House lip

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Family coat of arms of the House of Lippe

The Lippe family is a noble family of European importance whose beginnings go back to the 12th century. The since 1413 demonstrably reichsständische territory lip that from 1512 to the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle mattered was in 1528 for the county of Lippe increased and 1789 Imperial Principality levied. As the ruling monarchs of the Principality of Lippe, the princes of the Lippe were among the federal princes in the German Empire until 1918 .

history

Large coat of arms of the princely house of Lippe, with the Lippe rose in the heart shield

The brothers Bernhard and Hermann zur Lippia are mentioned for the first time in 1123 . Their headquarters were in the area of ​​today's Lippstadt . Hermann's son, Bernhard II , ruled the rule of Lippe from 1167 to 1194. He was followed by his son Hermann II.

In 1529 the rule of Lippe was raised to the immediate imperial county of the Holy Roman Empire (as a member of the Lower Rhine-Westphalian Empire ). In 1621 the family split into the Lippe-Brake lines (extinguished in 1709), Lippe-Alverdissen (from 1643 it became the ruling Grafhaus Schaumburg-Lippe by inheritance ) and the ruling Lippe-Detmold line . The non-ruling branch lines Lippe-Biesterfeld (after a hunting lodge in Lügde- Biesterfeld , North Rhine-Westphalia), Lippe-Weißenfeld and Lippe-Falkenflucht split off from the latter . After the end of the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) in 1806, the two now sovereign counties of Lippe-Detmold and Schaumburg-Lippe were effectively increased to principalities by joining the Rhine Confederation in 1807 .

When the Detmold line with the brothers Woldemar († 1895) and Alexander († 1905) went out, it came to the Lippe succession dispute between the princely line Schaumburg-Lippe and the count line Lippe-Biesterfeld, the 1897 Ernst of Lippe-Biesterfeld decided for themselves .

Lords, counts and princes zur Lippe

The following people belonged to the German aristocratic family Lippe :

Gentlemen to the lip

Surname Domination Remarks
Bernhard I. 1123-1158
Hermann I. 1158-1167
Bernhard II. 1168-1196
Hermann II. 1196-1229
Bernhard III. 1230-1265
Hermann III. 1265-1273
Bernhard IV. 1265-1275
Simon I. 1273-1344
Simon II  
Otto 1344-1360 in Lemgo
Bernhard V. 1344-1364 in Rheda
Simon III 1360-1410
Bernhard VI. 1410-1415
Simon IV. 1415-1429
Bernhard VII. 1429-1511
Simon V. 1511-1536 (from 1528 Graf)

Count of the lip

Surname Domination Remarks
Simon V. 1511-1536 (count since 1528)
Bernhard VIII. 1536-1563
Simon VI. 1563-1613
Distribution of the estate to Lippe-Detmold (Simon VII), Lippe-Brake ( Otto ) and Lippe-Schauenburg ( Philipp )

Count of Lippe-Detmold

Surname Domination Remarks
Simon VII 1613-1627
further distribution of inheritance in Lippe-Detmold and Lippe-Biesterfeld
Simon Ludwig 1627-1636
Simon Philipp 1636-1650
Johann Bernhard 1650-1652
Hermann Adolf 1652-1665
Simon Heinrich 1665-1697
Friedrich Adolf 1697-1718
Simon Heinrich Adolf 1718-1734
Simon August 1734-1782
Leopold I. 1782-1802 (since 1789 prince)

See princes zur Lippe-Detmold

Count of the Lippe-Biesterfeld

Surname Domination Remarks
Jobst Hermann 1625-1678
Rudolf Ferdinand 1678-1736
Distribution of inheritance in Lippe-Biesterfeld (Friedrich Karl August) and Lippe-Weißenfeld (Ferdinand Ludwig)
Friedrich Karl August 1736-1781
Karl Ernst Casimir 1781-1810
Wilhelm Ernst 1810-1840
Julius 1840-1884
Ernst to Lippe-Biesterfeld 1884–1904, from 1897 Grafregent von Lippe-Detmold

Count to Lippe-Brake

Surname Domination Remarks
Otto (Lippe-Brake) 1621-1657 Founder of the Lippe-Brake line after the division of the estate based on the will of Count Simon VI. (Lip)
Kasimir (Lippe-Brake) 1657-1692
Rudolph (Lippe-Brake) 1692-1707
Ludwig-Ferdinand (Lippe-Brake) 1707-1709 Last male offspring. The Lippe-Brake line went out with his death in 1709.

Counts and princes of Lippe-Weißenfeld

Surname Domination Remarks
Ferdinand Ludwig 1736-1781 Seat at Saßleben Castle , Niederlausitz (from 1815 part of Brandenburg)
Friedrich Ludwig 1781-1791
Ferdinand 1791-1846 from 1797 Lord of the Baruth (Upper Lusatia)
Gustav 1846-1882
Ferdinand 1882-1900
George 1900-1915
Erich (since 1916 prince) 1915-1928 sold in 1879 Saßleben
Clemens (2nd cousin of Erich, Prince since 1916) * 1860 † 1920 Herr auf Döberkitz , married in 1901 at Proschwitz Castle
Karl Franz Ferdinand (older son of Clemens) * 1903 † 1939 on Baruth etc.
Franz Clemens Ulrich (1929–1995) * 1929 † 1995 Last gentleman on Baruth with Rackel and Buchwalde
Christian (younger son of Clemens) * 1907 † 1996 Lord of Teichnitz , Lubachau , Gersdorf and Proschwitz Castle , co- owner of Sornitz

Prince of Lippe-Detmold

Surname Domination Remarks
Leopold I. to Lippe-Detmold (1782/1789) -1802 (since 1789 prince)
Pauline zur Lippe-Detmold born from Anhalt-Bernburg 1802-1820 (as regent i. V. of her son Leopold II.)
Leopold II to Lippe-Detmold (1802/1820) -1851
Leopold III. to Lippe-Detmold 1851-1875
Woldemar to Lippe-Detmold 1875-1895 died childless
Alexander zur Lippe-Detmold 1895-1905
Adolf zu Schaumburg-Lippe 1895-1897 (Regency for the deranged Alexander)
Ernst to Lippe-Biesterfeld 1897-1904 (Regency for the deranged Alexander)
Leopold IV to the lip 1904-1918 (until 1905 as regent for Alexander, then as Prince Leopold IV.)

Heads of the House of Lippe

Surname "Term of office" Remarks
Leopold Fürst zur Lippe-Biesterfeld 1918-1949
Armin Prinz zur Lippe 1949-2015
Stephan Prinz zur Lippe since 2015 current head of the Lippe house

Other important personalities from Lippe

Prince Leopold III. to the lip

coat of arms

The family coat of arms of the noble lords of Lippe has been showing a golden, inseminated red five-petalled rose on a silver background since around 1222. The same figure appears as a crest ornament on the helmet with its red and silver covers , either sitting directly on the helmet with the leaves or with a short stalk. This crest remained unchanged from approx. 1240 to approx. 1450, then under Simon, Herr zur Lippe, in 1455 a silver, later red, also silver-red flight was added.

The fact that the (speaking) family coat of arms of the Rosenbergs is designed like that of the noble lords of the Lippe does not indicate any real relationship.

Locks of the house of Lippe

The original headquarters was near Lippstadt , but can no longer be located today. After 1190 the rule of Rheda came to Bernhard II, nobleman of the Lippe. His successor Hermann II moved the headquarters from Lippstadt to Rheda Castle , which he expanded into one of the largest castles in northern Germany. In 1364, however, Rheda was lost to the County of Tecklenburg after a feud .

Detmold Castle has been owned by the family since 1200 until today. In 1190 and 1194 the Falkenburg was built south of it , at the same time Brake Castle in Lemgo and, soon after, Blomberg Castle . In 1305, Simon I had to grind down Enger Castle because of alleged raids . Varenholz Castle was acquired in 1323, thereby extending the domain in the north to the Weser. In 1350, half of the stake in Schwalenberg Castle was acquired and in 1405 Sternberg Castle , initially as a pledge. Bernhard V († before 1365) built Horn Castle . In 1405 Alverdissen Castle came to the Lippe family; 1613 it was considered paréage awarded I. to Count Philipp of Lippe-Alverdissen, the 1640 by his sister, Countess Elisabeth von Holstein-Schaumburg, part of the county Schaumburg inherited and thus as the reigning Count Philip I , the House of Schaumburg-Lippe -founded. In 1812 Alverdissen Castle returned to the Lippe family. Schieder Castle came to the Counts of Lippe-Brake in the course of the Reformation in 1553 , to the House of Schaumburg-Lippe in 1773 and to the Princely House of Lippe-Detmold in 1789, to which it served as a summer residence until 1918. In 1657 Count Hermann Adolf had the Lopshorn hunting lodge built. The baroque Lippehof in Lemgo was built in the 18th century. The Favorite in Detmold was a gift from Count Friedrich Adolph (1667-1718) to his wife, Countess Amalie zu Solms-Hohensolms, and was completed in 1718; in the 1840s it was converted into the New Palace .

Jobst Hermann (1625–1678), the youngest son of Count Simon VII of Detmold , was resigned to the Paragium Schwalenberg by his ruling half-brothers and from 1678 onwards, the dairy in Biesterfeld expanded into a manor. The younger (non-ruling) line he founded split under his grandchildren into the branches Lippe-Biesterfeld (who left Biesterfeld in 1772 after inheriting the Oberkassel estate near Bonn with the Lippe country house in 1770 ) and Lippe-Biesterfeld -Weißenfeld , who came into possession through marriage in Saxony (see below) . After the ruling Detmold line died out in 1895, Count Ernst zur Lippe-Biesterfeld came to reign in the Principality of Lippe in 1897 . On November 12, 1918, Ernst's son, Prince Leopold IV , had to renounce the throne. In the domanial contract of 1919 the division of the princely possessions was regulated and the prince was awarded the Detmold residential palace, the Lopshorn hunting lodge including the stud and the Berlebeck chief forester under certain conditions. Today's owner is his grandson Stephan Prinz zur Lippe (* 1959).

Own the line Lippe-Weißenfeld

The branch line Lippe-Weißenfeld was created in 1734, when Ferdinand I. Graf zur Lippe-Biesterfeld received the Herrenhaus Weißenfeld in the Schwalenberg Forest as Paragium and from then on was called Lippe-Weißenfeld. While the family home in Weißenfeld near Schwalenberg was soon abandoned and demolished by the not very wealthy family there, the Weißenfelder Hof in Lemgo existed until 1914.

Late 18th century, his son Friedrich Ludwig Graf moved to the lip-white field (1737-1791) in the Electorate of Saxony and belonging to him Markgrafschaft Oberlausitz , where he due to his marriage to Marie Eleonore Countess of Gersdorff the legacy of domination Baruth (Oberlausitz ) started . This inherited his older son Ferdinand (1773–1846), while the younger Christian (1777–1859) received the Teichnitz property through marriage from the Hohenthal family , from which his mother and his wife came from . The two branches they established remained on the property there until 1945. The last ruling prince of Lippe, Leopold IV , elevated the older branch of the Counts to Lippe-Weißenfeld in 1916 and the younger branch to prince immediately before his abdication in 1918. All Saxon goods on the Lippe-Weißenfeld line were expropriated by the communist land reform of 1945.

Older branch in Upper Lusatia

Ferdinand Graf zur Lippe-Weißenfeld (1772–1846) became lord of the Baruth (Upper Lusatia) with Rackel and Buchwalde through inheritance from his mother from the house of the Counts of Gersdorff . In 1808 the Dauban estate (between Bautzen and Görlitz) was acquired and at the end of the 19th century the Sornitz manor near Meissen. He was followed by his older son Gustav (1805–1882), while the younger Hugo (1809–1868) took over Saßleben Castle , which was sold in 1879. Until 1939 Ferdinand Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld (1903–1939) was master of Baruth, Rackel, Buchwalde, Dauban and Sornitz; he was followed by his widow Dorothea (Pauline), née Princess von Schönburg -Waldenburg , until the expropriation in 1945 .

Younger branch in Saxony

Ferdinand's half-brother Christian (1777-1859) inherited the East Saxon Teichnitz estate in 1815 through his mother and wife, who both came from the Hohenthal family, and in 1829 acquired the Lubachau estate in Upper Lusatia; from 1925 to 1937 the Middle Saxon estate Gersdorf was added for a short time . His grandson Clemens zur Lippe-Biesterfeld-Weißenfeld (1860–1920) on Döberkitz near Bautzen married in 1910 at Proschwitz Castle near Meißen; In 1916 he was made prince. Clemens' grandson Georg Prinz zur Lippe-Weissenfeld (* 1957) operates as a re-judge today known winery Prince of Lippe at Schloss Proschwitz.

See also

literature

  • Philippine Charlotte Auguste Piderit: The Lippe noblemen in the Middle Ages. Detmold 1876 (Online: LLB Detmold )
  • Margarete Hamer-Princess of Lippe-Weißenfeld: 275 years of Lippe-Weißenfeld. Volume 1: Hike from the Lippe region to Lusatia. Based on family history sources. Sollermann, Leer / Ostfriesland 2009, ISBN 978-3-938897-30-0 .
  • Margarete Hamer-Princess of Lippe-Weißenfeld: 275 years of Lippe-Weißenfeld. Volume 2: Hike from Lipper Land via Niederlausitz to Oberlausitz. Based on family history sources. Oberlausitzer Verlag Nürnberger, Spitzkunnersdorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-936867-68-8 .
  • Margarete Hamer-Princess to Lippe-Weißenfeld: Baruth in Saxony 1945–1950. A time study. Oberlausitzer Verlag Nürnberger, Spitzkunnersdorf 2004.
  • Margarete Hamer-Princess zur Lippe-Weißenfeld: Escape of a twelve-year-old. In: Adam von Watzdorf, Agnes von Kopp-Colomb, Henning von Kopp-Colomb (eds.): Book of fate 2 of the Saxon-Thuringian nobility: 1945 to 1989 and from the turn of the century to 2005. C. A. Starke, Limburg an der Lahn 2005, ISBN 3-7980-0606-7 , pp. 333–347 ( From the German Aristocratic Archives NF 6).
  • Willy Gerking: The Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld. From the history of a sideline of the Count's house to Lippe and an excursus on the origins of the house to Lippe-Weißenfeld. With a contribution by Hermann Josef Schmalor. Bad Oeynhausen 2001.
  • Willy Gerking: The Counts of Lippe-Falkenflucht. Creation and life of a side line of the house to Lippe-Biesterfeld. In: Lippe's message from history and regional studies. Volume 75, pp. 147-191 (with family tables). Detmold 2006.

Web links

Commons : Haus Lippe  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Website of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
  2. ^ Hugo Gerard Ströhl , Deutsche Wappenrolle, 1897, p. 68