MAZ-501

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
MAZ
Drawing of a MAZ-501W, the version as a tractor unit
Drawing of a MAZ-501W, the version as a tractor unit
MAZ-501
Manufacturer: Minsky Avtomobilny Zavod
Sales designation: МАЗ-501
Production period: 1955-1966
Previous model: none
Successor: MAZ-509
Technical specifications
Engines: Two-stroke diesel engine
Power: 81-99 kW
Payload: 5.0 t
Perm. Total weight: 12.8 t

The MAZ-501 ( Russian МАЗ-501 ) was a Soviet truck from the production of the Minsky Avtomobilny Zavod and the first self-developed vehicle of the plant. The truck is a version of the MAZ-200 , which was especially designed for use in forestry for the transport of logs and equipped with all-wheel drive . A variant as a tractor unit was also built under the designation MAZ-501W . In total, a little over 17,000 copies of the truck were built between 1955 and 1966.

Vehicle history

The same vehicle as a sketch. Easy to recognize: the front axle differential as part of the all-wheel drive (2018)

The development history of the MAZ-501 goes back to around 1944. At this time, the YaAZ-200 was developed in the Jaroslawski Awtomobilny Sawod , which was built there in series from 1947. Production was transferred to the Minsk Automobile Plant in 1950/51 and the vehicle was renamed MAZ-200 . The number 200 indicates, according to the then valid standard , that the model was originally built in Yaroslavl.

Based on the MAZ-200, the Minski Awtomobilny Sawod began developing a four-wheel drive vehicle as early as 1951. It was given the designation MAZ-501, which clearly shows that the Yaroslavl plant was no longer involved in the construction. Numbers 500 to 549 were intended for vehicles from Minsk. It was originally planned to be used in the military, but the Soviet Army showed no interest in the truck. Instead, the Soviet Ministry of Industry became aware of the project, which was urgently looking for more powerful vehicles for the timber industry. By 1953, the design was revised and the first prototypes for long timber transport were built. At the same time, the development institute NAMI designed the prototype NAMI-012 from 1949 , which was also intended for forestry, but was equipped with a steam engine and wood-burning stove.

In the later series production, many parts of the MAZ-200 were taken over directly for the MAZ-501. These included the two-stroke diesel engine and the transmission, but also the body, rear axle and frame. The latter was reinforced for use off-road. In addition, the vehicle has been raised to increase the ground clearance . For this purpose, parts of the suspension were replaced. The newly designed front axle took over some parts of the ZIS-151 . The transfer case with two gears was also new . It transferred ⅓ of the power to the front axle and ⅔ to the rear axle. The axle differentials were lockable , locking could be done both manually and automatically if a wheel lost traction.

There have also been various minor improvements over the MAZ-200. The plain bearings in the steering mechanism were replaced by ball bearings , which made the steering smoother. In some cases, additional work lights have already been installed at the factory for forestry work. The stanchions were swivel mounted on a bogie on the truck to make it easier to drive through curves. They could also be moved lengthways to optimize the axle load.

The prototypes were tested and production was finally approved by government agencies. The vehicle met all of the requirements in the field and was able, for example, to drive through snow up to half a meter in height. Series production began in 1955. This made the MAZ-501 the first Soviet-made truck with all-wheel drive that was specially developed for forestry.

In the course of production, detailed improvements were made to the truck again and again, including the lighting system and the all-wheel drive. The first vehicles still had cabs made entirely of wood, only after about 40 copies did they begin to be clad with sheet steel. The heating was improved several times because it turned out to be too weak. In 1962, the price of a MAZ-501, which was not given to private individuals, was 4,300 rubles . A MAZ-200 without all-wheel drive, on the other hand, cost only 3460 rubles, which was below the price of a GAZ-M21 Volga for private individuals. By the end of the 1950s, around 5700 copies of the MAZ-501 had been produced.

From 1956 the very similar MAZ-502 was built for military needs. However, it had large single tires with low pressure tires, a changed gear ratio and various extras for use in the military. With the MAZ-502W a model was also built as a tractor unit . However, it quickly became apparent that the design had significant flaws. In particular, the load on the rear axle was too high and, due to the narrower tires, the traction was rather poor in winter conditions off-road. Accordingly, from 1956 a tractor unit based on the MAZ-501 was developed. The serial production of the truck designated as MAZ-501W, which was hoped for better results, began in the second half of 1957. With the JaAZ-204W it received the same engine as the MAZ-502, the 135 hp (99 kW) performed. Since the fuel consumption was very high at up to 60 l / 100 km, a second fuel tank with a capacity of 225 l was added. From 1958 to 1962, MAZ also produced the MAZ-5245B and MAZ-5245W semi-trailers for both types of tractor units. The MAZ-5245B was intended for military equipment, the MAZ-5245W was equipped with folding seats for the transport of soldiers. Both trailers were braked with compressed air.

The serial production of the MAZ-501 lasted until 1966, the successor was the MAZ-509 , which is based on the MAZ-500 . After production ended, the first-generation trucks, which had a four-cylinder diesel engine with 110 hp (81 kW), were often converted to six-cylinder JaAZ-206A engines with 165 hp (121 kW) as part of general repairs. These engines were also two-stroke diesel engines, but they were not available from the factory. Some of the last copies of the MAZ-501W already received the engine of the MAZ-500, the V6 four-stroke diesel engine JaMZ-236 with 180 PS (132 kW).

The vehicles were often exposed to harsh working conditions and disappeared from road traffic by the end of the 1970s. Of the 17,198 copies of the MAZ-501 built, none are known to be in running order. Even of the successor MAZ-509, only a few copies have survived. On the other hand, several MAZ-502s have been preserved, although the numbers produced were lower. In contrast to the MAZ-501, they were often equipped with special superstructures and hardly experienced any heavy use, even after they were retired from the army by the reserve.

Technical specifications

The data listed here apply to the MAZ-501 as it was manufactured by the manufacturer in the last generation up to 1966.

  • Engine: four-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine
  • Engine type: JaAZ-204A
  • Power 120 hp (88 kW) at 2000 min -1
  • Displacement: 4.65 l
  • Bore: 108.0 mm
  • Stroke: 127.0 mm
  • maximum torque: 461 Nm at 1200 to 1400 min -1
  • Compression: 17: 1
  • Transmission: manual five-speed gearbox with reverse gear, 1st gear unsynchronized
  • Reduction gear: manually switchable, two-stage
  • Top speed: 45.0 km / h
  • Fuel consumption: 60 l / 100 km
  • Tank capacity: 225 l
  • On-board voltage: 24 V.
  • Alternator: 250 W
  • Starter: Type ST26, 11 HP
  • Battery: 2 x 128 Ah, 12 V, in series connected
  • Drive formula : 4 × 4

Dimensions and weights

  • Length: 6700 mm
  • Width: 2638 mm
  • Height: 2650 mm
  • Wheelbase: 4520 mm
  • Turning circle: 23 m
  • Front track: 1950 mm
  • Rear track: 1920 mm (double tires)
  • Ground clearance: 290 mm
  • Empty weight: 7600 kg
  • Payload (truck): 5000 kg
  • permissible total weight: 12,825 kg
  • Front axle load: 4475 kg
  • Rear axle load: 8350 kg
  • Total payload: 15,000 kg
  • permissible total weight of the train: 29,000 kg on paved roads
  • Tire size: 12.00-20 ″

literature

  • LM Shugurov: АВТОМОБИЛИ России и СССР . First part. Ilbi / Prostreks, Moscow 1993, ISBN 5-87483-004-9 .
  • Ministry of Automobile Transport of the RSFSR ; Vehicle Construction Institute NIIAT: Short Automobile Manual (краткий автомобильный справочник). Transport Publishing House, 6th edition, Moscow 1971.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Detailed website on the history of the JaAZ-200 with contemporary photographs (Russian)
  2. ↑ Классификация и система обозначения автомобильного подвижного состава (Russian)
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Первенец. История большегрузных полноприводных грузовиков МАЗ-501, МАЗ-501В, МАЗ-502 . Grusowik-Press. (Russian)
  4. ↑ Entry available online from the magazine "Autopilot", April 2005. (Russian)
  5. ↑ a b c Ministry of Automobile Transport of the RSFSR ; Vehicle Construction Institute NIIAT: Short Automobile Manual (краткий автомобильный справочник). P. 246 ff.

Web links

Commons : MAZ-501  - Collection of images, videos and audio files