Qostanai
|
|||
Basic data | |||
---|---|---|---|
State : | Kazakhstan | ||
Territory : | Qostanai | ||
Founded : | 1879 | ||
Coordinates : | 53 ° 12 ' N , 63 ° 38' E | ||
Height : | 155 m | ||
Area : | 240 km² | ||
Residents : | 248,267 (Jan. 1, 2020) | ||
Population density : | 1,034 inhabitants per km² | ||
Time zone : | EKST ( UTC + 6 ) | ||
Telephone code : | (+7) 7142 | ||
Postal code : | 110000 | ||
License plate : | 10 (old: P, W) | ||
Äkim ( Mayor ) : | Qairat Akhmetov | ||
Website : | |||
Location in Kazakhstan | |||
|
Qostanai ( Kazakh Қостанай , Russian Костанай / Kostanai , until 1895 Николаевск / Nikolajevsk , until June 17, 1997 Кустанай / Kustanai ) is a city in Kazakhstan . It is located in the north of the country on the Tobol River not far from the border with Russia , around 300 kilometers south of Chelyabinsk . With 248,267 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) it is the administrative center and largest city in the Qostanai region .
Qostanai was founded in 1879 on the orders of the Governor General of Orenburg . Initially, mostly farmers from inner Russia settled in the city, which started the agricultural development of the surrounding area. In 1893 the town was granted town charter. Especially in the 1950s, in connection with the Soviet campaign to create new acreage for crops, the city began to develop. The majority of the population of Qostanai is still of Russian descent .
geography
Geographical location
The city is located in northern Kazakhstan on the Tobol River , not far from the border with Russia . Qostanai is also the administrative seat of the area of the same name .
climate
Qostanai has a humid continental climate , which corresponds to the effective climate classification Dfb . Summers are warm and humid, with average temperatures not exceeding 22 ° C. The winters in Qostanai are cold, snowy and characterized by temperatures below −10 degrees Celsius. The average temperature from December to February is below this mark. The annual rainfall is around 336 mm. In the months of November to April, an average of 91 cm of snow falls , with the snow cover being more than 20 cm thick from January to March. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Qostanai was measured on February 17, 1951 and was −47.8 ° C. The highest measured temperature was 41 ° C on June 16, 1988.
Qostanai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Climate diagram | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Qostanai
Source: pogodaiklimat.ru , www.weather-atlas.com
|
history
Qostanai was founded in 1879.
politics
mayor
The Mayors (Äkim) of Qostanai:
- 1988–1998 Vasily Kornew
- 1998–1999 Oleg Kulenko
- 1999-2000 Nurghali Aeschim
- 2000-2004 Viktor Lenivtsev
- 2004-2006 Nuraly Saduaqasov
- 2006–2008 Shengis Nurghaliev
- 2008–2009 Ghaujes Nurmuchambetow
- 2009–2012 Shomart Nurghaliev
- 2012–2014 Ghaujes Nurmuchambetow
- 2014–2015 Akhmedbek Akhmetschanov
- 2015-2019 Basyl Schaqypow
- since 2019 Qairat Akhmetov
population
With 221,970 (2014) inhabitants, Qostanai is the largest city in the area and the eleventh largest in Kazakhstan. In addition to the population of Kazakh origin, there are also Russian and German population groups in the city and the surrounding area . In the city of Qostanai, the Russians make up the majority of the population.
Ethnic composition
Ethnic groups in Qostanai 2018 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Ethnic group | percent | |||
Russians | 43.5% | |||
Kazakhs | 39.3% | |||
Ukrainians | 7.1% | |||
German | 2.3% | |||
Tatars | 1.9% | |||
In the 1939 Soviet census, the Russian population was by far the largest population group. Of the approximately 34,000 inhabitants of the city, around two thirds of the population were Russians. The second largest group was made up of Ukrainians with a share of 15 percent. In third place came Kazakhs, who made up a good eight percent of the city's population. Other notable groups were Tatars (1717), Koreans (762) and Germans (275).
The last Kazakh census in 2009 revealed the following ethnic composition of the city: Russians still make up the majority of the population in the city, their share was 48.3 percent. In second place were Kazakhs, who made up 33.6 percent of the population. The proportion of Ukrainians in the total population was around eight percent.
Religions
Religions in Qostanai 2009 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
religion | percent | |||
Muslims | 35.7% | |||
Christians | 58.6% | |||
Other | 5.7% | |||
Dominant religions in Qostanai are Russian Orthodox Christianity and Sunni Islam . The majority of the Russian population is Christian and the majority of the Kazakh population is Muslim. The proportion of Christians is 58.6%, which is higher than in the other provinces of Kazakhstan. Since 2010, Qostanai has been the seat of the Qostanai and Rudny Eparchy . Since 2009 there is also a synagogue in Qostanai .
Culture and sights
Buildings
- House of the merchant Lorez
- French cultural center
- Russian Orthodox Church from 1893
- Altynsarin Museum
Monuments
- There are monuments to the keyboard , Charlie Chaplin , Akhmet Baytursynuli , “The Lisakovskaya Carriage”, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin , Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin , Amangeldy Imanow, and for the heroes of the Soviet Union Ivan Pavlov , Leonid Beda and Pawel Taran .
Memorials
- There are memorials for the victims of the Great Patriotic War , the nuclear disasters, the repression during the Stalinist rule and for the victims of local conflicts.
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
There are regular flight connections to Germany from Qostanai . There are several flights a week to Düsseldorf , Hanover and Munich in particular , formerly through Hamburg International , now through Air Astana .
In domestic air traffic there are connections to Almaty , Nur-Sultan (until 2019 Astana) , Aqtau and Schymkent .
There are other international connections to Moscow , Yekaterinburg , Minsk and Kiev , among others . There are regular flights to Antalya during the summer season .
Qostanai has a train station from which trains run to several Kazakh and Russian cities.
Until 2005, Qostanai had its own trolleybus system .
Sports
The football club Tobol Qostanai plays in the highest Kazakh football league . The club plays its home games in the central stadium in Qostanai.
The basketball club BK Tobol Qostanai plays in the Kazakh National League. The venue is the Qostanai Sports Palace.
sons and daughters of the town
- Oral Muchamedschanow (1948–2013), politician
- Lyubov Nikitenko (* 1948), Soviet hurdler
- Alexander Miroschnitschenko (1964–2003), Soviet and Kazakh heavyweight boxer
- Olga Selezneva (* 1975), cross-country skier and biathlete
- Irina and Marina Fabrizius (* 1981), German painters
- Issa Aqberbajew (* 1983), professional boxer
- Dieter Domke (* 1987), German badminton player
- Petr Kostenko (* 1976), chess player and trainer
- Dmitrij Kreis (* 1988), basketball player
- Denis Kusin (* 1988), speed skater
- Anton Ponomarjow (* 1988), basketball player
- Daniil Schischkarev (* 1988), Russian handball player
- Elena Schmidt (* 1988), Miss Germany 2013
- Yermek Quantajew (* 1990), football player
- Vitaly Dunaizew (* 1992), Russian boxer
- Denis Nikisha (* 1995), short tracker
See also
Web links
- Official city site (Kazakh and Russian)
- map
Individual evidence
- ↑ Численность населения Республики Казахстан по полу в разрезе областей и столицы, столицы, столицы, анколицы, столицы, городоав, областей и столицы, анкония, горойцы, коники, городоав,. ( Excel ; 96 KB) stat.gov.kz, accessed on July 19, 2020 (Russian).
- ↑ pogodaiklimat.ru: Климат Шымкента , accessed on August 16, 2018 (Russian).
- ↑ Ethnic composition: 2018 estimation , accessed on August 13, 2018 (English).
- ↑ demoscope.ru: Всесоюзная перепись населения 1939 года. Национальный состав населения районов, городов и крупных сел союзных республик СССР. , accessed September 6, 2018 (Russian).
- ↑ pop-stat.mashke.org: Ethnic composition: 2009 census , accessed August 12, 2018 (Russian).
- ↑ Religious composition: 2009 census (in Russian) , accessed September 5, 2018 (Russian).