List of historical mass-produced electric cars and prototypes

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The list of historical series-produced electric cars and prototypes should include all electric cars that are historical, that is, belong to the classic car category, i.e. are more than thirty years old, and have either been produced in series or built as prototypes.

For models that are not yet so old, please refer to the “ List of battery-powered used car models ” in the list of electric cars in series production .

Newer prototypes, i.e. those that are less than thirty years old, should be included in the list of electric car prototypes .

Series-produced electric cars and prototypes, differentiated according to the countries of origin

A Tama, in a model configuration as it was built in series from 1947

France

  • Amiot-Peneau (Asnières-sur-Seine); 1897-1902. Tractors with gasoline or electric motors
  • BGS (Neuilly-sur-Seine); 1896-1904
  • Blondel & Crépin (Amiens) 1901–1905
  • Bouhey (Paris); 1898-1902. Only the brand's first car had an electric drive.
  • Bozier (Neuilly-sur-Seine); 1898-1920. Electric cars approx. 1900–1906
  • Clémençon ; 1904-1906
  • CFVE (Compagnie Française des Voitures Électromobiles) (Paris); 1898-1901
  • CGE Tudor (Paris and Asnières-sur-Seine); 1941-1946; Manufacturer CGE (Compagnie Générale d'Electricté; since 1986 Alcatel ), designer Jean-Albert Grégoire . 200 copies.
  • Champrobert (Levallois-Perret); 1901–1905 (hybrid)
  • Chapeaux (Lyon); 1940–1941, 4 copies (individual pieces on customer order)
  • Créanche (Courbevoie); 1899-1906; Gasoline and electric cars. the latter were made by Bouquet, Garcin et Schivre for Créanche
  • Electromotion (Paris); 1900-1909; especially taxis
  • Erad (Études et Réalisations du Douaisis) (Aniche); 1979-1997. 800 small electric cars
  • Gallia (Paris)
  • Garçin (Neuilly-sur-Seine); 1904-1906
  • Grégoire Charbonneaux 1969–1972; Small delivery van, designer Jean-Albert Grégoire , design Philippe Charbonneaux
  • L. Combes (Bois-Colombes-sur-Seine); 1901.
  • Kriéger (Paris / Courbevoie); 1887-1909. Especially taxis
  • La Jamais Contente , record car; first car officially measured over 100 km / h. manufactured by the Compagnie Centrale des Transports Automobiles
  • Mercédès-Électrique , registered trademark of Emil Jellinek in Paris from 1906–1914 , manufactured by Austro-Daimler . Also Mercédès-Mixte with gasoline-electric (hybrid) drive (1906–1914).
  • Mildé (Levallois-Perret); Electric cars and utility vehicles 1898–1909; 1900 also Mildé et Mondos . 1907–1912 Mildé-Gaillardet with gasoline- electric (hybrid) drive.
  • Regina (Paris)
  • Stéla ; 1941-1948
  • Trouvé Tricycle (Paris); 1881; is considered to be one of the very first electric vehicles.

Austria

Great Britain

  • Austin Electricar cf. Morrison Electricar .
  • Electricars (Birmingham), 1920-1950s. Heavy goods vehicle with electric drive. From around 1930 delivery vans for door-to-door deliveries ("doorstep delivery vehicles", e.g. milk transporters), from 1935 electric transporters for works transport and intralogistics (platform trucks). From 1936 brand of "Associated Electric Vehicle Manufacturers Ltd", in turn a subsidiary of the Young Accumulator Company . Electric municipal and commercial vehicles with payloads from 250 kg to 7 sh tn (6.35 t ).
  • Electromobile (commercial vehicle manufacturer) (Leeds); founded before 1913; 1920 2 sh tn trucks and fire engines with hub drives on all wheels. Charles Guthrie Conradi was the managing director.
  • Enfield Automotive (London), 1969–1976, model Enfield E 8000 , a two-seater with a plastic body with two additional jump seats. The manufacturing company was initially based in London ; it was 1972/73 adopted by the Greek shipbuilding company Neorion and the related business activities a subsidiary called Enfield-Neorion established with which production could be continued, with the company headquarters on the Isle of Wight laid and installation on the Greek island of Syros has been moved ; a final assembly took place again on the Isle of Wight. A total of 106 vehicles were built.
  • Morrison Electricar . From approx. 1930–1950s. The manufacturers of these electric trucks with payloads of up to 4 sh tn were AE Morrison & Sons in South Wigston ( Leicestershire ). From 1936 together with Electricars a brand of "Associated Electric Vehicle Manufacturers Ltd", in turn a subsidiary of the Young Accumulator Company . 1946 sold to Douglas (Kingswood) Ltd. From 1948 onwards, it was also sold through Austin Crompton-Parkinson (ACP), a joint venture between the vehicle manufacturer Austin and the Crompton-Parkinson electronics group . ACP built the vehicle itself from 1961, also as Austin Electricar.
  • Orwell (Ipswich). Commercial vehicle brand of a traditional industrial and agricultural equipment manufacturer (1920–1942). Trucks, municipal vehicles, vans, buses, trolley buses.
  • Wales & Edwards
  • Wilson Electric , Leicester , until 1954. The largest British manufacturer of electric vehicles in the interwar period produced almost exclusively delivery vans. 1935–1936 around 40 small but very elegant coupés (bodies by Arthur Mulliner , Northampton ) were built in the “Airstream” style with hatchbacks. The front was reminiscent of the Fiat Topolino. The range was 40 miles (65 km) at 27 mph (43.5 km / h) speed.

United States

Start of production before 1945

  • Ajax Electric 1901-1903, New York City NY (USA)
  • American Beauty Completed Prototype from Jonesville MI (USA)
  • Ames Motocycle 1896, Owatonna MN (USA); DJ Ames and Frank laBare; Prototype electric four-wheel vehicle
DJ Ames was President of Owatonna Mfg. Co. As early as 1895 he had designed a two-cylinder gasoline engine with LS Nichols, which was entered in the Chicago Times-Herald contest but did not appear at the start. Owatonna Mfg. also financed Nichols' prototype with a rotary piston engine in 1896. None of the projects resulted in production.
These Ames are not to be confused with the crude steam car of the AC Ames from South Chicago IL, which was also entered in the contest with Nichols in 1895 but did not appear.
  • Amesbury; 1899. Amesbury Automobile Company prototype, Amesbury MA
  • Argo Electric & American Argo 1912–1916, Saginaw MI (USA), from 1914 American Argo
  • Babcock Electric (USA, Buffalo, NY) (not to be confused with the HH Babcock Company in Watertown NY 1909–1913, a manufacturer of gasoline engines)
  • Baker Motor Vehicle Company (USA, Cleveland OH) 1899-1914
  • Baker & Elberg Electric (USA, Kansas City MO) 1894
  • Barrett & Perret Electric (USA, New York City NY) 1896
  • Berg Electric Car Company (USA, New York City NY) 1920-1921; Taxi project
  • Borland Electric & American Borland 1910-1916, Chicago IL; from 1914 American Borland, Saginaw MI (USA)
  • Broc Electric & American Broc 1909-1916, Cleveland OH; from 1914 American Broc, Saginaw MI (USA)
  • Caffrey Electric (USA, Reno NV) 1897
  • Columbia Automobile Company
  • Detroit Electric Car Company produced a total of 12,348 electric cars and 535 trucks from 1907-1939; according to other sources between 35,000 and 37,000 vehicles.
  • Eastman 1898-1900; Cleveland OH; experimented with electric and steam vehicles; built what was probably the first all-steel body in the USA
  • Edison Electric (USA, West Orange NJ, Detroit MI, New York NY) The inventor Thomas Alva Edison built four electric automobiles with batteries developed by him for experimental purposes (1903-1904; 1914; 1927)
  • Electric Carriage & Wagon Company (ECVC) 1896-1897; a company established by electric car pioneers Henry G. Morris and Pedro G. Salom . Some of the Electrobat test vehicles, which are considered to be the first really functional electric cars, were built here. They considered operation, maintenance and upkeep to be too complex to be controlled by untrained people. Therefore, they rented the vehicles instead of selling them. Maintenance and battery change (instead of charging) took place in specially set up stations. The model was based on the widespread rental stables that sold horses and teams in this way.
  • Electric vehicle ; (EVC); 1897-1909. The largest automobile manufacturer in the USA around 1898. Only built electric vehicles and was incorporated in Columbia in 1904 ; the brand name was used until around 1909. Belonged with the Electric Storage Battery Company (ESBC) and the American Bicycle Company to the so-called Lead Cab Trust , which unsuccessfully sought a monopoly position in the taxi business.
  • Elwell-Parker Electric founded in Great Britain in 1893 as a manufacturer of batteries; 1896 establishment in the USA. Prototypes for testing and marketing the innovative batteries. 1906 Acquisition by Detroit Electric . EP still exists today as a manufacturer of industrial vehicles.
  • Fanning Electric (USA, Chicago IL) 1901-1903
  • Flanders Electric , (USA, Detroit MI) 1912-1913
  • Flanders Electric , (USA, Pontiac MI) 1914-1915
  • Fulton & Walker Company (Philadelphia PA 1899–1901) Light commercial vehicles, some passenger cars
  • General Electric Automobile Company (USA, Manyunck PA) 1898-1900
  • Henry Electric (USA, Denver CO); 1899. Unique piece by the electrical engineer John C. Henry. Various components have been patented, such as the electric steering with two electric motors and the steering / control stick.
  • Hub Motor Company (Chicago IL) 1899-1901; The Hub's wheel hub drive may have been introduced as early as 1899 and could therefore be even older than that of the Lohner-Porsche .
  • Jenny Electric M. M. Slattery from Fort Wayne built a tricycle with a shunt winding electric motor in 1889 .
  • Morris & Salom Electric Company (USA, Philadelphia PA, 1894-1897)
  • Morrison Electric (USA, Des Moines IO, 1888–1895) One of the first fully functional electric cars in the USA
  • Perret Electric (USA, New York City NY) 1900
  • Orient Electric (USA, Waltham MA) In the second half of 1898, George M. Tinker and John W. Piper , two employees of the Waltham Manufacturing Company , on the instructions of co-owner and first president of General Electric Charles Albert Coffin , built an electrical Prototype which was shown as Orient Electric at the New York Cycle & Automobile Show January 21-28, 1899 in Madison Square Garden . It had a wheelbase of 1524 mm and weighed around 450 kg. The electric motor came from General Electric in Lynn (Massachusetts) . Coffin was president of this society. Further test vehicles or series production did not follow, but Waltham Manufacturing began a motorcycle, automobile and aircraft production with internal combustion engines. Tinker and Piper built a steam car of their own design from 1899 to 1902 .
  • Pope-Waverley (1904-1908), Waverley Electric (1898-1903) resp. Waverley (1909-1916) (USA, Indianapolis IN)
  • Rauch & Lang series bodybuilder and major electric car manufacturer (USA, Cleveland OH) 1904–1915
  • Republic (United States, Minneapolis MN) 1902
  • Rock Falls (USA, Sterling IL) 1878-1925; Front-wheel drive electric ambulances and hearses, 1912–1914
  • Studebaker Electric (USA, South Bend IN)
  • Van Wagoner Electric (USA, Syracuse NY); 1899
  • Walker , Walker-Electric (USA, Chicago IL) 1906-1942. Commercial vehicles only.
  • Walkins (USA, Springfield MA). 1896, highwheeler. In 1896, LE Walkins built an electric and a gasoline engine, which were shown at the Cosmopolitan Race and in Boston that same year. The Bay State Motive Power Company , which was then founded , planned to manufacture 30 vehicles powered by gasoline and 10 each with electricity and compressed air. A few walkins were built, but the total number stayed below 50.
  • Ward , Ward-Electric (USA, Bronx and Mt. Vernon NY) 1914-1965; Electric truck up to 1937 (up to 7 tn); Electric cars 1914–1916.
  • Westinghouse Electric (USA, Pittsburgh PA) 1901-1907

Start of production after 1945

Conversion of Renault 12 and AMC Pacer to electric vehicles. Initially a student project. Several years of serious production. Model names EVA Metro (R12), EVA Delta Pacer and EVA Change of Pace (Pacer).
  • Electro Master (USA, Pasadena CA) 1962-1964. Four-wheeled, two-seater small electric vehicle
  • Electromotion (USA, Bedford MA) 1974
  • Electronic (USA, Salt Lake City UT) 1955. Petrol or diesel-electric drive with 80-cell battery pack. The engine was on the rear axle. The power transmission took place with a magnetic coupling. Sedan, station wagons and delivery vans were also announced, but only the two-seater LaSaetta roadster with a GRP body for US $ 2,995 and an optional hardtop was built .
  • Henney Kilowatt (USA, Canastota NY) 1959-1960. Electric car based on the Renault Dauphine with 12 V electric motor and 7.2 kW output. The kilowatt reached a top speed of 64 km / h. The recommended cruising speed was 48 km / h, the range was approximately 65 km. The development was advanced in a consortium led by the National Union Electric Corporation . Less than 50 copies were built.

Germany

  • AAA (Berlin), 1919-1926; also light electric commercial vehicles
  • AAG (Berlin), 1899-1901; Tricycles with gasoline engines, electric cars
  • ABAM (Cologne), trademark of Kölner Electricitäts-AG, 1898–1906; Electric cabs and light electric commercial vehicles with wheel hub motors. Accumobile car. See also KEW
  • Afa (Berlin), 1918-1936; only electric commercial vehicles
  • Andreas (Dresden), 1900-1902; Brand of the Saxon Accumulatoren-Werke.
  • Dixi / Wartburg (Eisenach), 1899–1902
  • Elektra (H. Krüger), 1899–1900
  • Electric (Berlin), 1922-1926; also light electric commercial vehicles
  • Vehicle factory Eisenach cf. Dixi
  • Fiedler (Berliner Elektromobil- und Accumulatoren GmbH), 1900.
  • Flakes , Andreas flakes
1888 model Flocken electric car (reconstruction)

Switzerland

Italy

Japan

Brazil

  • Gurgel (Rio Claro, São Paulo), 1975–1976 ?, model Gurgel Itaipu Elétrico E150 / II , a compact two-seater with a trapezoidal body; a little more than twenty vehicles were built, but the model did not really leave the pre-production stage.

literature

  • GN Georgano (Ed.): Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars, 1885 to the Present. 2nd Edition. Dutton Press, New York 1973, ISBN 0-525-08351-0 . (English)
  • Harald H. Linz, Halwart Schrader : The International Automobile Encyclopedia . United Soft Media Verlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-8032-9876-8 .
  • Beverly Rae Kimes (ed.), Henry Austin Clark Jr.: Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1942. 2nd Edition. Krause Publications, Iola WI 1985, ISBN 0-87341-111-0 . (English)
  • Beverly Rae Kimes (ed.), Henry Austin Clark Jr.: Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1942. 3. Edition. Krause Publications, Iola WI 1996, ISBN 0-87341-428-4 . (English)
  • John Gunnell (Ed.): Standard Catalog of American Cars 1946–1975. 4th revised edition. Krause Publications, Iola WI 2002, ISBN 0-87349-461-X (English, CD-Rom / PDF)
  • Richard M. Langworth (Ed.): Encyclopedia of American Cars from 1930. Consumer Guide, Publications International, 1993, ISBN 0-7853-0175-5 (English)
  • David A. Kirsch: The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick NJ / London 2000, ISBN 0-8135-2809-7 . (English)
  • Ernest Henry Wakefield: History of the Electric Automobile; Battery-Only Powered Cars. Published by SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers), Warrendale PA 1970, ISBN 1-56091-299-5 . (English)
  • Gijs Mom: The Electric Vehicle: Technology and Expectations in the Automobile Age. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4214-0970-2 . (English)
  • Henning Wallentowitz, Arndt Freialdenhoven: Strategies for the electrification of the drive train: Technologies, markets and implications. 2. revised Edition. Vieweg + Teubner Verlag (ATZ / MTZ-Fachbuch), 2011, ISBN 978-3-8348-1412-8 .
  • GN Georgano (Ed.), G. Marshall Naul: Complete Encyclopedia of Commercial Vehicles. MBI Motor Books International, Osceola WI, 1979; ISBN 0-87341-024-6 .
  • Albert Mroz: Illustrated Encyclopedia of American Trucks and Commercial Vehicles. Krause Publications, Iola WI, 1996; ISBN 0-87341-368-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Georgano (1973), p. 317.
  2. ↑ a b Georgano (1973), p. 576.
  3. ↑ a b Kimes (1985), p. 597.
  4. ↑ Grace's Guide: Electricars
  5. ↑ a b Grace’s Guide: Associated Electric Vehicle Manufacturers
  6. ↑ Grace's Guide: Electromobile (Leeds)
  7. ↑ Grace's Guide: Charles Gutherie Conradi
  8. ↑ Grace's Guide: Morison Electricar
  9. ↑ Grace's Guide: Aero Engines
  10. ↑ Grace's Guide: Austin Crompton-Parkinson Electric Vehicles
  11. ↑ Grace's Guide: Ransomes, Sims and Jefferies
  12. ↑ Grace's Guide: Orwell
  13. ^ GN Georgano (Ed.): Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars, 1885 to the Present. 2nd Edition. Dutton Press, New York 1973, p. 725.
  14. ↑ a b Kimes, Clark: Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1942. 1996, pp. 47-48.
  15. ^ Kimes, Clark: Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1942. 1996, p. 1099.
  16. ↑ Kirsch: The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History (2000), p. 35
  17. ↑ Kirsch: The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History (2000), p. 37
  18. ↑ Kimes (1996), p. 558
  19. ↑ Kimes (1996), p. 621
  20. ↑ Kimes (1996), p. 696
  21. ↑ earlyelectric.com: Timeline
  22. ↑ a b Waltham Museum: The Waltham Steam Cars of Piper and Tinker ( Memento of the original from February 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.walthammuseum.com
  23. ↑ Kimes (1985), p. 1463.
  24. ↑ coachbuilt.com: Rock Falls Manufacturing Company
  25. ↑ earlyamericanautomobiles.com: 1890a
  26. ^ Mroz: Illustrated Encyclopedia of American Trucks and Commercial Vehicles. 1996, pp. 400-401
  27. ↑ Kimes (1985), pp. 1507-1508.
  28. ↑ Kimes (1996), pp. 1512-1514
  29. ↑ AMC Amitron at Spiegel-online , accessed: March 16, 2014.
  30. ^ Gunnell (2002), p. 825.
  31. ↑ coachbuilt.com: Henney
  32. ↑ Georgano (1973), p. 96.
  33. ↑ a b Daimler AG: The electric vans LE 306 and 307 E
  34. ^ Die Zeit, February 24, 1984: Too expensive for the post office