Falkenburg ruins (Detmold)

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Falkenburg ruins
Keep of the Falkenburg ruins

Keep of the Falkenburg ruins

Creation time : 1190
Castle type : Hilltop castle
Conservation status: ruin
Place: Detmold - Berlebeck
Geographical location 51 ° 52 '33.3 "  N , 8 ° 52' 47.1"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 52 '33.3 "  N , 8 ° 52' 47.1"  E
Height: 372.6  m above sea level NHN
Falkenburg ruins (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Falkenburg ruins
South wall of the Falkenburg ruins
Falkenburg ruins from the air

The Ruin Falkenburg in the Teutoburg Forest is a ruined castle in the district Detmold in North Rhine-Westphalia Lippe ( Germany ). The former hilltop castle was built from around 1190 and abandoned in the first half of the 16th century.

Geographical location

The Falkenburg ruins are located in the southeastern part of the Teutoburg Forest (called Lippischer Wald) in the Teutoburg Forest / Eggegebirge Nature Park, around one kilometer south-southeast of Johannaberg, a southern location in the southern Detmold district of Berlebeck . It is located about 1.7 km north-northeast of the Gauseköte as the crow flies (see  below ) at 372.6  m above sea level. NHN- high neighboring dome of the 700 meters (m) northeast of Stembergs ( 401.9  m ), which are connected to a forest path branch at 339.6  m height via an approximately 337  m high saddle . About 5.5 km southeast of the ruin is the seam line to the south-facing Egge Mountains in the Silberbachtal .

history

The construction of the Falkenburg, of which only a ruin can be seen today, was initiated between 1190 and 1194 by Bernhard II and his son Hermann II , noblemen of the Lippe .

In 1405 the property went to Count Simon III. to the lip. On the occasion of the Eversteiner feud (1403-1407), Duke Heinrich I of Braunschweig was imprisoned in the castle for a long time. In the middle of the 15th century, a fire destroyed the already large complex, which consisted of a main castle , an outer bailey and a kennel . Under Princess Pauline zur Lippe , parts of the castle were used to expand the Gauseköte, and the residents of Berlebeck also used many of the castle's stones to build the foundations of their houses. Today the ruin is owned by Stephan Prinz zur Lippe , a direct descendant of the builders. At the end of 2004, on a private initiative, the Förderverein Die Falkenburg e. V. to maintain and renovate the castle, archaeological excavations have been taking place on the ruins since 2005 . In 2016, Stephan zur Lippe was awarded the German Prize for Monument Protection ( Silver Hemisphere ) by the German National Committee for Monument Protection for his commitment to the building and ground monument .

In contrast to other castles, the Falkenburg is not to be rebuilt. Only the existing brickwork should be preserved and secured for future generations. In addition, after the excavations are completed, historical events and concerts are planned to bring the cradle of Lippe history to life.

Layout

The Falkenburg, which is under monument protection as a ground monument , has been examined by an archaeological excavation team since April 2005. Already in the first six months of the excavations, in which the entire mountain cone was removed by two and a half meters, masonry from 2.50 to 2.80 m protruding from the ground was brought to light. On the main castle, the walls of the palace (main building) to the south and five other buildings to the north were exposed. The buildings on the north side can only be used to a limited extent. While the middle building has a gun chamber from a late construction phase, the other buildings seem to have primarily served residential purposes. Both units are connected to the west by a gate tower, the building gap in the east of the castle keep occupied. Since the excavated masonry was unstable after centuries in the ground and could collapse, a visit to the excavation site was only allowed until 2018 under the direction of the excavation team or the support association, which offers guided tours on its website.

In 2012 a tiny piece of jewelry, a kind of brooch, was found. Archaeologists and historians suspect that this find can be used to prove that " Hermann II zur Lippe was about to become king of" Livonia "(today Estonia and Latvia) around 1200, where his father -  Bernhard II.  - was bishop. "

Transport links

The Falkenburg ruins can be reached from Landesstraße  937, which leads from the Detmold district of Berlebeck in the north past its location Johannaberg over the Gauseköte mountain pass to Oesterholz , a northern district of Schlangen in the south-southwest. From the Hirschsprung country house on this road in Johannaberg, past the Hirschsprung forester's house , forest and hiking trails lead south-east - initially paved - to the top of the ruin, which is about 1.5 km away.

Since 2004, free access to the site has been prohibited due to the archaeological investigations and the extensive renovation and reconstruction. The support association offers group tours.

Access to the site has been free again since July 2018.

Attractions

The following sights and geographical destinations are located near the Falkenburg ruins:

  • Adlerwarte Berlebeck , bird park in the Berlebeck district of Detmold
  • Barnacken ( 446.4  m ), highest mountain in the Teutoburg Forest in the districts of Horn-Bad Meinberg and Schlangen
  • Externsteine , striking sandstone rock formation near Holzhausen-Externsteine ​​(near Horn Bad Meinberg)
  • Fürstenallee , historical section of today's state road 937, south of the Gauseköte
  • Hermannsdenkmal , monument built between 1838 and 1875 near Detmold-Hiddesen
  • Velmerstot (approx. 464  m ), highest mountain in the nearby Egge Mountains in the areas of Horn-Bad Meinberg and Steinheim
  • Vogelpark Heiligenkirchen , bird park in the Heiligenkirchen district of Detmold

literature

  • Johannes Müller-Kissing: The boss here, the mob there? Use of the Falkenburg buildings near Detmold-Berlebeck . In: LWL-Archeologie für Westfalen, Antiquities Commission for Westphalia (ed.): Archeology in Westfalen-Lippe 2014, Langenweißbach 2015, pp. 144–148.
  • Johannes Müller-Kissing: In and out - access roads and waste disposal on the Falkenburg near Detmold . In: LWL-Archeologie für Westfalen, Altertumskommission für Westfalen (Ed.): Archeology in Westfalen-Lippe 2013, Langenweißbach 2014, pp. 133-137.
  • Johannes Müller-Kissing: The Falkenburg near Detmold-Berlebeck, Lippe district (early castles in Westphalia 41), Münster 2018.
  • Susanne Bretzel-Scheel, Johannes Müller-Kissing: The restoration of armor parts of the Falkenburg near Detmold-Berlebeck. In: LWL-Archeologie für Westfalen, Antiquities Commission for Westphalia (ed.): Archeology in Westfalen-Lippe 2013, Langenweißbach 2014, pp. 213–216.
  • Johannes Müller-Kissing, Hans-Werner Peine, Elke Treude: Evidence of war and peace on the Falkenburg near Detmold. In: LWL-Archeologie für Westfalen, Antiquities Commission for Westphalia (Ed.): Archäologie in Westfalen-Lippe 2012, Langenweißbach 2013, pp. 117–121.
  • Johannes Müller-Kissing, Hans-Werner Peine, Elke Treude: From the keep to the mine tunnel - the Falkenburg near Detmold . In: Archeology in Germany Issue 3/2013, pp. 68–69.1
  • Hans-Werner Peine, Elke Treude: The Archbishop in the rubble: A chess piece from the Falkenburg . In: LWL-Archeologie für Westfalen, Antiquities Commission for Westphalia (Ed.): Archeology in Westfalen-Lippe 2011, Langenweißbach 2012, pp. 106–110.
  • Hans-Werner Peine: Raqqa goods and wolf fishing - everyday life on the Falkenburg in the 13th century . In: LWL-Archeologie für Westfalen, Altertumskommission für Westfalen (Ed.): Archeology in Westfalen-Lippe 2009, Langenweißbach 2010, pp. 78–81, ISBN 978-3-941171-42-8

Web links

Commons : Ruine Falkenburg  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Falkenburg  - poem by Emil Rittershaus

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  2. ↑ Müller-Kissing 2015 (see literature )
  3. ↑ Announcement of the 2016 award winners , press release of the German National Committee for Monument Protection , from July 19, 2016, on dnk.de.
  4. ↑ Detmold: Find an der Falkenburg electrifies historians ( Memento from October 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive )