Hill, England
  • 1965: Athenian School, USA

Another important school founded by Kurt Hahn is the Atlantic College in Wales, which opened in August 1962 with 54 students. Atlantic College is the founding school of the United World College movement, which aims to educate tolerance and social responsibility through multinational education and social engagement.

On Kurt Hahn's 80th birthday in June 1966, Jocelin Winthrop-Young founded the so-called Round Square Conference in Salem , named after a circular historical building with an inner courtyard in Gordonstoun. This international association of boarding schools around the world laid the foundation for Salem's internationality, which is expressed today in the form of the International Baccalaureate, an international student body and a wide-ranging system of student exchanges.

Härlen and Spetzgart locations in Überlingen

1970 to 2005

Despite Salem's difficult economic situation in the early 1970s, the upper school in Spetzgart was given shape under the direction of Ilse Lichtenstein-Rother and from 1974 under the direction of Bernhard Bueb . In addition, there was a further development of the other Salem schools. Kurt Hahn accompanied this development until his death in 1974.

In the mid-1980s, Salem found itself in a threatening position due to a falling out with the margrave as the owner of the Salem Castle; the termination of the rights of use of the castle had already been announced. In 1996 an agreement was reached between Haus Baden and the school with a long-term rental and lease agreement. Nonetheless, with the support of the board of the sponsoring association, the director of the Schloss Salem school realized the expansion of the upper level through the construction of the Salem International College near Überlingen, also through donations from the old school students in the late 1990s . With a construction volume of around DM 70 million, this foundation represented the largest private school building project in Germany to date. The realization was carried out by Arno Lederer , Jórunn Ragnarsdóttir and Marc Oei, Stuttgart.

In 2005, Bernhard Bueb resigned as general director of the Schule Schloss Salem and Dieter Plate as boarding director of the Salem International College after more than 30 years of service.

Since 2005

After Bernhard Bueb, Ingrid Sund, former head of the German School in Paris, took over the overall management, Pelham Lindfield-Roberts took over the boarding school management of the upper level. The double reshuffle soon led to tension, and after only nine months the boarding school board announced in May 2006 the separation from Lindfield-Roberts. In the summer of the same year, Sund resigned from her position and switched to the Urspring School . The board of the boarding club was then reconstituted.

After a reorientation phase without overall management, Eva Marie Haberfellner took on this position from January 1, 2007. Her term of office was initially planned as an interim, but this was extended to August 31, 2011 due to difficulties in finding a suitable manager.

On September 1, 2010 Monika Zeyer-Müller was to take over the school management. The headmistress of the Alexander-von-Humboldt-Gymnasium in Schweinfurt was criticized at her own school. Zeyer-Müller, daughter of the former Saarland Prime Minister Werner Zeyer , stressed that she would be politically neutral at Salem Castle and let her CSU membership rest. This personnel decision also triggered criticism and was withdrawn after a few weeks in order to avoid damage to the company's image. Because of this change, the school's board of directors and supervisory board declared their resignation.

In the course of the media interest in the abuse scandal at boarding schools, the former headmaster of the Bueb school surprisingly reported cases of abuse in Salem in March 2010. The school management then followed up on every single suspected case in the past. It turned out that the few cases had happened a long time ago and that the school reacted consistently when it became known and had immediately separated from the employees concerned. Against this background, the chairman of the supervisory board of the school, Robert Leicht , said at the end of the work of an ombudsman: “There was no systemic abuse - and systemic means for me: the school management knows, but does nothing ... And as far as the future is concerned : It's not just about preventing violations of criminal law. Even the lack of distance of adults in dealing with students is a reason to intervene. Pedagogical ethos must not be confused with supposedly pedagogical eros. "

Since August 1, 2012, Bernd Westermeyer has been the overall director of Schule Schloss Salem gGmbH and chairman of the management board. He came from the Pforta State School , which he headed for five years as rector Portensis .

For the 2017 school year, the lower and middle grades were merged at the founding location Schloss Salem and Hohenfels Castle was sold as a lower school location after more than eighty years of use. This step was associated with investments of over 22 million euros at the Salem Castle site (renovation of the outdoor sports field and the “Rentamt” as a solitary building for grades 5 and 6, second sports hall, expansion of the natural sciences, new dining rooms for grades 5–8 , international expansion of the central axis of the castle with a "Study Hall" as a self-study center for grade 10 as well as new accommodation for the girls of grade 10, new construction of guild workshops and classrooms for grades 7 and 8 as well as a multifunctional auditorium with 350 seats and a permanent stage).

100th anniversary

The ceremony for the 100th birthday of the school planned for April 3, 2020 had to be postponed to May 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic . An illustrated commemorative publication will appear in bookshops in spring 2020.

Well-known students of Salem (former)

concept

The Salems claim has been "Forming personalities" since 2008. The wording is deliberately chosen to be ambiguous and means that on the one hand teacher personalities shape everyday school and boarding school life in Salem, on the other hand the students should develop their talents and talents to the best of their ability beyond a well-founded academic education. It is primarily about character building within the framework of holistic education at school.

Experience-based unity of education and teaching, of life and learning, whether from a social, academic or musical-creative perspective, is the guiding principle of Salem's pedagogy. This concept was already summarized in 1930 by Kurt Hahn for the schools he founded in his so-called Seven Salem Laws . The Salem services , handicrafts, sport, music, theater, adventure education , a large number of working groups and, last but not least, the boarding school experience , together with school lessons, represent Salem's holistic upbringing and educational requirements.

During the seventies and eighties, the school under its director Bernhard Bueb had to struggle with performance and discipline problems within the student body. Coupled with the origins of many students from well-off parents' homes, Salem gained the reputation of a custodian for poorly poor children.

Under this impression, Bueb turned to clearly more conservative ideas and implemented a more consistent and more performance and authority-oriented pedagogy, which he set out in his book, Praise of Discipline , published in 2006 after his time as director . Children and young people should receive attention and encouragement from the teachers, but also clear demands and consistency in order to develop their talents holistically and to learn responsibility. Bueb laments the discrediting of any authority through the experience of National Socialism . Fear plays a positive role in upbringing because fear of punishment promotes respect for rules and boundaries. These positions received harsh public criticism. Specifically, Salem carried out much stricter controls in the 1990s, e.g. B. with alcohol and illegal drugs , and penalties up to the expulsion from school.

The quality of the school education plays an increasingly important role compared to the founding years of the school. The introduction of the IB system, the international student and teacher acquisition and the scholarship policy, which has been specifically developed since the 1980s, serve the goal of raising the school standard and enriching school and boarding life with a motivated and diversified student body. The school provides 2.1 million euros annually for this promotion of young talent. Students and employees from more than 40 nations live and work in Salem.

Current educational developments

Despite the ongoing debate about the reintroduction of the G9 , the boarding school is still at the eight-year high school. The school management is convinced that it will be able to provide extensive personal development in eight years.

The Salem College has been bridging the gap between school and studies since 2013 .

Since 2014, students on Lake Constance have also been able to take music exams according to the international standards of the ABRSM .

degrees

Salem is a state-recognized grammar school where both the German Abitur (general university entrance qualification according to Baden-Württemberg law) and the International Baccalaureate (IB) can be taken in English . An English-language school branch specially developed in Salem leads to the IB from grade 8.

In 2013, the interdisciplinary Salem College was founded to enable high-performing graduates from high schools to make an informed choice of career and course of study. The founding rector is the former general secretary of the German National Academic Foundation , Gerhard Teufel.

Since the 2018/2019 school year, Salem has also been offering the “10 Plus” program, a three-year high school development branch that is intended to enable former secondary school students and other “lateral entrants” to get their Abitur.

costs

In the 1978/1979 school year, a student cost between DM 16,500 and DM 21,300, depending on the payment group .

In 2008 it became known that the youth welfare offices also act as cost bearers in Salem.

Today the school fees for boarding school students are based on the grade and for internal students in the 2018/2019 school year are approx. 41,000 to 44,000 euros (excluding additional costs) per year.

Organization and committees at the Schloss Salem School

Boarding club

The school is privately owned by the non-profit association Schule Schloss Salem e. V. This consists mainly of old school students. The association can elect new members, but according to the statutes of May 2, 2009, the right to propose lies with a three-person nomination committee, which also makes suggestions for the election to the board of the association and the board of trustees of the school.

The board of directors of the boarding club consists of five members who are elected for three years at the general assembly. The members of the board are liable according to the rules of association law . From 2010 to 2019 Robert Leicht was chairman of the board of the sponsoring association. During his term of office, the opening of the Salem College in Überlingen, the closure of the Hohenfels Castle site and millions of investments in renovations at the Salem Castle site fell. Leicht was a student at the boarding school from 1954 to 1963.

On March 16, 2019 Maximilian Dietzsch-Doertenbach was elected chairman of the board of the sponsoring association. Between 1963 and 1970 he was a student at the Schloss Salem School. His wife, Nicole Dietzsch-Doertenbach, who is also on the board, is the daughter of Axel von dem Bussche , who was head of the school from 1959 to 1962.

Schule Schloss Salem non-profit operating company mbH

In 2009 the boarding association transferred the operational work of the school to a non-profit limited company, the “Schule Schloss Salem gGmbH”, in which it holds 100 percent of the shares. The board of directors of the boarding club is also the supervisory board of this gGmbH. The appointment or dismissal of your three managing directors, including the general director of the school, is the task of the supervisory board. The management of Schule Schloss Salem gGmbH consists of the commercial director Christian Niederhofer and the director of studies Brigitte Mergenthaler-Walter. Bernd Westermeyer has held the position of overall management since August 1, 2012.

The association has a board of trustees which, in addition to Bernhard Prinz von Baden as chairman, also includes Beate Heraeus , Nicola Leibinger-Kammüller , August Oetker , Günther Oettinger and Bettina Würth .

Other extracurricular bodies

The Friends of Salem Association (association of sponsors of the Schule Schloss Salem e.V. - Förderverein) finances and implements projects that support Salem's educational concept. Parents, colleagues and friends of Schule Schloss Salem belong to the sponsoring association.

The charitable Kurt Hahn Foundation provides financial means to enable talented children and young people to visit Salem through scholarships.

The Altsalemer Vereinigung (ASV) is the union of former Salem students of all ages.

additional

The Schule Schloss Salem is one of the founding members of Round Square and is a member of the Round Square Conference , an international association of more than 200 schools from all continents that are committed to Kurt Hahn's pedagogy. These schools work according to the IDEALS of Round Square (International Understanding, Democracy, Environmental Stewardship, Adventure, Leadership, Service), jointly implement student aid projects all over the world and maintain a lively global student exchange.

The boarding schools Birklehof (1932) and Louisenlund (1949) were founded in Salem .

The school is a member of the school association 'View over the fence' .

Salem Castle School has a partnership with Tsinhua High School in Beijing.

In December 2016 the Schule Schloss Salem was invited to join the network of G20 Schools, which seeks to enable the heads of model schools from all over the world to exchange ideas (since 2018 "G30 Schools").

literature

  • Werner Köppen: The Salem Castle School in its historical development and current form , Henn, Ratingen 1967.
  • Anja Pielorz: Values ​​and ways of the experiential education school at Salem Castle. Luchterhand, Neuwied 1991.
  • Ilse Miscoll (Ed.): Schule Schloss Salem: Chronicle - Images - Visions. History and stories of a boarding school. With contributions by Bernhard Bueb, Heike Bueb, Christian H. Freitag, Martin Kölling et al. Klett, Korb 1995, ISBN 3-00-000418-1 .
  • Otto Seydel : Challenge to learn. The educational reform model Salem. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-608-91235-5 .
  • Hermann Röhrs (Hrsg.): Education as risk and probation: A representation of the life's work of Kurt Hahn. Quelle & Meyer, Heidelberg 1996.
  • Kurt Hahn: Reform with a sense of proportion. Selected writings by a politician and educator. Edited by Michael Knoll. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-608-91951-1 .
  • Michael Knoll: School reform through experiential education. Kurt Hahn - a powerful educator . In: Pedagogical Action. Wissenschaft und Praxis im Dialog 5 (2001), 2, pp. 65–76.
  • Martina Knörzer: School development in Salem. Evaluation of a sustainable educational process at the Schloss Salem school. (with 1 CD-ROM). Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2004, ISBN 3-7815-1340-8 .
  • Manfred Bosch : "All this character formation was not in vain". The Salem pedagogy as reflected in the memory literature of alumni. In: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings , 127th year 2009, pp. 181–191 ( digitized version ).
  • Bernhard Bueb: Praise to the discipline. A polemic. List, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-471-79542-1 .
  • Schule Schloss Salem (ed.): Schule Schloss Salem 1920–2020. Persistence and change. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2020, ISBN 978-3-17-038006-6 .

Remarks

  1. ↑ In his biography of the school patron Prince Max von Baden, the historian Lothar Machtan dedicates a biographical chapter under the heading of Doctor Kurt Hahn to the founder of the school . Hahn appears as a very close friend of the prince in numerous passages in the book.

Web links

Commons : Schule Schloss Salem  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://www.suedkurier.de/region/kreis-konstanz/hohenfels/Alles-wird-oeffnahm-zugaenglich-Verein-Eos-stell-Plaene-fuer-Schloss-Hohenfels-vor;art372444,10021745
  2. ↑ a b c d Lothar Machtan : Prince Max of Baden. The last chancellor of the emperor. Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-518-42407-0 .
  3. ^ Letter from Max von Baden to Marie Paulcke dated November 27, 1925; quoted from: Lothar Machtan: Prinz Max von Baden, p. 481, note 39.
  4. ^ Kurt Hahn in a letter to Max Warburg , August 6, 1921. The letter is kept in the Kurt Hahn archive in Salem. The quoted sentence is also printed in an article in the Neue Badische Landeszeitung on August 18, 1920 under the heading Conversation with Prince Max von Baden.
  5. ^ Kurt Hahn in a letter to Hans Delbrück , May 13, 1927, kept in the Delbrück estate, Berlin State Library.
  6. ^ Tilman Lahme: Golo Mann. Biography. Page 30. Quoted from: Lothar Machtan: Prinz Max von Baden , p. 485.
  7. ↑ Jenna Santini: Glance into the 1930s: Heinrich Blendinger protected the Schloss Salem School in the “most difficult phase” of its history. In: Südkurier.de. February 22, 2020, accessed May 10, 2020 .
  8. ^ Atlantic College website. Retrieved June 20, 2010 .
  9. ^ Daniel Drescher: New Salem manager: not yet arrived and already controversial , Schwäbische Zeitung . March 11, 2010.  Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  10. ^ Zeyer-Müller: "The time of student protests" , Schweinfurter Tagblatt . March 11, 2010.  Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  11. ^ Wolfgang Messner: CSU politician becomes headmistress , Stuttgarter Zeitung . March 11, 2010.  Retrieved March 19, 2010
  12. ↑ Further criticism of the new Salem manager , BILD. March 16, 2010.  Retrieved March 19, 2010
  13. ^ Stefan Hilser: Pressure on Monika Zeyer-Müller is growing , Suedkurier. March 17, 2010.  Retrieved March 19, 2010
  14. ↑ Wolfgang Messner: No confidence vote against the director , Stuttgarter Zeitung. March 18, 2010.  Retrieved March 19, 2010
  15. ↑ Stefan Hilser: Schule Schloss Salem plans “Center for Old Music” , Südkurier. March 22, 2010.  Retrieved March 22, 2010.
  16. ↑ br-online.de: Headmistress does not change to elite boarding school ( memento from March 26, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), March 26, 2010
  17. ↑ Rejection to the controversial Rector: Haberfellner stays , Schwäbische Zeitung. March 22, 2010.  Retrieved March 22, 2010.
  18. ^ Wolfgang Messner: Board of Directors resigns , Stuttgarter Zeitung. April 19, 2010. Retrieved January 6, 2015 
  19. ↑ Ex-headmaster reports cases of abuse at Salem Castle. on: Spiegel online . March 16, 2010.
  20. ↑ ASV-Mitteilungen November 2010, p. 10.
  21. ↑ https://www.schwaebische.de/landkreis/bodenseekreis/salem_artikel,-internat-salem-der-neue-kapit%C3%A4n-wird-freudig-an-bord-begr%C3%BC%C3%9Ft- _arid, 5317141.html
  22. ↑ Salem 2020. In: schule-schloss-salem.de. Retrieved May 10, 2020 .
  23. ↑ Birthday cake instead of a ceremony: Prince Bernhard congratulates Schule Schloss Salem on its 100th birthday. In: Südkurier.de. April 16, 2020, accessed May 10, 2020 .
  24. ↑ Marion Kynass, Simone Rapp: 90 years Schule Schloss Salem. SWR 2, April 30, 2010. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
  25. ↑ School awards scholarships. Deadline ends January 15th. In: Südkurier of December 30, 2009.
  26. ^ Salem Academy for high school graduates without orientation. In: Südkurier of February 14, 2012
  27. ↑ Hans Markus Thomsen: A reserve for children of the elite? In: Merian Bodensee 1, XXXII / C 4701 EX. Hoffmann and Campe Verlag, Hamburg 1979; Pp. 52-59.
  28. ↑ Hamburg: Problem children sent to the luxury boarding school Bild.de
  29. ↑ Information on school and boarding fees (accessed on February 19, 2018)
  30. ↑ Salem. Publicist at the head of the boarding school . In: Südkurier of June 21, 2010.
  31. ↑ After a quality offensive and an investment package of 20 million euros, Robert Leicht is relinquishing the chairmanship of the sponsoring association Schule Schloss Salem . In: Südkurier of March 28, 2019.
  32. ↑ Maximilian Dietzsch-Doertenbach is the new Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Salem School School . In: Südkurier of March 21, 2019.
  33. ↑ Sponsoring Association of the Schloss Salem School elects a new board. Retrieved July 14, 2019 .
  34. ^ Hanspeter Walter: Schule Schloss Salem. Ties to Beijing are getting closer. In: Südkurier of May 14, 2010