Leopold V. (Austria-Tyrol)

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Archduke Leopold V of Austria-Tyrol in sumptuous clothes, circa 1630
Archduke Leopold in ecclesiastical garb, 1604
Silberthaler Leopold V. 1632
Coat of arms of Leopold V in the Jesuit Church in Molsheim
Claudia de 'Medici, as St. Christina of Bolsena
Grave of Leopold V.

Archduke Leopold V (born October 9, 1586 in Graz ; † September 13, 1632 in Schwaz , Tyrol ) from the House of Habsburg was the son of Archduke Karl II , brother of Emperor Ferdinand II , father of Ferdinand Karl of Tyrol , Bishop of Passau and Strasbourg (until 1625 ), regent of Tyrol and Upper Austria . From 1614 to 1625 he was abbot of Murbach Abbey .

Life

After his training in Graz, he became coadjutor as a child in 1597 and finally in 1598, succeeding Urban von Trennbach, Bishop of Passau, although he had no higher ordinations. Because of this, the diocese was not taken over until seven years later. In 1600 he was also coadjutor and in 1607 Bishop of Strasbourg. Leopold resided at the court of Emperor Rudolf II , whose affection he won more and more. This even went so far that the emperor is said to have seriously contemplated helping Leopold to get the Bohemian and then the German royal crown. In 1609, Archduke Leopold took the Jülich Fortress together with the brothers Hartger Henot and Seraphin Henot and thus intervened in the Jülich-Klevian succession dispute on behalf of the emperor . He gathered troops in the Hochstifte Passau and Strasbourg . The Strasbourg troops became involved in skirmishes with the troops of the Protestant Union and were forced to lay down their arms. In Passau he gathered the Passau war people who, under the command of Laurentius Ramées , moved via Upper Austria to Bohemia in the winter of 1610 and occupied the cities of Budweis and Krummau . Finally, the army attacked Prague in mid-February 1611 and occupied the Lesser Town and the Hradschin . The occupation of the whole city failed due to the resistance of the Bohemian estates, the opposition and others were led. a. by Heinrich Matthias von Thurn . The attack ultimately contributed to the disempowerment of Emperor Rudolf II . Archduke Leopold, who probably wanted to claim the Bohemian crown, had to withdraw from Prague without success. The army of King Matthias , the brother of Emperor Rudolf II, entered Prague and Matthias was successively elected King of Bohemia on May 24th.

In 1611 Archduke Leopold summoned the Jesuits to Passau, who founded a Jesuit college here . This act is considered to be “reparation” for the campaign to Bohemia. In 1612 he founded a grammar school in Passau, to which a university was affiliated in 1622 . In 1614 he financed the construction of the church of the Jesuit College in Molsheim.

When his cousin, Archduke Maximilian, died in 1618, he became governor of Tyrol and Upper Austria in 1619 , where he achieved the position of sovereign from 1623–1630. In 1619, his brother, now Emperor Ferdinand II, appointed him to Vienna as governor. He had the Dogana and the Jesuit Church built in Innsbruck . 1618–1632 he fought in the Bündner turmoil together with Spain for control of the Bündner passports, the establishment of a Habsburg rule in the Lower Engadine and in the Prättigau as well as the recatholization of Graubünden. In 1632 he defended Tyrol against the Swedes .

In 1626, Prince-Bishop Leopold went to Rome, where he renounced both the Passau and Strasbourg dioceses in favor of his nephew Leopold Wilhelm and henceforth only devoted himself to his task as Tyrolean sovereign. After this renunciation, he married the widowed Claudia de 'Medici on April 19, 1626 , with whom he founded a branch of the Habsburgs that existed until 1665. The supplement that he held shortly afterwards in Innsbruck was one of the most splendid celebrations of its time.

Leopold V was buried in the Innsbruck Jesuit Church.

progeny

Archduchess Isabella Clara, later Duchess of Mantua
∞ Claudia de 'Medici

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Alison Deborah Anderson: On the verge of war. International relations and the Jülich-Kleve succession crises (1609-1614) . Boston 1999, ISBN 978-0-391-04092-2 , pp. 74-109 .
  2. ↑ James R. Palmitessa: The Prague Uprising of 1611: Property, Politics, and Catholic Renewal in the Early Years of Habsburg Rule . In: Central European History . tape 31 , no. 4 , 1998, pp. 299-328 .
  3. ^ Carolin Pecho: Prince-Bishop - Putschist - sovereign . LIT Verlag, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-643-13682-4 , pp. 241 ff .
  4. ^ Wurzbach: Anna of Florence .  No. 30. In: Biographical Lexicon. 6th part. Vienna 1860, p. 153 ( digitized version ).
  5. ↑ Wurzbach: Elisabeth also Isabella Clara of Austria .  No. 77. In: Biographical Lexicon. 6th part. Vienna 1860, p. 178 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Archduke Leopold V.  - Collection of images
predecessor Office successor
Maximilian Governor / Prince (Count) of Tyrol
1619–1626 / 1626–1632 		Ferdinand Karl
( Claudia de 'Medici regent)
personal data
SURNAME Leopold V.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Archduke of Tyrol, Bishop of Passau and Strasbourg (until 1625)
DATE OF BIRTH October 9, 1586
PLACE OF BIRTH Graz
DATE OF DEATH September 13, 1632
Place of death Schwaz , Tyrol